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Stephen Herzog

@herzogsm.bsky.social
432 followers 128 following 98 posts

Professor of the Practice, James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies | Associate, Harvard Project on Managing the Atom | nuclear arms control, nonproliferation, disarmament, technology

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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
Project on Managing the Atom @managingtheatom.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
MTA Visiting Scholar @herzogsm.bsky.social has a new essay out in @thenonproreview.bsky.social about the many overlooked & overlapping ways AI is affecting the politics of nuclear, biological & chemical weapons. www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....
tandfonline.com
From proliferation to restraint: a process-based approach to artificial intelligence and weapons of mass destruction
Artificial intelligence (AI) is now a central element in many of the most pressing debates about nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons. Yet, the scholarship on AI and weapons of mass destructio...
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 14/09/2026
I edited a new full @thenonproreview.bsky.social special issue on this topic. Its articles substantially expand the AI–WMD literature across nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. They're all now open-access or temporarily ungated. Read the issue here: www.tandfonline.com/toc/rnpr20/3...
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Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 14/09/2026
My new @thenonproreview.bsky.social essay argues that AI–WMD research needs to move beyond its usual focus on just NC3 integration or WMD proliferation. AI is reshaping the whole WMD landscape, and we need to study those effects across the full WMD life cycle. www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....
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Jacqueline L. Hazelton @drjlhazelton.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
Belfer friends, a memorial for Susan Lynch. Details below. @mitpress.bsky.social @pearson-edits.bsky.social @sannecjv.bsky.social
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Zoha Naser @zohanaser.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
It was such a pleasure to contribute to this special issue – thank you to the editors for the opportunity! Check out our article revisiting the Four Faces framework in the age of AI below:
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Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 14/09/2026
My new @thenonproreview.bsky.social essay argues that AI–WMD research needs to move beyond its usual focus on just NC3 integration or WMD proliferation. AI is reshaping the whole WMD landscape, and we need to study those effects across the full WMD life cycle. www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
The Nonproliferation Review @thenonproreview.bsky.social · 14/09/2026
Big release of the NPR: our special issue on AI & WMD. All these articles are open-access or temporarily ungated. They should push the literature much further into this crucial domain of understanding how AI is reshaping politics & tech. Read the full issue here: www.tandfonline.com/toc/rnpr20/3...
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The Nonproliferation Review @thenonproreview.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
Can a nonproliferation norm survive violations by the country that championed it? New and #open-access in The Nonproliferation Review: Alan J. Kuperman’s “The global risks from US violation of HEU minimization: insights from norm theory” www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.... 1/2
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Ankit Panda @nktpnd.bsky.social · 10/08/2026
🚨 Job Alert: We’re hiring for a research assistant at @carnegienpp.bsky.social. Come work with me and the rest of the team. Details below; apply by the 18th of August: carnegieendowment.applicantpro.com/jobs/4169113
carnegieendowment.applicantpro.com
Research Assistant, Nuclear Policy Program - Washington, DC
Research Assistant Nuclear Policy Program The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a renowned international affairs institution, seeks a full-time research assistant to support its Washington, ...
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Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 10/08/2026
My article “Anticipatory Arms Control for the AI Age" w/ @douglasbshaw.bsky.social & William C. Potter is now ungated @armscontrolnow.bsky.social. We explain why AI-enabled nuclear & biological weapons risks need a new forum for private-public sector dialogue. www.armscontrol.org/act/2026-07/...
armscontrol.org
Anticipatory Arms Control for the AI Age | Arms Control Association
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
The Nonproliferation Review @thenonproreview.bsky.social · 06/08/2026
What happens when nonproliferation rules don’t quite line up? New & #openaccess in the NPR by Kristoffer Burck, Barry de Vries, & Sannimari Veini on the BWC, CWC, & UNSCR 1540. They explain why more rules don’t always automatically mean better domestic legal implementation. doi.org/10.1080/1073...
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Jacob Ware @jacobware.bsky.social · 05/08/2026
"[R]espondents prioritized reducing civilian harm over maximizing the probability of success. [...] This suggests that collateral damage can directly erode the political support needed to sustain military campaigns over time." @herzogsm.bsky.social @laurensukin.bsky.social
irregularwarfare.org
What Makes a Weapon Too Horrific to Use?
