Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 29 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01357-4In this Perspective, the authors use examples from evolution, animal models of disease and clinical results to explore how IFNγ, a quintessential antipathogen cytokine, also has a fundamental role in tissue homeostasis and organ function through its effects on non-haematopoietic structural cells.

(Immunity 25, 237–247; August 2006)

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Primary human myeloid cells are efficiently edited using virus-like particles.

Acute T. gondii infection caused thymic atrophy, reduced IL-2, and a sharp decline in Treg cells. As infection resolves, IL-2 and thymic function recover, which partially restores Tregs. Fate-mapping....

The intestinal barrier harbors numerous intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) that promote tissue integrity and whose dysfunction contributes to disease. Earley et al. studied the G-protein coupled receptor signals regulating IEL movement and function and found that Gα13-Arhgef1 signaling guides CD8+ IEL migration and villous positioning, enabling TGF-β- and IL-15-dependent maturation and survival.

This Consensus Statement clarifies the existing subset-based nomenclature for T cells. Furthermore, it proposes an alternative modular nomenclature that is designed to be brief and flexible and to avo...

CD4+ T helper cells are essential for adaptive immunity; however, factors governing their maintenance and function during chronic antigen exposure remain unclear. Wen et al. identify a precursor T cell population, dependent on TOX, EOMES, and MYB, that emerges during high viral exposure and sustains helper T cell responses in chronic infection.

Cholera causes severe diarrheal illness in young children, but the mechanisms underlying age-dependent susceptibility remain unclear. Experimental cholera in neonatal mice recapitulates age-dependent ...

Extracellular ATP (eATP) is associated with immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) via its metabolite adenosine. Hu et al. find that immunotherapy increases eATP within the TME and drives immune suppression through direct binding of the purinergic receptor P2RY2, driving pathological COX-1- and COX-2-PGE₂ hyperactivation in solid tumors. This self-reinforcing circuit promotes adaptive resistance to immunotherapy.

Extrinsic factors that support CD8+ T cell responses during chronic viral infection are incompletely defined. Gago da Graça et al. identify a crucial role for B cells in triggering type I interferon production, thereby promoting T cell effector formation in response to high antigen exposure, as seen in chronic infection.

Abstract. The classic theory of mutation-selection balance predicts the equilibrium frequency of genetic variation under negative selection. The model pred

To colonize their host and cause disease, enteric pathogens must deploy their virulence factors to establish distinct nutrient niches. How anaerobic p…