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James Galbraith

@gulbruth.bsky.social
897 followers 687 following 103 posts

Evolutionary biologist, Luddite, coffee addict. Postdoc at University of Edinburgh researching the evolution of weird chromosomes and sex determination in insects, opinions my own, he/him.

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Reposted by James Galbraith
Maya Voichek @mayavoichek.bsky.social · 24/09/2026
Super excited to share my postdoctoral work at @imbavienna.bsky.social @viennabiocenter.bsky.social - We discovered that some retrotransposons, or "jumping genes" 🧬, are able to spread from cell to cell via a new viral infectivity route. A short thread: 🧵👇 (1/7)
AI-generated illustration of the soma-to-germline transmission of retrotransposons described in our work
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Laura Ross @laurarossevo.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
Ever wondered why diverse organism shrink their genome in specific cells? We try to make sense of these curious cases of programmed DNA elimination in a review that came out today @naturerevgenet.bsky.social trebuchet.public.springernature.app/get_content/... @sandraduharcourt.bsky.social
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Oisín McGann @oisinmcgann.bsky.social · 28/08/2026
This is set up for laughs, but it’s actually one of the best demonstrations I’ve seen of how being capable of producing convincing sounding language and understanding meaning are two completely different things. A chatbot does not understand you, it just has automated responses based on your words.
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roterote @roterote.bsky.social · 23/08/2026
I am seriously asking if you read his suspension letter before you jumped to defend Cofnas? Because it isn’t just about “unscholarly speech” he likely broke Belgian anti descrimination laws again advocating for racial supremacy. And it isn’t just that either.
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shaun @shaunvids.bsky.social · 23/08/2026
it is not a unique space, you live on earth with the rest of us, i hate to break it to you. cofnas is not pursuing controversial questions where they lead, he is not astray or incorrect, he is a racist. people like him would gladly destroy your whole field in the name of racism
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James Galbraith @gulbruth.bsky.social · 21/08/2026
After this year's Edinburgh Fringe I'll have seen more acts than any Fringe before, even the 2020 Adelaide Fringe what was hectic. Here's my (brief) thoughts on each show I've seen so far with links. If I seem overly positive it's because I've been much picker than usual!
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Darrin T. Schultz @dts.bsky.social · 19/08/2026
Our new paper in Science Advances asks how animals' genomes have changed since their origin from a common ancestor over 600 million years ago, and what patterns in their DNA have arisen in the churn of speciation and extinction. www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Five-panel diagram explaining fusion-with-mixing in chromosome evolution. Red and blue represent two different ancestral chromosomes throughout.

A, Fusion-with-mixing: a red chromosome and a blue chromosome fuse into one half-red, half-blue bar. Down the page, successive rows show inversions, drawn as X-shaped crossings between rows, progressively interleaving the two colors until the bottom bar is finely striped. A widening gray wedge labeled Entropy runs alongside an arrow marked Time plus evolution, pointing down.

B, Independent regulation: two separate chromosomes, one red and one blue. In each, a regulatory element, drawn as an oval, acts by an arrow on a gene within its own chromosome only.

C, FWM and novel regulation: on a fused, mixed chromosome, a red gene and a blue gene now sit next to each other across an inversion breakpoint. Red and blue arrows show regulatory elements reaching across it to act on the other chromosome's gene.

D, Regulatory entanglement: an extensively mixed chromosome, finely striped. Below it, a row of alternating red and blue genes is linked by a dense web of crossing curved arrows, so many overlapping regulatory connections that unmixing the chromosome would break them.