Editor's note: The "Short of War" Podcast discussing this article is AI-generated. Rules governing warfare are nearly as ancient as warfare itself. In the Iliad, Achilles loses favor with the gods an...
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
Nuffield College Library @nuffieldlibrary.bsky.social · 27/07/2026
NATO’s Nuclear types: Vulnerability, defense investment, and alliance strategy preferences doi.org/10.31374/sjm... Paper in @sjms.bsky.social by Stephen Herzog, J. Luis Rodriguez and @nuffieldcollege.bsky.social Fellow @laurensukin.bsky.social
doi.org
NATO’s Nuclear Types: Vulnerability, Defense Investment, and Alliance Strategy Preferences | Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies
Members of nuclear alliances face myriad and complex demands. They must ensure that their nuclear-armed patron maintains adequate capabilities and resolve, while avoiding entrapment and entanglement.…
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Hanna Notte @hannanotte.bsky.social · 04/08/2026
My non-fiction debut "We Shall Outlast Them: Putin's Global Campaign to Defeat the West" is out today. It's the result of years of research, travel to a dozen countries, and countless conversations. Thank you @wwnorton.com and everyone who supported me along the way. wwnorton.com/books/978132...
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 03/08/2026
1/2 Why do members of the US public reject some weapons even when they “work”? In a new piece for Irregular Warfare Initiative, @laurensukin.bsky.social, Dave Allison, & I explain why weapon choice & civilian harm can make force politically unsustainable. www.irregularwarfare.org/what-makes-a...
irregularwarfare.org
What Makes a Weapon Too Horrific to Use?
Editor's note: The "Short of War" Podcast discussing this article is AI-generated. Rules governing warfare are nearly as ancient as warfare itself. In the Iliad, Achilles loses favor with the gods an...
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Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 03/08/2026
1/2 Why do members of the US public reject some weapons even when they “work”? In a new piece for Irregular Warfare Initiative, @laurensukin.bsky.social, Dave Allison, & I explain why weapon choice & civilian harm can make force politically unsustainable. www.irregularwarfare.org/what-makes-a...
irregularwarfare.org
What Makes a Weapon Too Horrific to Use?
Editor's note: The "Short of War" Podcast discussing this article is AI-generated. Rules governing warfare are nearly as ancient as warfare itself. In the Iliad, Achilles loses favor with the gods an...
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
The Nonproliferation Review @thenonproreview.bsky.social · 28/07/2026
In a new NPR article, Daesoo Kim, Jin Yoo, & Ku Kang introduce “exposure and disclosure” as a tool for countering CBRN threats. They use cases to show how revealing clandestine activities may impose costs that reduce the coercive value of CBRN. www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....
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Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
New #openaccess article in @sjms.bsky.social w/@jluisrodriguez.com & @laurensukin.bsky.social. We develop a typology of NATO member "nuclear types" & test w/survey of over 10k people across 10 countries. Cohesion depends on recognizing & managing differences. sjms.nu/articles/10....
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
The Nonproliferation Review @thenonproreview.bsky.social · 22/07/2026
New in the NPR! Peyman Asadzade analyzes 242 Khamenei speeches on Iran’s internal nuclear narrative. He identifies trends of sovereignty, scientific progress, critiques of Western double standards, and religious restraint. The article asks what survives after 2026. doi.org/10.1080/1073...
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Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
New #openaccess article in @sjms.bsky.social w/@jluisrodriguez.com & @laurensukin.bsky.social. We develop a typology of NATO member "nuclear types" & test w/survey of over 10k people across 10 countries. Cohesion depends on recognizing & managing differences. sjms.nu/articles/10....
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
Peace Research Center Prague @prcp.cuni.cz · 18/07/2026
🖊️ New policy paper, co-authored by our scholar Dominika Kunertova: How should NATO adapt to the age of full spectrum drone warfare? How can member states build a doctrine and supply chains to deploy drones more effectively than their adversaries? academic.oup.com/ia/article/1...
