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Nicole Grajewski

@nicolegrajewski.bsky.social
12K followers 482 following 749 posts

Assistant Professor at Sciences Po CERI | Associate with Harvard’s Managing the Atom | working on nuclear issues involving Russia and Iran | author of Russia and Iran: Partners in Defiance from Syria to Ukraine (OUP/Hurst)

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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
ICDS Tallinn @icds-tallinn.bsky.social · 23/09/2026
Deterrence à la Carte: French, American and British Nuclear Roles in a New Security Environment - @hfayet.bsky.social - @mgmessmer.bsky.social - Zuzanna Gwadera - Michaela Dodge Moderator: @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social Night owl session hosted by @ifri.bsky.social
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
Hurst Publishers @hurstpublishers.bsky.social · 30/04/2026
🇮🇷 🇷🇺 Happy publication day to @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social and ‘Russia and Iran’, which charts the two countries’ relationship from tenuous alignment to robust partnership! ‘Deeply insightful & fascinating.’ @michaelkofman.bsky.social 25% off w/code RUSSIAIRAN25 ➡️ tinyurl.com/mtnsrhzv
A picture of a pile of 'Russia and Iran' books on an aqua background with the quotation: ‘A deeply insightful and fascinating account charting the Russian partnership with Iran, its history and role in shaping geopolitical developments in the Middle East, and beyond.’ — Michael Kofman, Senior Fellow, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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Hurst Publishers @hurstpublishers.bsky.social · 15/04/2026
🎙️🇷🇺🇮🇷 Listen to our author of 'Russia and Iran: Partners in Defiance from Syria to Ukraine' @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social on Times Radio: 👉 tinyurl.com/58satj3t
Book cover of Russia and Iran next to ways to listen to Times radio: DAB, Smart Speaker, Online, and Times radio app.
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
Sam Lair @slair.bsky.social · 23/04/2026
@nicolegrajewski.bsky.social has a great post on her substack folks should read! (I am biased because it cites the fabulous work Carl Parkin did last summer) I think I shared some of Nicole's biases on how quickly Iran could regenerate launchers and for how long open.substack.com/pub/axesanda...
open.substack.com
Revisiting Iran's Missile and Drone Campaign
An early reflection on my writing and thinking during the war
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
Hurst Publishers @hurstpublishers.bsky.social · 14/04/2026
🇮🇷 🇷🇺 Advance stock available: the much-anticipated ‘Russia and Iran’ by @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social is now shipping! ‘A fresh understanding of this relationship. Compelling and well supported by evidence.’ @hamidrezaaz.bsky.social 25% off w/code RUSSIAIRAN25 tinyurl.com/mtnsrhzv
Print book cover and e-reader version of 'Russia and Iran: Partners in Defiance from Syria to Ukraine' showing text with symbols from each country including drones.
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
glykosymoritis @glyko.bsky.social · 11/04/2026
The potential collapse of Iran, a valuable partner for Russia, poses a concern for Putin’s regime. Iran’s unique revolutionary logic, regional reach, and ability to confront US power make it irreplaceable for Russia www.nytimes.com/2026/04/10/o... By @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social #putinism #Islamism
Iran is not a client of Russia's. It is a state with its own revolutionary logic, its own regional reach and its own willingness to confront American power. During this war, by militarizing the Strait of Hormuz, it has demonstrated that it can generate effects that will be quickly and amply felt across the world. It can exert pressure on the United States in ways that Russia, bogged down in Ukraine, cannot. If anything, for Russia these past few weeks have demonstrated precisely Iran's worth.
Iran's path to ending the war on acceptable terms will narrow if fighting resumes and could close entirely if the fighting continues at length. If the Islamic republic falls, no other country in Russia's orbit can fill its role. China is too integrated into the global economy. North Korea, which has supplied Russia with weapons and soldiers in Ukraine, cannot project power far beyond the Korean Peninsula.