E, Emergence of entangled loci: a five-species phylogeny. A red and a blue chromosome fuse at an ancestral node, and helical icons on later branches mark continued mixing. Colored boxes mark four new red-blue regulatory interactions arising after inversions. Species A keeps its two chromosomes separate. In species B through E, the two earliest interactions, cyan boxes 1 and 2, are present in every descendant lineage, while later ones, yellow 3 and magenta 4, appear in fewer.
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Harmit Singh Malik @harmitmalik.bsky.social · 21/08/2026
Folks thinking that uploading confidential material to their favorite AI is safe because of of their special fences should be reminded that this past month, AI agents at all major AI companies broke out of their sandbox (much more secure fences that yours) and attacked another company!
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Anne Roulin @anneroulin.bsky.social · 21/08/2026
A good way to end the week: some rain and a new preprint! 🌧️🧬 Big 👏 to @lpiat.bsky.social for tackling a tricky genome assembly problem! We assembled the genome of a Swiss Lolium multiflorum ecotype, a forage grass with a large (~2.2 Gb), highly heterozygous genome. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
biorxiv.org
A chromosome-scale genome assembly of the Swiss Lolium multiflorum ecotype Tremona reveals a scalable method to purge spurious duplications
Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ) is a key temperate forage species underpinning livestock production in Europe. Genomic resources remain limited by its large (2.2 Gb), repetitive, and highly he...
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Carl T. Bergstrom @carlbergstrom.com · 17/08/2026
7. It's yet another thing that AI has stolen away from the current generation of scientists. Yet again, AI proves to be an anti-egalitarian force in that these abuses force us to abandon the Mertonian norm of universalism for increased reliance on credentials, reputation, and personal connections.
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Geoff Faulkner @faulknerlab.bsky.social · 30/07/2026
Our study published today @science.org shows that X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) attracts L1 mutations to the human X chromosome: doi.org/10.1126/scie... With outstanding Perspective from @aurelien-doucet.bsky.social & @retrogenomics.bsky.social: doi.org/10.1126/scie...
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KamilSJaron.bsky.social @kamilsjaron.bsky.social · 23/07/2026
New preprint: 338 coleopteran genomes reveal exceptional rearrangement variation compared to other insect orders. Big congrats to @arf-mln.bsky.social, for getting this giant piece together. Big collaboration of @joanameier.bsky.social's and my groups. 🧵👇 doi.org/10.64898/202...
Phylogeny of 338 species with tips painted by the chromosomal ancestry of their contemporary genomes (well separated colours indicate only few changes, while blending indicates rearrangements). Colouring of the branches is by the number of rearrangements. The ring between paints and phylogeny indicates wether the chromosomal rearrangement was fusion dominated (brown) or fission dominated (teal) process.  
Photo credits: Udo Schmidt, Lech Borowiec, JL Tachet, David Navrátil, Fred Chevaillot, Siga, Cosmin Manci, John Hallmén, Igor Souza-Gonçalves, Alex Hyde, H. Coiffait, David Ignace, Yves Bousquet.
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David Milner @davemilbo.bsky.social · 23/07/2026
Here's my story from Pine Gap. "The fight to end the US military occupation of Australia (and the entire world)" It's a photo-essay this time because I took a tonne of pics, the country being this stunning, to help convey the Arrernte's struggle.
theshot.net.au
The fight to end the US military occupation of Australia (and the entire world) - The Shot
For 64 years – an insignificant speck of time under a sky this large – from a stolen, sacred site...
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kyleayers.bsky.social @kyleayers.bsky.social · 07/07/2026
Not saying that game was stolen from Egypt but it is now on display at museum in London.
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Andrew Carroll @acarroll.bsky.social · 01/07/2026
How good is MiniBWA, the successor to BWA? To test it, I ran MiniBWA on sequencing from 76 different species, comparing mapping speed, rate and accuracy with BWA MEM. In short, it's really good. If you map short reads, it's well worth your time. andrewcarroll.github.io/2026/06/30/t...
andrewcarroll.github.io
The Best of Both Worlds - Assessing MiniBWA
Recently, Heng Li released MiniBWA (GitHub) alongside a paper by Heng Li and Nils Homer describing the method (paper). MiniBWA builds on the approaches in Minimap2 (also by Heng Li), but falls back on...
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Mercè Montoliu Nerín @mmontonerin.bsky.social · 01/07/2026
Presenting my progress working with lichen genomics at #SMBE2026 in the symposium L04 Understanding adaptive evolution through the lens of hologenomics 🙆🏻‍♀️