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
The Nonproliferation Review @thenonproreview.bsky.social · 19/07/2026
Why do nuclear weapons still shape US public attitudes toward nuclear energy? Sidra Hamidi traces how anti-nuclear movements forged this connection. She explores how today’s pro-nuclear advocates are turning against that framing to advance the “irrationality” of nuclear fear. doi.org/10.1080/1073...
doi.org
No nukes: the evolving discourse of nuclear dualism
Why does the connection between nuclear weapons and nuclear energy continue to drive public attitudes towards nuclear energy in the United States? Conventional views on the dual (military and civil...
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
Project on Managing the Atom @managingtheatom.bsky.social · 09/07/2026
MTA Visiting Scholar @herzogsm.bsky.social & co-authors write for @thebulletin.org about the new Asilomar Process. It aims to engage governments, AI firms, & security experts in dialogue to reduce AI-enabled risks in the nuclear & biological domains. thebulletin.org/2026/06/ai-i...
thebulletin.org
AI is changing biological and nuclear risks; governance must change accordingly
Seven principles from a recent Asilomar conference address how AI will affect nuclear and biological threats.
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
arXiv cs.CY Computers and Society @cscy-bot.bsky.social · 02/07/2026
Stephen Herzog, Dominika Kunertova: NATO and Emerging Technologies: The Alliance's Shifting Approach to Military Innovation arxiv.org/abs/2607.00437 arxiv.org/pdf/2607.00437 arxiv.org/html/2607.00437
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 29/06/2026
Delighted to see this Portuguese-language review of Atomic Backfires in Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Defesa. Thanks for reading! @mitpress.bsky.social @gdavidarceneaux.bsky.social rbed.abedef.org/rbed/article...
rbed.abedef.org
Quando a política nuclear falha
Resenha crítica da obra Atomic Backfires: When Nuclear Policies Fail, organizada por Stephen Herzog, Giles David Arceneaux e Ariel F. W. Petrovics, publicada pela MIT Press em 2026. O texto discute a ...
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
The Nonproliferation Review @thenonproreview.bsky.social · 29/06/2026
New in the NPR: Frank von Hippel & Eli Sanchez examine the political and technical debate over designing future US naval reactors for proliferation-resistant low-enriched uranium. doi.org/10.1080/1073...
doi.org
The US debate over designing future US naval reactors to be fueled with proliferation-resistant low-enriched uranium
In 1974, India tested a “peaceful nuclear explosive” using plutonium that had been separated from irraditated research-reactor fuel in a “reprocessing” plant designed with the help of a US company....
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Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 29/06/2026
Delighted to see this Portuguese-language review of Atomic Backfires in Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Defesa. Thanks for reading! @mitpress.bsky.social @gdavidarceneaux.bsky.social rbed.abedef.org/rbed/article...
rbed.abedef.org
Quando a política nuclear falha
Resenha crítica da obra Atomic Backfires: When Nuclear Policies Fail, organizada por Stephen Herzog, Giles David Arceneaux e Ariel F. W. Petrovics, publicada pela MIT Press em 2026. O texto discute a ...
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists @thebulletin.org · 22/06/2026
In April, the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies hosted over 100 experts to discuss how AI may affect nuclear and biological weapons. The meeting launched a new Asilomar Process to develop practical safeguards for AI-related nuclear and biological risks, involving seven key principles.
thebulletin.org
AI is changing biological and nuclear risks; governance must change accordingly
Seven principles from a recent Asilomar conference address how AI will affect nuclear and biological threats.
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 18/06/2026
In @thebulletin.org, a team introduces principles underlying the Asilomar Process: a new ongoing effort to connect governments, WMD experts, & frontier AI developers in early governance dialogue. More to come! @douglasbshaw.bsky.social @allyberke.bsky.social thebulletin.org/2026/06/ai-i...
thebulletin.org
AI is changing biological and nuclear risks; governance must change accordingly
Seven principles from a recent Asilomar conference address how AI will affect nuclear and biological threats.
