Memory CD8+ T cells can undergo TCR-dependent or -independent activation. Here, Lee et al. show that IL-15-induced bystander activation of human memory CD8+ T cells is suppressed by concurrent TCR signaling through NFATc1-AP-1 interactions. Furthermore, they validate a bystander activation gene set induced by IL-15 and decreased upon TCR stimulation.

Antigen-specific and functionally stable Treg cells can be generated in vitro from effector/memory T cells for cell therapy of inflammatory diseases.

Transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms governing T cell exhaustion substantially impact immunotherapy effectiveness. In this Review, Kang et al. outline epigenetic regulatory programmes that i...

CD8+ resident memory T (Trm) cells surveil tissues, acting as frontline sentinels of infection. Joag et al. find that, in primates, systemic vaccination promotes a Trm cell response in barrier compartments, where Trm cells conscript neighboring cells within the stromal, parenchymal, and hematopoietic compartments to amplify and diversify the adaptive immune response.

Transcriptional initiation and termination decisions drive messenger RNA (mRNA) isoform diversity but the relationship between them remains poorly understood. By systematically profiling joint usage o...

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte target recognition triggers rapid nuclear polarization to the immune synapse and an early transcriptional burst of cytokines.

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major global healthcare problem. Irrespective of cause, chronic damage to the liver results in fibrosis, which is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Immune cel...

Beyond exhaustion, CD8+ T cells can adopt various dysfunctional states, including tolerant, anergic, senescent, ignorant and dying states, that compromise their ability to eradicate viruses or tumours...

Cancer-associated fibroblasts represent a functionally diverse and heterogeneous entity within the solid tumor microenvironment. Mitochondrial transfer from cancer cells to fibroblasts is now shown to...

Neuro-immune interactions within barrier organs, such as lung, gut, and skin, are crucial in regulating tissue homeostasis, inflammatory responses, and host defence. Our rapidly advancing understandin...

Natural intraepithelial T lymphocytes (T-IELs) are innate-like, intestine-resident T cells essential for gut homeostasis. These cells express self-reactive T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) due to thymi...

Nature Communications - Here the authors show that lung epithelial, fibroblast, and endothelial cells retain an imprint of influenza A infection, including increased MHCI/II expression and that...

CD8+ T cells isolated from male donors exhibit greater IL-15–driven bystander activation, NKG2D expression, and cytotoxicity than female CD8+ cells. This study reveals a sex-based difference in innat....