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Katie Abson @katieabson.bsky.social · 30/06/2026
Our paper is out! 📣 we find that molecular measures of genetic variation do not predict heritable genetic variation across species - important implications for the application of genomic data for conservation! www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
pnas.org
Nucleotide diversity is a poor predictor of short-term adaptive potential | PNAS
The capacity to adapt is essential for a population to avoid extinction in a changing world and is recognized as a global conservation priority. Ad...
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Nils Homer @nilshomer.com · 28/06/2026
🚀 new bwa-mem3 is out. Why use it? - 🏛️keep using a bwa-mem variant (avoid revalidation/reprocessing) - 🚅 1.7x faster/20% less memory than bwa-mem2 - 🧬native methylation support (asymmetric scoring) - ✅ matches bwa-mem2 output - 👊opt-in knobs to go even 2x faster bwa-mem3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
bwa-mem3.readthedocs.io
Home - bwa-mem3
Accelerated short-read alignment, derived from bwa-mem2
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Heng Li @lh3lh3.bsky.social · 16/06/2026
Minibwa is a hybrid of bwa-mem and minimap2 and the successor of bwa-mem for short-read mapping. ~4X/2.5X as fast as bwa-mem/bwa-mem2 for WGS reads at comparable accuracy. Native support of directional bisulfite-seq. Applicable to long reads. Preprint at arxiv.org/abs/2606.15357
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Shannon Vallor @shannonvallor.bsky.social · 25/06/2026
Ask how many more shifts they’d let a surgeon work after a week in which they severely harmed 12-15% of their patients
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Clément Goubert @clementgoubert.bsky.social · 25/06/2026
Major development in the #Transposon world! Repbase is joining the Dfam project and becomes open-access! link.springer.com/article/10.1...
link.springer.com
Unifying Repbase and Dfam: a new open foundation for transposable element research - Mobile DNA
Repbase and Dfam, the two foundational resources for transposable element annotation, are being unified into a single, fully open access framework, with Repbase released under CC-0 and its core curati...
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Markella Moraitou @markella-morait.bsky.social · 21/06/2026
My main PhD paper is out on bioRxiv! 🎉 The microbiomes of wild animals, besides the gut, remain unexplored. To help remedy this, we used museum-preserved dental calculus to characterise the oral microbiome of 34 diverse mammal species. 💀🦠🦷 Read here: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
Phylum-level composition of the oral microbiome across 34 mammal species, representing 8 taxonomic orders, 4 dietary categories, and including 3 marine species.
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Mark A. Hanson @hansonmark.bsky.social · 24/06/2026
Over the moon! It's an incredible honour to be named a Lister Prize fellow. And excited to begin this project! We will be building genetic tools (esp. GAL4/UAS) in #Drosophila testacea, a non-model mushroom-feeding fly with a *natural balancer chromosome* to study immune evolution 🧬🪰🍄 1/2
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LIB @leibnizlib.bsky.social · 22/06/2026
Biodiversity doesn’t always arise through isolation. Genomic analyses of sailfin silversides from Sulawesi reveal that ancient and recent gene flow fueled their adaptive radiation, contributing to the evolution of unique forms within a single lake system. #LIBresearch © De Keyzer et al., CC BY 1/3
Map showing the Malili Lakes system location on Sulawesi on the left and a detailed map of Lake Matano with inflow river Lawa and outflow river Petea on the right, six sampling sites along the lake and one in the inflow marked, images of six fish species from the sharpfin and roundfin clades labeled with letters at top right and bottom right.
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Karolin Luger @nucleosomepolice.bsky.social · 20/06/2026
Please share this gift article from The New York Times with friends, family, sceptics, and People who think that studying weird things is a waste of money. Then follow up with meaningful discussion about what I call 'free range science'. Free without subscription. www.nytimes.com/2026/06/20/o...
nytimes.com
Opinion | The Science That Turned Lizard Venom Into GLP-1s Is Under Attack
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Nature @nature.com · 11/06/2026
Nature research paper: A 5.3-million-year-old deep-sea whale necropolis in the Diamantina Zone go.nature.com/4v1yiFk
go.nature.com
A 5.3-million-year-old deep-sea whale necropolis in the Diamantina Zone - Nature
Researchers uncovered an enormous deep-sea accumulation of whale remains in the southeastern Indian Ocean, showing long-term, specialized ecosystems and an extensive fossil record that offers new insight into deep-ocean biodiversity and whale evolutionary history.