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Project on Managing the Atom @managingtheatom.bsky.social · 13/04/2026
@nicolegrajewski.bsky.social: "Mr. Putin has spent years building a coalition of the discontented around the premise that authoritarian states can outlast Western pressure... Iran, which has absorbed the most pressure and held the longest, is his proof of concept." www.nytimes.com/2026/04/10/o...
nytimes.com
Opinion | For Putin, Iran Is Something Close to Irreplaceable
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
Project on Managing the Atom @managingtheatom.bsky.social · 30/03/2026
In an NPR interview, @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social describes Kharg Island as the “crown jewel” of Iran’s oil infrastructure, highlighting the potential consequences of a US seizure: www.npr.org/2026/03/26/n...
npr.org
Analysts say potential US operation to seize Iran's Kharg Island would be risky
The Pentagon is considering the seizure of Iran's Kharg Island. It's a risky operation, and Iran could retaliate by targeting the biggest energy facilities in the Gulf, sending prices soaring.
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
Ankit Panda @nktpnd.bsky.social · 27/03/2026
"The United States can only determine with certainty that it has destroyed about a third of Iran's vast missile arsenal" www.reuters.com/world/middle...
reuters.com
Exclusive: U.S. can only confirm about a third of Iran's missile arsenal destroyed, sources say
The assessment, which has not been previously reported, shows that while most of Iran's missiles are either destroyed or inaccessible, Tehran still has a significant missile inventory.
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Ankit Panda @nktpnd.bsky.social · 24/03/2026
I've said this before, but part of why I continue to be bleak on prospects of prompt war termination are because Iran has *very strong incentives* to continue pain infliction (against the US/Israel/GCC and the broader world) to deter a future war by credibly communicating the magnitude of costs.
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Ankit Panda @nktpnd.bsky.social · 24/03/2026
Much of this is also a consequence of how Iran mismanaged its post-Oct 2023 approach to deterrence, as @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social and I discussed last week; the new constellation of Iranian leaders have learned: www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/stunnin...
foreignaffairs.com
The Stunning Failure of Iranian Deterrence
And why it augurs a more dangerous world.
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
Carnegie Politika @ceip-politika.bsky.social · 19/03/2026
🎧 NEW EPISODE of the Carnegie Politika podcast: @alexgabuev.bsky.social, @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social, and Sergey Vakulenko discuss what the war in Iran means for Moscow. How does it affect Russian influence in the region, and its position on global energy markets?
carnegieendowment.org
How Is the Iran War Affecting Russia? With Nicole Grajewski and Sergey Vakulenko
Podcast host Alex Gabuev is joined by his colleagues Nicole Grajewski, a non-resident fellow at Carnegie Endowment and the author of Russia and Iran: Partners in Defiance from Syria to Ukraine, and Se...
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
Foreign Affairs @foreignaffairs.com · 19/03/2026
The United States’ actions in Iran are making nuclear weapons look “more attractive than ever,” warn @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social and @nktpnd.bsky.social. Today, “would-be nuclear states understand the urgency of developing a weapon in secret.”
fam.ag
The Stunning Failure of Iranian Deterrence
And why it augurs a more dangerous world.
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Carnegie Endowment @carnegieendowment.org · 19/03/2026
Iran’s weakening deterrence capabilities point to a deeper strategic problem unfolding today. @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social and @nktpnd.bsky.social unpack the forces behind Iran’s military expansion and the vulnerabilities now coming forward: www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/stunnin...
foreignaffairs.com
The Stunning Failure of Iranian Deterrence
And why it augurs a more dangerous world.
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Nicole Grajewski @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social · 19/03/2026
In our new @foreignaffairs.com piece, @nktpnd.bsky.social and I examine how Iran’s deterrent unraveled and what that failure signals for future nuclear aspirants. www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/stunnin...
foreignaffairs.com
The Stunning Failure of Iranian Deterrence
And why it augurs a more dangerous world.
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Ankit Panda @nktpnd.bsky.social · 19/03/2026
I have a new piece out in @foreignaffairs.com, with @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social, on Iran’s deterrence missteps from late-2023 onward that created the conditions for this war. We reflect on the implications for nonproliferation going forward. www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/stunnin...
foreignaffairs.com
The Stunning Failure of Iranian Deterrence
And why it augurs a more dangerous world.
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
Carnegie Endowment @carnegieendowment.org · 16/03/2026
The war in Iran, now in its third week, has had serious regional consequences. That puts Armenia and Azerbaijan “on the front line of regional instability,” writes Zaur Shiriyev. Read here: carnegieendowment.org/emissary/202...
carnegieendowment.org
Iran’s Northern Neighbors Are Facing Fallout From the War, Too
The conflict is threatening stability in Armenia and Azerbaijan.
