Understanding how the brain supports flexible, goal-directed behavior is a central aim of neuroscience. Yet such behavior is highly variable and unfolds over long timescales, making it challenging to ...

Phasic reward prediction signals in ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons and basal forebrain (BF) noncholinergic bursting neurons are remarkably similar despite the distinct circuit…

Franch et al. show that human hippocampal neurons encode the meanings of the words we hear through distributed, context-sensitive population activity that mirrors some features of large language model...

Metabolic considerations for cognitive modeling - Volume 49

For nearly 150 years, textbooks have described dendritic morphology as optimized for efficient synaptic voltage transfer from spines to the soma, implemented as a tubular design respecting Rall’s 3/2 ...

Deep neural networks trained with different architectures, objectives, and datasets have been reported to converge on similar visual representations. However, what remains unknown is which visual prop...

Placing too much emphasis on a specific interpretation of dimensionality may lead neuroscience down the wrong path.

Using a combined approach of monkey electrophysiology, artificial neural networks and human psychophysics, Xue et al. show that neuronal interference from irrelevant information underlies behavioral e...

Structure your scientific research with AI-powered guidance. From hypothesis to methodology, plan your research paper with intelligent mentoring.

The study of cross-species differences in the organization of the cerebral cortex received significant attention during the past century. However, the evolutionary principles governing changes in bra...

Rapid learning, memory, and generalization are often attributed to circuits of the neocortex and hippocampus, but their specific role remains unclear. To examine these cognitive abilities together in ...

Neural network models can express computational hypotheses about brain information processing, but their high parametric capacity makes discriminating model alignment to experimental data challenging....

How can scientists watch the brain while it is working? In this article, I will tell you about a special research tool called two-photon microscopy. You will learn the basic idea behind how this technique works, why it can see deeper into tissues and more clearly than regular microscopes can, and how it helps researchers view tiny details inside the living brain without damaging the delicate tissues. I will also describe how two-photon microscopy came about almost by accident, and how new lens designs are now letting us study how the brain learns in real time.

Over the past decades, it has become increasingly clear that the complex morphology of cortical neurons is more than just a quirk of evolution, and that dendritic compartments serve as computational e...

Interactions between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC) are crucial for flexible and memory guided behaviour. Because there are no direct projections from PFC to HPC, it is widely presu...

Brain activity is complex but not arbitrary, and some patterns dominate others, with dimensionality describing how many such patterns exist. The authors show how brain connectivity controls dimensiona...

Hippocampal spatial coding depends on coordination among neuronal assemblies, yet how network topology organises information processing across these assemblies, and how this is disrupted in disease, r...

Difficult decisions require gathering evidence over extended periods, placing demands on working memory. Yet, how working memory limitations affect decision-making remains largely unknown. We trained ...

vCA1 drives flexible adaptation to new rules by detecting perseverative error signals, while dCA1 stabilizes learned information.

When preparing a scientific paper, we typically write with coauthors who have different backgrounds and styles, and we target readers who have little time and patience. To help both readers and writer...

Two-photon calcium imaging is a standard tool for measuring neuronal population activity in vivo , yet how axial resolution, sensor expression strategy, and analysis pipeline jointly affect data accur...

Behaviour of human participants in a prey-pursuit task reflects dynamic blending of goal-specific control policies, with hippocampus estimating latent states, anterior cingulate cortex orchestrating p...

How does a brain wire itself, starting from a single cell, using only the information encoded in a genome? We pose this as an engineering problem.