Axon myelination can tune neuronal circuits through placement and modulation of different patterns of myelin sheaths on distinct types of axons. How myelin formation is coordinated on distinct axon classes remains largely unknown. Recent work indicates neuronal activity and vesicle release promote myelin formation, and myelin-producing oligodendrocytes express canonical postsynaptic factors that potentially facilitate oligodendrocyte-axon interaction for myelin ensheathment. Here, we examined whether the inhibitory postsynaptic scaffold protein Gephyrin (Gphn) mediates selective myelination of specific axon classes in the larval zebrafish. Consistent with this possibility, Gphn was enriched in myelin on GABAergic and glycinergic axons. In gphnb deficient larval oligodendrocytes, myelin sheaths were longer and the frequency of myelin placement on GABAergic axons was reduced. Collectively, our results indicate that oligodendrocyte lineage cells use Gphn to promote myelin formation on GAB

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 09 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01281-0Tunnelling nanotubes enable mitochondria to be transferred between glioblastoma cells and astrocytes, new research has shown.

New experiments reveal how astrocytes tune neuronal activity to modulate our mental and emotional states. The results suggest that neuron-only brain models, such as connectomes, leave out a crucial la...

Nature Neuroscience - Senne, Suthard and colleagues show that dorsal hippocampal astrocytes display time-compressed calcium-event sequences after foot shock and upon context re-exposure, and that...

Caban-Murillo et al. show that, during approach-avoidance conflict, prelimbic cortex ensembles are recruited to represent reward and punishment through distinct network patterns. Both ensembles are ne...

The brain is far more than neurons. Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes orchestrate neural health through chemical signalling that can pro… #Astrocytes #Brainhealth #Cognitivehealth #Glialcells #Neuroinflammation

A study in mice shows that learning induces c-Fos expression in a subset of astrocytes in the hippocampus, and that ensembles of these learning-associated astrocytes are involved in the recall of memo...

Star-shaped astrocytes use Ank2 proteins to physically stabilize engram neurons and preserve remote memories.

Learning and memory were long thought to be the domains of neurons and neural networks, but recent work across brain systems has established that astrocytes pla...

We recently described astrocyte pro-inflammatory epigenetic memory based on multiple complementary in vivo and in vitro studies, and the analysis of multiple sclerosis samples. Based on bioinformatic ...

In mice, motherhood induces transcriptional changes in the brain that endure beyond short-term hormonal shifts. Postpartum stress disrupts these patterns.

These glial cells are increasingly linked to neurodevelopmental conditions and the regulation of social behaviors and anxiety.

The soaring cost and limited supply of computer memory is slowing some projects — and spurring creative approaches.

Researchers from the NeuroAD group (Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease) within the Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology at the University of Málaga, also affiliated with IBIMA–BIONAND Platform and CIBERNED, have made a pioneering breakthrough in the fight against this disease by identifying astrocytes as a promising cellular target for the development of future therapies.

Memory is a cornerstone of human behavior, and addiction offers a compelling model of its persistence and plasticity. The scope of engram research has rapidly expanded to include addiction-related ph....

The role of the hippocampus in resolving memory interference has been greatly elucidated by considering the relationship between the similarity of visual stimuli (input) and corresponding similarity o...

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy - Rapid amyloid-β clearance and cognitive recovery through multivalent modulation of blood–brain barrier transport

Hansford et al. show that GIPR, a target of new weight-loss drugs, is found in brain cells called oligodendrocytes. GIPR helps these drugs access the brain and boosts weight loss. Without GIPR in these cells, the drugs are less effective, revealing a new mechanism behind their action.