Eukaryotic cells regulate the assembly and activation of the essential DNA helicase at the heart of the chromosome replication machinery, to ensure that the chromosomes are copied just once per cell c...

The ubiquitin ligase HOIL-1 regulates the formation of Met1-linked (linear) ubiquitin chains through its coordination with the E3 ligase HOIP within the Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex (LUBAC)...

Bacterial pathogens have adapted secreted effector proteins that hijack host ubiquitination to gain control over host responses. These effectors can exhibit, for example, E3 ligase or deubiquitinase a...

To initiate the process of invasion, apicomplexan parasites must discharge the contents of specialized organelles called rhoptries into host cells. This process requires prior recognition and binding ...

Whole-genome duplication (WGD), leading to polyploidy can arise in physiological and pathological contexts. WGD can occur via non-canonical cell cycles such as mitotic slippage, cytokinesis failure or...

BRCA1-linked cancers contain abundant ~10 kb ‘Group 1’ tandem duplications (TDs). Group 1 TDs form at a Tus/Ter replication-fork barrier in DNA-end resection-defective mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells...

Epigenetic inheritance provides mutation-free mechanisms for phenotypic adaptation, including modifications to DNA or DNA-associated proteins that create patterns of heritable gene regulation. However...

Meiotic crossovers (COs) are tightly regulated to ensure chromosome segregation while limiting aberrant recombination. Transverse filament (TF) proteins of the synaptonemal complex (SC) regulate class...

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are multipotent migratory cells essential for cardiac development, yet the lineage trajectories and gene regulatory networks underlying their differentiation in the cardiopha...

Cells face a continual metabolic decision: should fatty acids be stored for later, or mobilized and burned for energy? Mitochondria sit at the heart of both processes. Although they are best known for...

Microtubules are key components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton involved in vital functions in virtually every cell. Among the emerging molecular mechanisms to adapt microtubules to their diverse funct...

The tumor suppressor KDM6A/UTX, a histone demethylase and a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, is frequently lost in many cancer types. We show that KDM6A loss pervasively activates oxidative phosp...

Arabinosyl (ara) nucleoside analogues such as vidarabine (araA) and cytarabine (araC) are antimetabolites known to inhibit DNA polymerases in isolation. However, their effects on DNA synthesis catalys...

Humoral immune responses rely on germinal center (GC) reactions to generate long-lasting antibody responses with affinity maturation. CD137 (4-1BB) agonists are known to exert inhibitory effects on B-...

Tau protein aggregates adopt distinct conformations across tauopathies, yet the protein interactions engaged by disease-specific polymorphs remain poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that confo...

Perforin-2 is a pore-forming protein localised to the endocytic compartments of dendritic cells and macrophages. It is reported to perform two distinct functions during immune responses: attacking int...

Protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) relies on N-linked glycosylation and glycan remodeling to guide quality control. Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules, essential...

Aging is a major contributor to the increasing incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), however the molecular events explaining aging-related nephropathies remains elus...

During each cell cycle, cells must not only duplicate the DNA sequence but also preserve the three-dimensional genome architecture required for gene regulation and DNA repair. After replication, this ...

Target-directed microRNA degradation (TDMD) is an emerging post-transcriptional mechanism that controls miRNA turnover, yet its role in human cancers remains largely unexplored. Here, we combine CRISP...

Multicellular cyanobacteria have evolved sophisticated cell–cell communication machinery to exchange, synchronize, and coordinate the efforts of individual cells. Analogous to gap junctions that have ...

Neoepitope-based therapies hold great promise for cancer immunotherapy because they target tumor-specific mutations and elicit potent anti-tumor T-cell responses. However, their clinical implementatio...

Macrophages can adopt diverse functional states in response to environmental cues, a process that is fundamentally controlled at the level of transcriptional regulation. In this review, we outline a h...

VCP/p97 is an AAA+ ATPase that, together with its cofactors UFD1-NPL4 (p97-UN), unfolds ubiquitylated substrates to maintain cellular homeostasis. The human p97-UN complex associates with additional c...

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a non-selective cation channel highly expressed in the skin and intestine. While its roles in itch and skin inflammation are established, the physio...

Prolonged translational arrests caused by defective mRNAs activate the ribosome-associated protein quality control (RQC) pathway, which marks harmful incomplete proteins for degradation. Multipass tra...

Multicellular cyanobacteria have evolved sophisticated cell–cell communication machinery to exchange, synchronize, and coordinate the efforts of individual cells. Analogous to gap junctions that have ...

Cells and tissue integrity are constantly challenged by the necessity to adapt and respond to mechanical loads. Among cellular components, the nucleus possesses mechano-sensing and mechanotransduction...

Prolonged translational arrests caused by defective mRNAs activate the ribosome-associated protein quality control (RQC) pathway, which marks harmful incomplete proteins for degradation. Multipass tra...

Cytoplasmic lattices (CPLs) are filamentous assemblies essential for mammalian embryonic development. They are known to regulate organelle organization, spindle assembly, and protein homeostasis, but ...

Inositol is an essential nutrient for most living organisms, as combinatorial phosphorylation on this cyclic sugar generates key cellular messengers, such as lipid-bound phosphoinositides (PtdInsPs), ...

Progressive aging of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) underlies clonal hematopoiesis and age-associated hematologic disorders. Defining early molecular events driving HSC functional decline...

Tissue regeneration after injury is crucial for restoring epithelial structure and function. Upon damage, a regenerative microenvironment forms that provides signalling cues that stimulate stem cell p...

Ion channels possess selectivity filters that are hardwired to ensure the selective passage of ions. Lysosomal two-pore channels are unusual as they are able to switch their cation selectivity in an a...

The Wnt family ligands carry a lipid moiety that must be shielded from the aqueous environment. During secretion, this is achieved by the cargo receptor Wntless. The effect of acute endocytosis inhibi...

Oxidative stress and genotoxic damage activate NF-κB signaling through intracellular pathways distinct from those initiated by membrane receptors. DNA damage selectively induces post-translational mod...

Plant plasma membrane proteins are organized into distinct domains; however, the principles that govern this spatial organization are not fully understood. HYPERSENSITIVE-INDUCED REACTION (HIR) protei...