The transcriptional regulation of oligodendrocytes has an essential role in myelin formation and maintenance. Here, the authors identify the transcription factor Tfii-i as a regulator of myelin genes expression in the nervous system and show that its loss enhances myelin thickness and nerve conduction.

Myelination of CNS axons requires oligodendrocytes to undergo extensive morphological changes by producing large amounts of myelin membrane with defined protein composition and structure. The formatio...

Nature Communications - Metformin is under clinical trial for brain neuroprotection but how it may work is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that metformin helps myelin formation by human...

The homeostasis of myelin in the central nervous system is highly regulated, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that the FBXW7 protein has a role in constraining myelin ...

Job Description Summary The Li Lab at MUSC is seeking a highly motivated and detail-oriented Research Specialist I to join our dynamic neuroscience research team. This position offers an excellent opp...

Author summary Oligodendrocytes are a special cell type in brain and spinal cord and form myelin sheaths around axons. Myelin sheaths are lipid-rich structures that are essential for the rapid transmi...

Infantile hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 19 (HLD19) is a rare genetic disorder where patients exhibit reduced myelin in central nervous system (CNS) white matter tracts and present with varied neurolo...

Optical microscopy allows neural cells to be studied in the intact brain, but imaging deep neural tissue presents substantial challenges. Prevedel and colleagues outline the principles of three-photon...

Neuron-microglia interactions dictate the development of neuronal circuits in the brain. However, the factors that regulate these processes across dev…

Axonal spheroids disrupt neural circuits in Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, using subcellular proximity labeling proteomics in human brain and iPSC modeling, the authors link spheroid formation to...

Three-photon in vivo imaging provides access to medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and spinal cord in mice at up to 1.7 mm depth of neurons, dendrites, spines, astrocytes and microglia.

Employing pharmacology, genetics and all-optical approaches in zebrafish, Braaker et al. find that neuronal activity influences the growth of myelin sheaths along axons by signaling through metabotrop...

Optical recording of intricate molecular dynamics is becoming an indispensable technique for biological studies, accelerated by the development of new…

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by immune cell-driven demyelination and progressive neurodegeneration. Senescent cells (SCs)...

Summary: Single-cell RNA sequencing of developing mouse visual cortex uncovers cell type-specific gene programs induced by sensory experience. All cell types mounted transcriptional responses to the e...

This Perspective provides a roadmap toward globally federated open data resources for bioimaging data.

Using magnetic resonance imaging on marathon runners, Ramos-Cabrer, Cabrera-Zubizarreta et al. report that the signal detected as a surrogate of myelin content is significantly reduced after exercise,...

Traditional peer review is slow, often delayed by the time-consuming process of identifying reviewers and lengthy review turnaround times. This study tests the feasibility of the Fast & Fair peer revi...

Glial cells are fundamental for the pathophysiology of all neurological disorders. Astrocytes, the primary homeostatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS), exhibit species-specific characteristi...

The impact of senescent cells on remyelination is unknown. Here, the authors show that treatment with senolytics following demyelination enhances remyelination in young, but not aged mice, and these e...

A first-in-class fluorescence lifetime-based FRET sensor for phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) enables the dynamic monitoring of PTEN activity in cultured cells and in vivo with high spatiotempora...

Glial cells were first defined by Rudolf Virchow in 1856. About 40 years later, glial research had developed into a field distinct from the mainstream study of neurons as the central elements governi...

Single-cell transcriptomic studies have identified distinct microglial subpopulations with shared and divergent gene signatures across development, aging and disease. Whether these microglial subsets ...

Remyelination can restore neural function. Here, the authors characterize the drivers and limits of endogenous remyelination and explore a therapy that rescued remyelination deficits and accelerated n...

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Protein kinase C modulation with bryostatin-1 enables innate immune cells in the central nervous system to promote myelin repair and regeneration.