Bhattarai, Yilmaz and colleagues identify astrocyte-derived fibronectin as a key driver of blood–brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease, linking APOE ε4 and amyloid pathology to vascular dam...

SERPINE1 and SERPINB2-driven fibrin-rich niches locally programme immunosuppressive macrophages and exclude T cells, enabling spatially organized immune evasion in pancreatic ductal carcinoma.

Farooq et al. show that B cell depletion in multiple sclerosis indirectly disrupts a proinflammatory-cytotoxic T cell state. Convergent evidence across dis

Tissue mitochondrial activity controls macrophage abundance by regulating CSF1 availability, thereby enabling efficient waste removal.

Neuroinflammation alone may be dispensable for early synapse loss in Alzheimer’s disease.

Neurons actively shape immune responses that maintain central nervous system integrity. We identify SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1) as a neuron-derived signal that reprograms microglia into a neuropr...

Neuroinflammation alone may be dispensable for early synapse loss in Alzheimer’s disease.

In this study, Pinto et al. reveal early postnatal life as a critical window in which fetal-derived CX3CR1+ cells and AQP1+ intermediates establish the synovial macrophage lining. This work shows how ...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by a prolonged asymptomatic phase before cognitive decline emerges, yet the mechanisms driving symptom onset remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that the transition from asymptomatic to symptomatic disease is linked to dysfunction of brain–immune communication. Retrograde neuronal tracing in the 5xFAD mouse model of amyloidosis reveals reduced brain–spleen connectivity at advanced disease stages. To probe the functional role of the brain–spleen axis in coping with disease, we denervated the splenic nerve at an early presymptomatic stage. This intervention accelerated cognitive decline, impaired splenic hematopoiesis, diminished monocyte recruitment to the brain, disrupted monocyte–microglia signaling networks, and reduced the transition of microglia from a homeostatic to a disease-associated (DAM) state. Conversely, enhancing splenic noradrenergic input increased hematopoiesis, restored monocyte homing to the brain, and delayed cognitive impa

Promising trial results suggest cancer vaccines work and could be used to target other tumours.

Scientists share help and advice on how they got their research discussions flowing.

Lipids generated by oxidative stress and their effects on immunity and cancer are reviewed.

Fuchs-Schündeln and Holub show evidence of a homophily bias in scientific grant application review—evaluators are more favourable to applicants from their own country and, to a lesser extent, of their...

Aging disrupts microglial function, but factors that rejuvenate these cells are poorly characterized. Here, the authors show the youth-associated protein TIMP2 revitalizes microglia by altering inflam...

Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that play key roles in brain development and experience dependent plasticity. In this review we discuss recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms thro...

Astrocytes promote central nervous system (CNS) immunity through antigen presentation and activation of CD40 in astrocytes by CD40L expressed by CD4+ T cells in a model of experimental autoi...

Divergent B cell memory strategies evolved in lung and gut mucosa to counteract recurrent pathogens.