Intracranial recordings reveal oppositely tuned activity in the medial and lateral regions of the human orbitofrontal cortex during approach–avoidance decisions: the medial orbital sulcus activates ju...

An imaging system developed to record cellular activity throughout the whole body of zebrafish captures cellular organ dynamics and identifies multiple distributed circuits.

The authors use recurrent neural networks to predict how structured prior experience shapes neural dynamics as mice learn flexible timing strategies during complex context-dependent behavior.

Recent studies reveal striking representational alignment between artificial neural networks (ANNs) and biological brains, leading to proposals that all sufficiently capable systems converge on univer...

How the reduction of variability in response to sensory stimuli changes with ageing is not fully understood. Using large-scale neural recordings in mice, this study shows that ageing is linked to more...

Brain activity is complex but not arbitrary, and some patterns dominate others, with dimensionality describing how many such patterns exist. The authors show how brain connectivity controls dimensiona...

Behaviour of human participants in a prey-pursuit task reflects dynamic blending of goal-specific control policies, with hippocampus estimating latent states, anterior cingulate cortex orchestrating p...

Memories leave lasting physical changes at the synaptic level. Although stable, larger spines are thought to support memory, the high turnover of dendritic spines and the drifting of neuronal represen...

People from Chinese, Dutch and Greek cultural backgrounds have the same ‘tickle hotspots’ on the body. And ticklishness is stronger in rarely touched areas.

Endocannabinoid-dependent corticostriatal plasticity underlies avoidance learning in mice after a single experience. Disrupting this process impairs learning, revealing a nonclassical synaptic basis s...

Using in vivo whole-cell recordings during goal-directed navigation, Bhatia, Adel, and Grienberger identify plateaus as a prominent feature of subiculum activity. These events preferentially occur nea...

In macaques, old memories, relative to new ones, are supported by more stable and interconnected cell assemblies. New-biased and old-biased assemblies reactivate during overnight sleep and can sometim...

Mice are motivated to seek information of no extrinsic value. Recording neural activity in orbitofrontal cortex reveals a representation of the value of information that is distinct from the value of ...

The brain’s neural compass seems 2D, detecting only left and right head-turns. However, if the head is tilted in 3D, its rotation around the vertical axis also covertly changes its horizontal facing ...

Dendritic computation contributes to information processing in cortical circuits. Hippocampal CA3 plays a central role in navigation, but how the dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons process information...

Bissen et al. show that prey capture learning profoundly reshapes visual cortical circuitry and function during developmental critical periods, but not in adulthood. These learning-induced structural ...

It is unusual for cognitive neuroscientists to reach consensus around which computations a brain region implements, what algorithms are used to achieve those computations and how the algorithms are im...

Zimnik et al. provide a new, interpretable, unsupervised dimensionality approach for neural population activity. Their approach, sparse component analysis (SCA), reveals the latent factors correspondi...

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Visual systems evolved to extract behaviorally relevant information while animals move through and interact with their world. Such ecological vision differs fundamentally from standard laboratory paradigms in many key aspects, making this a much harder problem for the brain to solve, and for the neuroscientist to study. However, emerging technologies and experimental approaches have enabled investigation of visual computations under these ecological conditions. These approaches are particularly powerful in the mouse, combining well-developed genetic tools, high-throughput recordings, and quantifiable ethological tasks. Here we review computations that are engaged in ecological contexts, including active sensing, motion processing, scene analysis, distance estimation, and spatial perception. We delineate experimental approaches that engage these computations and synthesize current understanding of their neural implementations based on mouse research. These studies reveal how ecological vision engages distinct processing strategies and novel neural circuitry, while highlighting the vast territory that remains unexplored in understanding real-world visual computation.

Zimnik et al. provide a new, interpretable, unsupervised dimensionality approach for neural population activity. Their approach, sparse component analysis (SCA), reveals the latent factors corresponding to distinct computations without users needing to provide behavioral labels or known timing of computations.

Learning transforms prefrontal cortex activity from flexible, high-dimensional representations into compact, task-relevant and abstract codes, enabling efficient generalization of learned rules to new...

Busch et al. use nonlinear neural manifolds to help humans gain rapid control over a noninvasive brain–computer interface, allowing them to learn how to play a video game with real-time fMRI neurofeed...

Action selection using predictive models of the environment plays a fundamental role in human and animal behaviour, yet is poorly understood at circuit and algorithmic levels. Spatial navigation is an...

Place cells map terrain geometry, not behavior, revealing a surface-based brain code for real-world navigation.

Disagreement in neuroscience runs deeper than most researchers suspect—even in electrophysiology, a field that prides itself on hard data.

To solve diverse real-world tasks, the brain must flexibly switch between task rules and adjust computations. Recent advances in analyzing neural data and modeling neural networks have revealed their ...