IceCube is the first kilometer-scale neutrino detector. Built primarily for neutrino astronomy, it has recently discovered events with energies above 100 TeV that are likely to be from distant sources...

Modern microscopy generates data volumes that far exceed human analytical capacity. Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed microscopy image analysis into an engine for quan...

The criminal defendant is an undertheorized social actor in the era of mass criminalization. This article introduces two complementary frameworks to stimulate theory-building on defendants’ subjectivi...

Computational developments—particularly artificial intelligence—are reshaping social scientific research and raising new questions for in-depth methods such as ethnography and qualitative interviewing...

Viruses dominate the deep-ocean biosphere (>200-m depth) yet remain profoundly understudied. As the most abundant biological entities on Earth, they govern the geochemistry, evolution, and ecology ...

Health information technology tools, including electronic health records, are ubiquitous in healthcare across the United States. Despite the promise and opportunity of these tools, their benefits have...

Annual Reviews have been on a steady growth trajectory these last few years, so we sat down with Richard Gallagher to learn more about their latest acquisition.

Class switch recombination (CSR) enables B cells to diversify antibody effector functions while preserving antigen specificity. This process involves activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)–mediat...

From a microstructural standpoint, chocolate is a suspension of solid particles—including cocoa solids, sugar crystals, and sometimes milk solids—in a continuous lipid (cocoa butter) phase. The propor...

Geminiviruses employ multifunctional protein ammunition to evade robust plant defense pathways. Key viral proteins effectively manipulate host signaling mechanisms to create a permissive environment f...

Extracellular interactions are pivotal in the plant–pathogen arms race. Fungal, bacterial, and oomycete pathogens manipulate the apoplast to control pH, water soaking, sugar levels, and nutrient avail...