Tissue-resident γδ T cells mount rapid, innate-like stress responses that require γδ T cell receptor signalling, revealing lineage-specific receptor dependence that underpins their conserved roles in immunosurveillance and informs therapeutic deployment.

Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 29 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01357-4In this Perspective, the authors use examples from evolution, animal models of disease and clinical results to explore how IFNγ, a quintessential antipathogen cytokine, also has a fundamental role in tissue homeostasis and organ function through its effects on non-haematopoietic structural cells.

Voyaging gut-derived immune cells ‘remember’ past stomach infections in mice.

Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 02 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01345-8This Review summarizes our current understanding of the immunological roles of IL-33 and the IL-33 receptor, also known as ST2. The authors focus on the effects of IL-33 in different disease settings, including infections, cancer, autoimmunity, chronic inflammation and allergy. They further discuss emerging clinical data from studies targeting IL-33 receptor signalling in disease.

Lipids generated by oxidative stress and their effects on immunity and cancer are reviewed.

Zhong et al. demonstrate that HDAC10 drives neutrophilic airway inflammation by promoting Th17 cell differentiation in asthma. HDAC10 deacetylates STAT3 at K631, a modification critical for Il-17a transcription. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of HDAC10 suppresses Th17 cell responses and alleviates severe asthma pathology, revealing HDAC10 as a potential therapeutic target.

Supported by both experimental and human data, this study reveals that poor sleep weakens immune responses to influenza vaccination and increases infection risk, highlighting sleep as a modifiable det...

Nature - Researchers are racing to regrow the thymus, an ephemeral immune organ, in the hope that it will slow ageing.

Aging disrupts tissue homeostasis across organ systems. Here, we identify tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) as central coordinators of age-related organ decline through impaired clearance of senescen...

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is dysregulated in glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness. Immune contributions to IOP maintenance are poorly understood. Liu et al. reveal that long-lived resident tissue macrophages have a specialized role in IOP homeostasis by regulating extracellular matrix turnover. These findings identify an integral homeostatic role for tissue-resident macrophages in resistance-generating tissues that are dysfunctional in glaucoma.

Ruslan Medzhitov shares his thoughts on the balance between generating data and developing theories in immunology, with a focus on exploring the rules that govern complex systems.

Mycobacterial α-glucans target dectin-1, altering phagosomal maturation and enhancing intracellular bacterial survival.

Atakkatan et al. identify a distinct subset of C3+IL-33+ adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) that drives allergic inflammation by maintaining ILC2 responses. In turn, ILC2-derived IL-13 supports AF function, thus engaging in a pro-allergic dialogue that promotes type 2 immunity.

Mapping of the neutrophil compartment using single-cell transcriptional data from multiple physiological and patological states reveals its organizational architecture and how cell state dynamics and trajectories vary during health, inflammation and cancer.

Alternative to the formation of NETs, André et al. describe here that viable neutrophils may release a fibrillar component named proteoglycofili or PGF upon stimulation. PGF formation is associated wi...

Macrophage-toxic bacteria from patients with ulcerative colitis worsen gut inflammation in mice