nature.com
The overlooked conservation values of saline lakes
Saline lakes are a diverse group of ecosystems that account for over 45% of the global lake water volume and 23% of global lake surface area1. Their high environmental diversity is partly rooted in the wide spectrum of salinities, ranging from brackish ecosystems (saline lakes are here defined2 as those with a salinity of > 1 g L−1) to saturated brines with ten times higher salt concentrations than oceans3. The often-unique character of individual lakes further emerges from differences in ion composition, extent of lake level variation, and desiccation frequency, which can be key factors shaping lake communities4,5,6. The vast majority of saline lakes, nonetheless, share a common denominator – a high sensitivity to climate and land-use changes in their catchment7 that turns them into sentinels of global and local environmental change8. The main reason for their sensitivity, which causes saline lakes to rank among the most threatened ecosystem types worldwide, is that nearly all saline lakes are terminal systems with no surface outflow9. Hence, lake water levels depend on a sensitive balance between water inflows and evaporation10. This sensitivity does not only drive large natural inter- and intra-annual variations in lake water levels, which can even cause seasonal desiccation,...