Turner et al. show that alterations in circulating B cell number and function predict the development of ICI-colitis in mice and patients. Using a murine model of subclinical intestinal inflammation, the authors highlight a unique pathogenic role for B cells in ICI-colitis development preceding the hallmark proinflammatory T cell phenotypes.

(Cell Metabolism 38, 694–711.e1–e8; April 7, 2026)

Anhedonia is a core symptom of postpartum depression, yet the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that postpartum biological adaptations,…

Single-cell sequencing technologies have revealed the transcriptional diversity of microglia, the brain-resident macrophage population. In this issue, Stevens and colleagues discuss how microglia adapt to different brain contexts and how this shapes their states and function.

Petry et al. demonstrate a defined migration route of microglia progenitors from the surrounding mesenchyme into the embryonic CNS. This process relies on integrin activation and interactions with the...

Leach et al. utilize mutant zebrafish lines to identify microglia as a critical immune cell type involved in ocular tissue regeneration after retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) ablation. Phagocytic clearance of injury site debris and il34 were identified as immune-related mechanisms driving the RPE regenerative response.

How distinct hematopoietic waves generate specialized macrophage lineages remains unclear. Chen et al. identify separate transcriptional pathways controlling macrophage development during primitive versus definitive hematopoiesis and identify Maf and Jun as key regulators of Zeb2 expression that drive microglia formation during primitive hematopoiesis, revealing a unique regulatory program for microglia development.

This international consensus statement synthesizes key findings on the complex roles of microglia and macrophages (tumor-associated microglia/macrophages or TAMs) in glioma progression and therapeutic...

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) have traditionally been examined from the perspectives of neurons or microglia, resulting in constrained therapeutic achieveme...

CONCLUSIONS: Perceived headache responses to exercise are highly heterogeneous and vary according to migraine burden and clinical characteristics. These findings underscore the importance of individualized clinical counseling over uniform exercise recommendations in migraine m...

Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are recognized for their heterogeneity and integral role in brain function and diseases. In the context of high fat diet (HFD) feedin...

Alcohol’s brain effects are attributed to neurons, leaving microglial functional involvement untested. Paouri, Stanko, et al. show that microglia drive alcohol-induced sedation, motor impairment, and ...

Microglia clear intraneuronal α-synuclein aggregates.

Abstract figure legend This study utilizes THCreERT2GCaMP6 mice, which express GCaMP6 in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive C-LTMRs neurons, to perform in vivo calcium imaging. This approach allows for th...

Three preprints expand the list of high-confidence autism-linked genes and reveal how variants in these genes contribute to genetic susceptibility.

Wood technology likely played a key role in human evolution, yet it remains poorly documented because organic materials rarely preserve in archaeological contexts. The Middle Palaeolithic site of Abri...

Space radiation and microgravity pose significant health risks for astronauts conducting deep space exploration. The impact of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and weightlessness alone, and their…

Yu and colleagues demonstrate that α-synuclein pathology within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) compromises neuronal excitability and drives Parkinson’s disease-related gastrointestinal dysmotility through alteration of a fundamental DMV–gut circuit. Electroacupuncture reactivates this circuit ameliorating this functional deficit.

Researchers pair active learning with geometric deep learning to predict the outcome and site selectivity of chemical reactions from scarce data, guiding experiments that accelerate drug discovery and...

How genome organisation contributes to the evolution of biological complexity is poorly understood. This study shows evolutionary changes in 3D genome architecture rewires gene regulation in coleoid c...

For some time, tau has been an enigmatic protein. Aggregations of tau form the tangles reported by Alois Alzheimer as one of the features of Alzheimer’s disease. Tau is thought to stabilize microtubul...

The mechanisms by which mitochondria are transferred between cells and how intercellular mitochondria transfer regulates physiological processes and disease pathogenesis are discussed.

Hees et al. identify a mechanism that integrates insulin signalling with distal mitochondrial quality control in neurons via AMPK/PINK1, with implications for mitochondrial dysfunction in the context ...

The intestinal epithelium undergoes continuous regeneration driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) residing within the crypt niche. Traditionally, this niche has been viewed as a stromal signaling compartment governed by gradients of Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein, and Notch activity. However, recent advances have revealed regulation via far more complex multicellular networks integrating stromal, immune, vascular, neuronal, and glial signals. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence positioning the enteric nervous system as a regulator of epithelial differentiation, regeneration, and mucosal immunity. Collectively, these findings support a revised model in which the ISC niche functions as an extended neuroglial-immune sensory unit. Understanding this integrated regulatory architecture may provide new therapeutic opportunities for inflammatory bowel disease, infection, impaired regeneration, and neuroimmune disorders of the gut.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 06 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01270-3Clinical decision-making in ischaemic stroke relies mainly on examination and imaging, which offer limited insight into underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, the authors propose a six-phase roadmap for bringing molecular biomarkers into clinical practice, focusing on establishing context of use, assay development, clinical validation and biomarker-guided trials.

In 1896, the city of Bombay recorded its first case of bubonic plague, a disease which would grow to claim 10 million lives over the following decade as the government stumbled after a consistent heal...

Neurons face unique challenges in maintaining protein homeostasis due to their tortuous morphology and extended processes. Proteolytic organelles are typically transported retrogradely towards their s...