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A modular cell-free biosynthetic system enables de novo production of the nonribosomal peptide valinomycin from glucose. By integrating a four-enzyme short glycolytic pathway, an L-valine biosyntheti....

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that exclusively infect bacteria. They adsorb to their hosts through binding to cell receptors including flagella, pili, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Adsorption is ...

Abstract. Cell-free biosensor systems offer a promising platform for portable diagnostics. Here, we evaluate electrochemical readout from these systems, us

Abstract. Point-of-use sensors that detect biomarkers in noninvasive biofluids, such as saliva, could provide individuals with valuable insights into their

Bacteriophage tailspike proteins (TSPs) degrade bacterial capsules to enable infection, yet the molecular determinants of their function and host range remain unclear. We applied deep mutational scann...

Biology is often seen as an experimental science, with theory serving to generalize patterns from empirical data. But history reveals that theory plays a more generative role in discovery itself.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans...

Plasmids are central tools in biotechnology, yet their copy number is often treated as fixed. This study shows that plasmid copy number can be dynamically controlled to tune gene expression, growth, stability, and DNA transfer across bacterial hosts, expanding the flexibility and predictability of engineered biological systems.

Theory can help address cell and molecular biology’s major challenges, particularly those arising from large omics datasets.

Abstract. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering increasingly demand predictable and interoperable gene expression across phylogenetically distant org

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Bacterial ribosomes can synthesize proteins encoded within their own RNA.

Abstract. In recent years, tremendous advances have been made in predicting protein structures and protein–protein interactions, but progress on RNA struct

The convergence of synthetic biology, AI, and automation creates new challenges for regulatory frameworks. In this Perspective, the authors analyse national regulations and propose the SynBioxAI regul...

AbstractAdvances in artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) have transformed protein design by enabling efficient exploration of vast sequence