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How different are males and females? In physiology we mostly treat that as a fixed property of a species, something to control for.
In mice, we found it is not fixed at all. It depends on what the animal ate while growing up.
biorxiv.org
Juvenile protein restriction compresses sexual dimorphism in mice
Sexual dimorphism is canonically understood as a fixed adult trait, scaled by gonadal hormones at puberty, but whether its magnitude is shaped earlier in life by juvenile nutrition during the post-wea...