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Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 18/06/2026
In @thebulletin.org, a team introduces principles underlying the Asilomar Process: a new ongoing effort to connect governments, WMD experts, & frontier AI developers in early governance dialogue. More to come! @douglasbshaw.bsky.social @allyberke.bsky.social thebulletin.org/2026/06/ai-i...
thebulletin.org
AI is changing biological and nuclear risks; governance must change accordingly
Seven principles from a recent Asilomar conference address how AI will affect nuclear and biological threats.
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Reposted by Stephen Herzog
James Cameron @jjjcameron.bsky.social · 23/05/2026
Received my author's copy of Stephen Herzog, Giles Arceneaux, and Ariel Petrovics (eds.) "Atomic Backfires: Why Nuclear Policies Fail." Thanks to @herzogsm.bsky.social for ensuring its safe arrival in Norway! Check out the Open Access edition here: direct.mit.edu/books/oa-edi...
Book cover: Atomic Backfires: Why Nuclear Policies Fail, edited by Stephen Herzog, Giles David Arceneaux, and Ariel F. W. Petrovics
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Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 29/04/2026
Join Pugwash & @managingtheatom.bsky.social @belfercenter.bsky.social for an NPT RevCon side event at UN HQ in New York next Friday. We'll discuss implications of @mitpress.bsky.social book "Atomic Backfires" for preserving the NPT. www.belfercenter.org/event/preser... @dbsalisbury.bsky.social
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Alex Wellerstein @wellerstein.bsky.social · 22/04/2026
Enjoyed getting a Google alert for once — a nice little capsule review of my book ("meticulous and enthralling"), and two others, by Lawrence Freedman, in Foreign Affairs: www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/thre...
foreignaffairs.com
Three Books on Nuclear Weapons
Books by Wellerstein and Holloway, and an edited collected from Herzog, Arceneaux, and Petrovics review nuclear history and policy.
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Peace Research Center Prague @prcp.cuni.cz · 31/03/2026
☢️ 1/3 What makes a weapon too horrific to use? Our researcher @laurensukin.bsky.social & her colleagues David Allison & @herzogsm.bsky.social fielded a survey experiment on a U.S. sample, investigating public support for use of different weapon types. Open access: academic.oup.com/jpr/advance-...
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The Nonproliferation Review @thenonproreview.bsky.social · 30/03/2026
In our new issue, an #OpenAccess article by Robert Reardon analyzes U.S. efforts during the Cold War to persuade South Korea to end its nuclear weapons program. It's based on archival material, including recently declassified government documents. doi.org/10.1080/1073...
doi.org
Civilian nuclear technology transfers as nonproliferation leverage: a reexamination of South Korea’s nuclear-weapons program
This article draws on archival material, including recently declassified government documents, to examine the 1975–76 US effort to persuade South Korea to end its nuclear-weapons program. Contrary ...
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Politics_Oxford @politicsoxford.bsky.social · 24/03/2026
DPIR's Lauren Sukin has co-authored a new paper in the Journal of Peace Research in which she argues that people judge military strikes less by outcomes and more by the type of weapon used: academic.oup.com/jpr/advance-articl…
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Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 18/03/2026
1/4 IR research on so-called “taboo” weapons often focuses on individual systems or very limited comparisons. In new @jpeaceresearch.bsky.social work w/Dave Allison and @laurensukin.bsky.social, we compare aversions across a broader range of weapons (6). #OpenAccess: doi.org/10.1093/jopr...
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Lauren Sukin @laurensukin.bsky.social · 19/03/2026
Our new (open access) paper investigates weapons aversion across systems. We comprehensively compare attitudes about the use of cyber, conventional, cluster, chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons, showing a clear preference hierarchy and lending insight into the underlying causes of aversion.
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Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 18/03/2026
1/4 IR research on so-called “taboo” weapons often focuses on individual systems or very limited comparisons. In new @jpeaceresearch.bsky.social work w/Dave Allison and @laurensukin.bsky.social, we compare aversions across a broader range of weapons (6). #OpenAccess: doi.org/10.1093/jopr...