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
Carnegie Endowment @carnegieendowment.org · 16/03/2026
Russia and Iran have close ties, culminating in a major treaty last year. But as the war in Iran continues, Russia has largely “stood idly by” -- why? @alexgabuev.bsky.social, @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social and Sergey Vakulenko explained for @foreignaffairs.com: www.foreignaffairs.com/russia/why-r...
foreignaffairs.com
Why Russia Is Watching Iran Burn
The Kremlin is in no hurry to save its closest partner in the Middle East.
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Nicole Grajewski @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social · 12/03/2026
New post on Iran’s targets during its initial retaliation on Feb. 28. It examines the targeting logic behind three parallel campaigns: striking U.S. C2/ISR infrastructure, imposing costs on the GCC states, and pressuring Israeli civilian centers. www.axesandatoms.com/p/irans-febr...
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Carnegie Politika @ceip-politika.bsky.social · 11/03/2026
"Most of Moscow’s military resources are tied up in Ukraine, while Beijing’s foreign policy prioritizes economic ties and avoids direct conflict." Alexander Gabuev and Temur Umarov explain why neither Russia nor China has offered any tangible support to Iran.
carnegieendowment.org
Why Are China and Russia Not Rushing to Help Iran?
Most of Moscow’s military resources are tied up in Ukraine, while Beijing’s foreign policy prioritizes economic ties and avoids direct conflict.
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Nicole Grajewski @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social · 11/03/2026
CNN reports Russia is now providing Iran with more specific operational guidance on UAV employment, including targeting approaches derived from its use of Shahed drones in Ukraine. This is not very surprising but good to have it confirmed.
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François Diaz-Maurin @francoisdm.bsky.social · 10/03/2026
🚨 JUST IN: I wrote about Trump's self-induced dilemma of sending US troops to seize or destroy Iran's highly enriched uranium. #Iran #Isfahan #uranium #Trump #nuclearweapons #nukesky @thebulletin.org
thebulletin.org
Trump may send US troops to neutralize Iran's highly enriched uranium. There are no good options
Deploying US troops to seize or destroy Iran's highly enriched uranium would bring significant chemical, logistical, and tactical hurdles.
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Ulrike Franke @rikefranke.eu · 11/03/2026
Good piece by @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social www.axesandatoms.com/p/10-days-of...
axesandatoms.com
10 Days of War and 30-something Waves of Operation True Promise 4
What I am tracking and where I remain puzzled
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
Project on Managing the Atom @managingtheatom.bsky.social · 11/03/2026
What are the military risks of U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran? @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social discusses the strategic implications in an interview with the Malcolm H. Kerr @carnegiemec.bsky.social. carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/...
carnegieendowment.org
The Greatest Dangers May Lie Ahead
In an interview, Nicole Grajewski discusses the military dimension of the U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran.
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Nicole Grajewski @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social · 06/03/2026
Wrote this article yesterday before the news of Russia’s support to Iran was reported www.russiamatters.org/analysis/ira...
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Nicole Grajewski @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social · 06/03/2026
For those interested in the evolution of Russia-Iran relations, my book comes out next month. DM if you’re interested in an advanced copy and I can put you in touch with my publisher. www.hurstpublishers.com/book/russia-...
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The Kennan Institute @kennaninstitute.bsky.social · 05/03/2026
💭 #Iran at War: The Russian Angle @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social explains why the Russia–Iran relationship is not an alliance. It is a partnership shaped by shared interests, regime security concerns, and significant limits rooted in historical mistrust. Full conversation linked below ⬇️
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Vasabjit Banerjee @vasabjit.bsky.social · 05/03/2026
I don't know anything about India-Middle East relations beyond the most cursory stuff. The authority on this topic is @nicoblar.bsky.social . For Iranian foreign policy in general, I follow @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social . If you know an expert who is here, please post in the responses. Thanks,
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
Association Pour l'Ukraine, pour leur liberté et la nôtre ! @pourlukraine.bsky.social · 04/03/2026
Le stock de Shahed de l’Iran peut être estimé à “entre 4000 et 6000”(…) Au début de la guerre en 🇺🇦, Téhéran avait pu en livrer plusieurs milliers à son allié russe [mais ils] sont désormais en quasi-totalité fabriqués en 🇷🇺, sous le nom de Geran-2. @nicolastenzer.bsky.social @ilasserre.bsky.social
lemonde.fr
Les voisins de l’Iran, confrontés aux attaques de drones, découvrent leur vulnérabilité
Dénués d’expérience en matière de lutte contre les engins kamikazes, notamment les Shahed, les pays du Golfe sont apparus désemparés face à la menace posée par la République islamique, déterminée de s...