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Susan Johnston @susanjohnston.bsky.social · 01/06/2026
📣🧬 Postdoc Alert🧬📣 We are hiring a 2+ year NERC-funded postdoc at Edinburgh Uni investigating causes and consequences of sex differences in recombination in house sparrows in Norway. Informal enquiries welcome at Susan.Johnston@ed.ac.uk 🙂 Details here: elxw.fa.em3.oraclecloud.com/hcmUI/Candid...
A female and male sparrow stand on a wooden post. Photo by Peter S. Ranke.
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Karen Hao @karenhao.bsky.social · 20/05/2026
On the one-year anniversary of EMPIRE OF AI, I am so, so excited to announce The AI Resist List, a new project that documents examples of resistance to the AI empires around the world 😍 airesistlist.org
The gorgeous AI Resist List homepage
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The EMBO Journal @embojournal.org · 18/05/2026
Host-transposable element coexistence: a matter of resistance, tolerance and trade-off Read this new review by Séverine Chambeyron, Charlotte Grimaud, Mikiko Siomi et al link.springer.com/article/10.1...
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404 Media @404media.co · 13/05/2026
“It's making me dumber for sure.”
404media.co
Software Developers Say AI Is Rotting Their Brains
“It's making me dumber for sure.”
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Stan van Pelt @stanvanpelt.nl · 10/05/2026
Meet the academics refusing to use generative AI www.nature.com/articles/d41...
nature.com
Meet the academics refusing to use generative AI
Researchers say they have their reasons for avoiding AI tools — and they’re sick of arguing about it.
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The Ferret @theferret.scot · 07/05/2026
Not all political donations are easy to trace. About 1 in 10 of donations to Scots parties come from ‘dark money’ groups that don’t have to reveal where their money comes from
theferret.scot
Businessmen and wealthy donors are bankrolling Scottish politics. Who are they?
The Ferret did a deep dive into the Electoral Commission’s donation records to find out who was funding Scotland's political parties.
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s. e. smith @sesmith.lol · 01/05/2026
Among many other things, generative AI is a labor rights issue. Professors are right to reject it and students are right to join the rebellion.
calmatters.org
Cal State struck a deal with OpenAI. Some students and faculty refuse to use it
California State University’s $17 million contract with OpenAI is up for renewal. Some say AI is crucial for the workforce. Others say it’s cheating.
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Brian Merchant @bcmerchant.bsky.social · 14/04/2026
Last week, a 20 year-old man threw a molotov cocktail at Sam Altman's mansion; two days later, people fired a gun at it. Earlier that week, someone fired gunshots into an city councilman's house who approved a data center. Why the AI backlash has turned violent:
bloodinthemachine.com
Why the AI backlash has turned violent
And why it's probably only going to get worse from here.
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Toby Baril @tobybarilbio.bsky.social · 09/04/2026
🎉 EarlGrey ParTEA v0.1.6 is here! Huge thanks to everyone who's tried the pipeline and shared feedback — your suggestions directly shaped these new features. 🍵 #TEworldwide #transposableelements #bioinformatics #genomics
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Jeremy Berg @jeremymberg.bsky.social · 07/04/2026
Solar eclipse from Artemis II. 😍😍😍😍😍 images-assets.nasa.gov/image/art002...
A solar eclipse (with the Earth blocking the sum) viewed from Artemis II.
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James Galbraith @gulbruth.bsky.social · 07/04/2026
Question for people who were alive for Bay of Pigs or other tense geopolitical moments like now: How did you focus on things other than the potential destruction of humanity?
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Brian Merchant @bcmerchant.bsky.social · 06/04/2026
Movements to shut down or ban data centers are amassing power and notching victories. Wikipedia has banned AI-generated content in articles. Publishers and entertainment studios are being pushed to reject AI-produced content outright. In other words: It's open season for refusing AI.
bloodinthemachine.com
It's open season for refusing AI
There's been a wave of successful efforts to ban, reject and shut down AI.
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Jathan Sadowski @jathansadowski.com · 01/04/2026
In the new TMK, we're joined by @katemac.bsky.social and @70sbachchan.bsky.social from @thepolycrisis.bsky.social to chat about the war in Iran, fossil fuel demand destruction, forced energy transitions, plus much more. www.patreon.com/posts/154551...
patreon.com
451. Do Not Become Addicted to Electrons (ft. Tim Sahay, Kate Mackenzie) | This Machine Kills
Get more from This Machine Kills on Patreon
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Nature @nature.com · 30/03/2026
Becoming a parent is much more detrimental to women’s academic careers than it is to men’s Read the full story: go.nature.com/4v4rxmQ
