A scalable library of ∼13,000 barcoded viral open reading frames from >500 viral species enables functional genomic screens across the virome. Applying this platform identified viral regulators of cellular proliferation, antigen presentation, and interferon signaling. This platform enables systematic exploration of viral protein function.

The Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP) aims to produce complete and near-error-free reference genomes for all ∼70,000 extant vertebrate species. Organized in four phases, it progressively targets all ve...

Protein biogenesis is a stress- and error-sensitive process that can lead to nascent protein misfolding and aggregation, challenging cellular proteostasis. Co-translational ubiquitination (CTU) is a c...

The metabolite αKG promotes carnitine synthesis and increases site-specific histone acetylation, thereby promoting homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair, which has potential implications f...

Nature Cell Biology - This Perspective highlights the failures of an ageing cell in properly maintaining mRNA health at the various steps of the mRNA life cycle that result in vulnerability to...

Millions of new proteins with predicted roles in defence against viruses have been identified in bacteria. It was thought that around 0.5% of the average bacterial genome had some involvement in immun...

Cas12a2 enables RNA-triggered, sequence-specific killing of eukaryotic cells via widespread DNA shredding, allowing selective elimination of cells on the basis of gene expression, including virus-infe...

A large-scale proteomics analysis of the dark proteome by the TransCODE Consortium reveals many translated non-canonical open reading frames to encode microproteins and peptideins.

A large-scale proteomics analysis of the dark proteome by the TransCODE Consortium reveals many translated non-canonical open reading frames to encode microproteins and peptideins.

Abstract. Non-canonical (i.e. unannotated) open reading frames (ncORFs) have until recently been omitted from reference genome annotations, despite evidenc

Langstein-Skora, Schmid, Huth et al. propose that intrinsically disordered region functionality can be driven by the interplay between linear binding motifs and contextual chemical characteristics suc...

For at least a century, major scientific research initiatives have reliably occurred in the United States, usually in response to geopolitical competition. This helped establish the country’s status a...

Hanahan revisits the evolving framework of cancer hallmarks, synthesizing 25 years of conceptual refinement into a multidimensional view of tumor biology. This review highlights how aberrant capabilit...

The C-termini often regulate protein biological functions through specific structures or modifications. Small open reading frame-encoded peptides (SEPs) make up a novel class of gene expression products that participate in various biological activities. Their C-termini have also been found to affect their function, but the polymorphism of SEPs’ C-termini has not yet been systematically elucidated. Using C-terminal proteomics, we identified 3636 C-terminal peptides from 2168 proteins in three human cancer cell lines, including 3364 peptides from 1901 classical proteins and 272 peptides from 267 SEPs. Approximately 20% of all of the identified C-terminal peptides had been reported in previous studies, originating from mRNA alternative splicing or protease cleavage, while more than 85% of the C-terminal peptides from SEPs were novel. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that most new SEP C-termini are likely produced by protease cleavage by the KLK, MMP, and CAT protease families. Others without accurately predicted hydrolysis sites may originate from alternative splicing or protein trimming. The intact and hydrolysis products of some SEPs were verified by immunoblotting. Some cleavage occurs in the predicted domain, which might affect SEPs’ function. This study enriches the SEP sequence information, provides experimental evidence for SEP in vivo processing, and supports the subsequent functional analysis of SEP.

The Senate voted to provide billions more to NASA, NOAA and the National Science Foundation than the president had asked for.

Mathematics has long provided a quantitative framework to interpret cancer biology and treatment. Driven by richer biological and clinical data, the field has evolved into a multidisciplinary and translational endeavor - giving rise to Mathematical Oncology. Yet, the field's strong interdisciplinarity obscures a comprehensive view of its evolution, as well as the boundaries between Mathematical Oncology and adjacent domains. Here, we address this gap through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis spanning 75 years of mathematical research in oncology. Using a manually curated corpus (~1,500 papers) and a large query-based dataset (~19,000 papers), we map the field's conceptual and collaborative development over time. Independent analyses reveal sustained growth, high impact, and pronounced interdisciplinarity, together with a gradual shift from fundamental cancer biology toward therapeutic modeling. This reorientation underpins the emergence of Mathematical Oncology as a distinct field, separate from Systems Biology and Pharmacokinetics / Pharmacodynamics. We show how diverse concepts interlace within Mathematical Oncology, bridging applied mathematics, optimal control, evolutionary theory, and imaging. Collectively, we demonstrate that Mathematical Oncology is not merely the application of mathematics to cancer, but the use of interpretable models integrating clinical, biological, and physical knowledge to improve screening, understand disease evolution, guide therapy, and strengthen forecasting. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. NCI, U54CA274507 Wenner-Gren Stiftelserna/the Wenner-Gren Foundations, WGF2022-0044 Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas, RP220225 National Science Foundation, DMS 2436499 MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF/EU, PID2023-146347OA-I00 MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ESF+, RYC2022-036010-I

The US president vowed to ‘end childhood cancer’. But his administration is dismantling the search for a cure and sending families scrambling for treatment

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Humpback whale genomes reflect shifts in whaling practices and their potential impact on the animals’ adaptive capacity.