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The Kennan Institute @kennaninstitute.bsky.social · 03/03/2026
💭 Iran at War: The Russian Angle @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social explains how tensions involving #Iran could affect #Russia’s broader interests in the Gulf, where Moscow’s economic ties to GCC states often exceed its ties to Tehran. Full conversation in the comments ⬇️
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Project on Managing the Atom @managingtheatom.bsky.social · 03/03/2026
@nicolegrajewski.bsky.social argues that New START’s expiration won’t trigger a Cold War–style arms race, but rather a quieter shift toward warhead “uploading,” nonstrategic expansion, and greater nuclear ambiguity in a trilateral U.S.–Russia–China landscape. theins.ru/en/opinion/n...
theins.ru
Nuclear breakdown: How the end of the New START treaty will affect the arms race between Russia and the U.S.
In early February, the Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms between the United States and Russia (better known as New START) expired, and no new agreement has been reached to take its place. However, a Cold War-style arms race appears unlikely, as Russia does not have the necessary resources for the mass production of new strategic weapons, argues nuclear policy expert Nicole Grajewski, an assistant professor at the Center for International Studies (CERI) at Sciences Po in Paris. In her view, a more likely future scenario involves Russia increasing the number of warheads on systems already in its arsenal while expanding production of nonstrategic weapons. The end of mutual inspections provided for under New START creates new opportunities to pursue such projects, even if Russia's coffers have been depleted by the war in Ukraine. China, however, does have the resources, and its nuclear program offers new causes for concern.
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The Insider @theins.press · 02/03/2026
Nuclear breakdown: How the end of the New START treaty will affect the arms race between Russia and the U.S. Nuclear policy expert @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social examines where, how, and at what cost Russia will exploit the treaty’s absence.
theins.press
Nuclear breakdown: How the end of the New START treaty will affect the arms race between Russia and the U.S.
In early February, the Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms between the United States and Russia (better known as New START) expired, and no new agre...
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
Project on Managing the Atom @managingtheatom.bsky.social · 02/03/2026
In an interview for DW News, @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social argues that Russia’s support for Iran is largely rhetorical, with no mutual defense obligation and limited military reliance on Tehran: www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyTp...
youtube.com
Is Moscow planning to help their longtime ally Iran in this crisis? | DW News
YouTube video by DW News
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Ankit Panda @nktpnd.bsky.social · 03/03/2026
Last year, @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social and I specifically warned of the risk that the US could become a pawn in the Israel-Iran dynamic. Midnight Hammer came shortly after, and now this. www.bostonglobe.com/2025/06/18/o...
bostonglobe.com
US should not become a pawn in the Israel-Iran war - The Boston Globe
Trump should pivot to coercive mediation: making any additional military or intelligence support conditional on Israeli restraint.
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Nicole Grajewski @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social · 02/03/2026
My long-form interview with Richard Walker of Deutsche Welle on the war with Iran youtu.be/zxmP4TAwkOE?...
youtu.be
Iran, US, Israel: Analyzing their goals & limitations | DW News
YouTube video by DW News
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Katie Stallard @katiestallard.bsky.social · 02/03/2026
The Kremlin's calculus on Iran, featuring expertise from @hannanotte.bsky.social and @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social in @newstatesman1913.bsky.social: www.newstatesman.com/internationa...
newstatesman.com
How Putin is backing Iran's war effort
A prolonged conflict in the Middle East would serve Russia’s interests
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Reposted by Nicole Grajewski
Samuel Bendett @sambendett.bsky.social · 02/03/2026
About to start listening to this really relevant and timely discussion with Michael Kimmage, @hannanotte.bsky.social and @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social on the Russian angle in the war against Iran.