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Jane Vaynman @janevaynman.bsky.social · 04/02/2026
So, I spent many many years working on my book, and it coincidentally comes out the same week as the end of the New START Treaty.  In print from Cambridge University Press next week, and ebook is online now. www.cambridge.org/vaynman or on Amazon: a.co/d/0brNOTKq
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François Diaz-Maurin @francoisdm.bsky.social · 17/03/2026
"The trajectory of drone innovation coming from Iran and Russia shows that low-cost attack drones can be built from commercially available components that circulate with few effective export restrictions." "Drone innovation may save money; drone regulation can save lives."
thebulletin.org
The Iran conflict edges the world closer to a new drone arms race
The Iran war shows that lethal long-range drones are rapidly becoming the newest frontier in an ongoing arms race.
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The Nonproliferation Review @thenonproreview.bsky.social · 16/03/2026
In an #OpenAccess article in our latest issue, Justin Hastings uses UN data to map regional trade networks for nuclear materials and dual-use equipment in Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Link: doi.org/10.1080/1073...
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Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 09/03/2026
Piece w/ @laurensukin.bsky.social & @lanoszka.bsky.social out in Apr. 2026 issue of Journal of Conflict Resolution. We surveyed publics in 24 countries in 2023: Calibrated US restraint/support for Kyiv was reassuring. Strong resolve isn't the only thing that can reassure. doi.org/10.1177/0022...
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The Nonproliferation Review @thenonproreview.bsky.social · 11/03/2026
New issue published today! Check out a special section on nuclear networks, alongside articles on civilian nuclear tech transfers as nonproliferation leverage, behavioral arms control, BWC CBMs, and U.S. debates over nuclear counterforce targeting. www.tandfonline.com/toc/rnpr20/3...
tandfonline.com
The Nonproliferation Review
Volume 32, Issue 4-6 of The Nonproliferation Review
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Stephen Herzog @herzogsm.bsky.social · 09/03/2026
Piece w/ @laurensukin.bsky.social & @lanoszka.bsky.social out in Apr. 2026 issue of Journal of Conflict Resolution. We surveyed publics in 24 countries in 2023: Calibrated US restraint/support for Kyiv was reassuring. Strong resolve isn't the only thing that can reassure. doi.org/10.1177/0022...
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The Nonproliferation Review @thenonproreview.bsky.social · 05/03/2026
We recently published 2 special issues featuring work from the Beyond Nuclear Deterrence Working Group @managingtheatom.bsky.social. You can read both collections, with many #OpenAccess articles. Special Issue 1: tandfonline.com/toc/rnpr20/3... Special Issue 2: tandfonline.com/toc/rnpr20/3...
tandfonline.com
The Nonproliferation Review
Beyond Nuclear Deterrence - Special Issue 1. Volume 31, Issue 4-6 of The Nonproliferation Review
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WMD Prof @wmdprof.bsky.social · 26/02/2026
Somebody shoot that god damn dove before it triggers a global thermonuclear war!
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Gregory Koblentz @gregkoblentz.bsky.social · 26/02/2026
A free book about bad decisions involving nuclear weapons. What's not to like? Atomic Backfires: When Nuclear Policies Fail direct.mit.edu/books/oa-edi... Thanks to @herzogsm.bsky.social and the other editors for providing open access at @mitpress.bsky.social
direct.mit.edu
Atomic Backfires: When Nuclear Policies Fail
A sobering edited volume on how efforts to reduce nuclear weapons dangers may sometimes wind up exacerbating them.The existential risks posed to the world
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The Nonproliferation Review @thenonproreview.bsky.social · 23/02/2026
Why do so many countries not participate in Biological Weapons Convention CBMs? Sharma & Hobson analyze CBM submissions & 51 working papers/statements. They identify capacity gaps & system design as obstacles & propose reforms. New #OpenAccess in the NPR: doi.org/10.1080/1073...
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The Nonproliferation Review @thenonproreview.bsky.social · 19/02/2026
In our newest issue of the NPR, @alexsorg.bsky.social of @managingtheatom.bsky.social has written an article looking into Russian security guarantees to Belarus. Check it out here: doi.org/10.1080/1073...
doi.org
Nuclear Belarus: explaining Russian security guarantees
In 2022, Russia announced its plans to deploy nuclear weapons to Belarus, which would mark the first such deployment in an allied state since the Soviet Union’s collapse. Deploying nuclear weapons ...
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