IMPACT OF PARENTHOOD ON UNIVERSITY EMPLOYMENT. Line graph shows how the probability of holding a research position changes from four years before to seven years after having children.
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Maggie Harrison Dupré @mharrisondupre.bsky.social · 30/03/2026
A new study found that sycophancy is a pervasive function of leading chatbots, which are likely to give users bad/antisocial advice when asked about real-world interpersonal conflicts -- warping users' judgement and promoting dependence. futurism.com/artificial-i...
futurism.com
Paper Finds That Leading AI Chatbots Like ChatGPT and Claude Remain Incredibly Sycophantic, Resulting in Twisted Effects on Users
A study found that sycophancy is pervasive among chatbots, and that bots are more likely than human peers to affirm a person's bad behavior.
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Larissa Waters @larissawaters.bsky.social · 30/03/2026
BREAKING: The Senate just set up a Greens-led inquiry into a 25% gas export tax. Big gas corporations are ripping us all off, paying almost no tax while people are hurting. This inquiry will expose gas corp greed, pushing govt for fairer tax & cost of living help in the budget.
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Greg Jericho @grogsgamut.bsky.social · 28/03/2026
These shitty laws will get slapped down by the High Court, but some poor person is going to have to go through that long horrific process www.theguardian.com/australia-ne...
theguardian.com
Brisbane artist contacted by police over works that allegedly violate new Queensland hate speech laws
James Hillier, known as Nordacious, told he could face jail time for some of his designs made in support of Palestine
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Mafalda Almeida 🇵🇹 🇪🇺 🇬🇧 @bluebuleta.bsky.social · 27/03/2026
Do you want to move to Oxford and join our lab? There is a computational biologist position open atm to develop and implement tools to analyse TE expression in single cell long read data and more. Apply! #TEsky #UniversityofOxford #postdoc
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Michael Habig @michaelhabig.bsky.social · 25/03/2026
Now out! We show that TEs can be horizontally transferred between fungal species via Starships. Once transferred, these TEs can become active, changing the genome organization and affecting the lifestyle of the recipient fungus. www.nature.com/articles/s41... @oggenfussursula.bsky.social #TEsky
nature.com
Transposable elements hitchhike on Starships across fungal genomes - Nature Communications
Large mobile genetic elements known as Starships act as vehicles for transferring transposable elements (TEs) between fungi. Here, Griem-Krey et al. show that these ‘hitchhiking’ TEs can drive rapid e...
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Ben Collins @bencollins.bsky.social · 24/03/2026
An unaccounted for part of the economy is how much young people virulently hate AI, despite how aggressively it's being forced on them. They realize it's making their friends dumber and ruining the world and they want nothing to do with it. From the Penn student paper: www.thedp.com/article/2026...
Goldman Sachs reports that 300 million full-time jobs could be replaced by AI by 2030. Labor turnover is high and hiring has slowed. 71% of Americans worry that AI will cause permanent job loss. As young people about to enter the workforce for the first time, the fear of unemployment is understandable, but we cannot save ourselves with the very tool that is putting us at risk.

The irony is that as Penn pours endless money and energy into AI advancement in its attempt to get ahead, the University is only quickening its own demise. AI cannot coexist with education — it can only degrade it. As technology advances and workers are replaced by machines, schools are some of the only places we have left to explore and wrestle with human thought. With our own university leading the charge, AI is now corrupting those few sacred spaces and leaving us with nowhere to engage in true scholarship. 

Editorials represent the majority view of members of The Daily Pennsylvanian Editorial Board who meet regularly to discuss issues relevant to the Penn community. This body is led by Editorial Board Chair Jack Lakis and is entirely separate from the newsroom. Questions or comments should be directed to letters@thedp.com.
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James Galbraith @gulbruth.bsky.social · 24/03/2026
After just 5 days over 350 staff and students from across the U of Edinburgh have signed our Open Letter calling on the University to end its contract with OpenAI. You can do this at your institution too. Find its "AI Principles", "Procurement Policy", etc and look for how they conflict with OpenAI
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Robert Evans (the Only Robert Evans) @iwriteok.bsky.social · 21/03/2026
Holy shit we might have a cure for sickle cell anemia
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