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Nicole Grajewski @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social · 02/03/2026
Написала для «The Insider» о том, что означает конец СНВ-3. Это не автоматическая новая гонка вооружений — у России ограничены ресурсы. Но снижение прозрачности и возможное наращивание нестратегических систем повышают риски стратегической нестабильности. theins.ru/opinions/nik...
theins.ru
Ядерный срыв: как конец договора СНВ-3 повлияет на гонку вооружений между Россией и США
В начале февраля истек срок действия Договора о мерах по дальнейшему сокращению и ограничению стратегических наступательных вооружений между США и Россией (СНВ-3), причем нового соглашения заключено н...
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Nicole Grajewski @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social · 02/03/2026
If you’d like to take a break from Iran, here is an article I wrote for the Insider on Russia and the expiration of New START — it’s based off of my longer term project about Russia and trilateral arms racing. theins.press/en/opinion/n...
theins.press
Nuclear breakdown: How the end of the New START treaty will affect the arms race between Russia and the U.S.
In early February, the Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms between the United States and Russia (better known as New START) expired, and no new agre...
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Nicole Grajewski @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social · 01/03/2026
Iran’s nuclear program under Ayatollah Khamenei was never just a technical initiative — it was political, ideological, and tightly controlled by the Supreme Leader. 🧵
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The Kennan Institute @kennaninstitute.bsky.social · 28/02/2026
💭 Iran at War: The Russian Angle A major war against #Iran raises urgent questions about Russia’s role in the Middle East. @hannanotte.bsky.social and @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social assess the broader implications. Register: zoom.us/webinar/regi...
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Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists @thebulletin.org · 28/02/2026
In a new opinion piece, @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social argues that Iran's nuclear strategy rested on the critical assumption that the US administration preferred a deal to a war.
thebulletin.org
Israel and the US strike Iran. It is a tragedy of Tehran's own making
Iran's strategy rested on the critical assumption that the US administration preferred a deal to a war. That proved fatal on Saturday.
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J. Luis Rodriguez @jluisrodriguez.com · 28/02/2026
Fantastic analysis by @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social! thebulletin.org/2026/02/isra...
thebulletin.org
Israel and the US strike Iran. It is a tragedy of Tehran's own making
Iran's strategy rested on the critical assumption that the US administration preferred a deal to a war. That proved fatal on Saturday.
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Michal Onderco @profonderco.bsky.social · 28/02/2026
If you have time to read only one thing on today’s strikes, make it @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social ‘s analysis in @thebulletin.org .
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Rima I Anabtawi @rimaanabtawi.bsky.social · 27/02/2026
U.S. Aims in Iran Extend Beyond Nuclear Issues Because of this, the costs and risks of an attack merit far more public scrutiny than they are receiving. @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/...
carnegieendowment.org
U.S. Aims in Iran Extend Beyond Nuclear Issues
Because of this, the costs and risks of an attack merit far more public scrutiny than they are receiving.
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Project on Managing the Atom @managingtheatom.bsky.social · 26/02/2026
MTA Associate @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social delivers a sharp analysis showing why U.S. strikes on Iran have not resolved the core nuclear challenge Read her article here: carnegieendowment.org/middle-east/...
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Ploughshares @ploughshares.bsky.social · 23/02/2026
"The kind of build up we’re seeing today is not commensurate with the goals they have in terms of nonproliferation." Former Nuclear Futures Fellow @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social providing expertise to @cnn.com.
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Ankit Panda @nktpnd.bsky.social · 23/02/2026
"Iran agreed a secret €500mn arms deal with Russia to acquire thousands of advanced shoulder-fired missiles in its most significant effort to rebuild air defences shattered during last year’s war with Israel." www.ft.com/content/d034...
ft.com
Iran agreed secret shoulder-fired missile deal with Russia
Leaks reveal €500mn contract for man-portable ‘Verba’ system to rebuild Tehran’s air defences
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Nicole Grajewski @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social · 22/02/2026
My comments on CNN about the impact of additional military strikes on Iran’s nuclear program
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Nicole Grajewski @nicolegrajewski.bsky.social · 04/02/2026
Quick thoughts on Russia's potential response to the expiration of New START axesandatoms.substack.com/p/farewell-t...
axesandatoms.substack.com
Farewell to Arms Control
Russia and New START Expiration
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