Two UK DRI-led projects have been funded by the new Dementia Challenge, which aims to accelerate the adoption of innovative technologies and practices that will diagnose and predict how the disease wi...

Background Repetitive exposure to mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI) increases the risk for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VC...

Sex differences have traditionally been attributed to gonadal hormones, but accumulating evidence shows that sex chromosomes exert distinct, cell-autonomous effects on health, aging, and disease. XX a...

Researchers in the field are right to focus on biosafety, ethics and the involvement of patient groups and the public.

New anatomical evidence reclassifies Westlothiana as an aquatic stem tetrapod, showing that terrestrial limb adaptations evolved mosaically in transitional amphibious environments before crown tetrapods emerged.

The New York Times obtained more than 1,000 pages from the university’s internal inquiry into accusations by “Jane Doe.” Here are the revelations so far.

Gender-based violence hasn’t had the same visibility as other student movements, experts say.

The DA vows to pursue any additional evidence after the woman’s lawsuit prompted him to reopen the case.

Prosecutors in central New York say they are reopening the case of alleged gang rape at a Cornell University fraternity.

An updated phylogeny of bats is presented, based on new genome assemblies and many ancient fossils and including all known bat families.

By the Stand Up for Science Team

Clonal barcoding across the newborn mouse forebrain reveals developmental principles whereby glutamatergic neurons and astrocytes remain locally derived, whereas widely dispersed GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric acid-producing) lineages link neurons with oligodendrocyte precursor cells.

Modified medication targets the cells implicated in the condition’s tell-tale lesions.

ObjectiveTo identify and characterize myeloid cell populations within the CSF of patients with MS and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) disorder by high-resolution single-cell gene expres...

A mode of bidirectional microglia–neuron crosstalk through Hex–GM2–MGL2 and centred around GM2 ganglioside turnover is essential for homeostatic regulation of central nervous system membrane component...

Brain-restricted allogeneic transplantation of myeloid progenitors enables microglia replacement without the need for genetic engineering or systemic cytotoxic preconditioning.

Human microglia transplanted in the mouse brain mount a multipronged response to amyloid-β pathology, displaying unique transcriptional states. Alzheimer’s disease risk genes are differentially regula...

Liu et al. developed a platform to identify transcription factors (TFs) that turn stem cells into desired cell types. They discovered six key TFs that produce microglia efficiently, enhancing cell dif...

Dräger et al. establish a rapid, scalable platform for iPSC-derived microglia. CRISPRi/a screens uncover roles of disease-associated genes in phagocytosis, and regulators of disease-relevant microglia...

Cell type–specific regulatory elements in the human brain reveal noncoding variants associated with neurological diseases.

Neuronal somata possess specialized, preformed sites through which microglia monitor their status and exert neuroprotection.

Microglia are CNS-resident macrophages that scavenge debris and regulate immune responses. Proliferation and development of macrophages, including microglia, requires Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Recep...

INTRODUCTION Neighborhood deprivation increases dementia risk, although mechanisms remain unclear. We tested a framework in which modifiable risk factors and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) medi...

Dai et al. identify a microglial osteopontin (SPP1)-integrin β1 feedback program that sustains mechanical allodynia after thalamic hemorrhage. Genetic and pharmacological experiments place CC-chemokin...

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is the gold standard for treatment of globoid cell leukodystrophy, also called Krabbe disease. Aisenberg et al. define the molecular signature of disease-associated ...

Specialized immune cells called border-associated macrophages (BAMs) guard the brain’s outer tissues, where they help maintain homeostasis and protect against disease. In this review, Vara-Pérez and Movahedi explore how BAMs develop, how they can be classified, what roles they play, and why they matter for brain health. The authors integrate recent discoveries to highlight how BAMs support and defend the brain.

Replacing brain macrophages holds substantial therapeutic promise but remains challenging. Bastos et al. uncover the requirements for monocytes to replace microglia and border-associated macrophages. ...

Microglia replacement is reshaping neurodegenerative disease therapy, yet its key prerequisites remain unclear. In the current issue of Immunity, Aise…