Dorsal and ventral noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus form topographic subpopulations whose projection patterns and activity encode choice switching, reward-prediction errors and disregard o...

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Gordon et al. find that GABA and glutamate neurons in the lateral hypothalamus act together as a mechanism that tunes dopamine release across the striatum during consumption. This dopamine pattern shifts with what an animal is consuming, pushing it to start again rather than to keep consuming longer.

Elston and Wallis examined how monkeys use cognitive control to override automatic behavior. Cognitive conflict made OFC value representations volatile and increased oscillatory synchronization with the striatum, which coincided with destabilized striatal coding and halting of the automatic response. This suggests that control operates by “jamming” rather than “suppressing” the striatum.

Category selectivity for images of faces, scenes, and bodies is among the most striking and reproducible findings in vision neuroscience. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) trained on visual tasks also...

Online behavioral experiments rely on the assumption that participants are human. Advances in large language models (LLMs) challenge this assumption, but previous demonstrations have largely focused o...

Franch et al. show that human hippocampal neurons encode the meanings of the words we hear through distributed, context-sensitive population activity that mirrors some features of large language model...

In this review, Braun et al. propose that psychotic symptoms across psychiatric and neurological disorders arise from disturbances in neuromodulatory systems that alter neural gain and precision weighting, destabilizing cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits and large-scale brain networks, offering a transdiagnostic, testable framework for future research.

Evidential discordance, or the situation where scientific evidence supports contrary hypotheses, claims or theories about a given phenomenon, is common in scientific inquiry (Franklin, 2002; Boyd, 201...

Attention prioritizes relevant information from the environment, but does not do so consistently over time. Instead, we sometimes experience poor attentional states which are characterized by a higher...

Researchers often have the goal of estimating aperiodic signal changes across time. Here, Cellier et al. present a series of recommendations for ensuring that aperiodic parameterization algorithms are optimized for resolving spectral EEG activity over short time windows.

The findings provide a new perspective on how granule cells in the cerebellum help to generalize across tasks.

In this study, Luppi et al. systematically characterized and modeled more than 6,000 features of neural activity during anesthesia. They reveal a shared but reversible dynamical endpoint of anesthesia...

The ability to learn and apply rules lies at the heart of cognition. In a seminal study, Marcus et al. (1999) reported that 7-month-old infants learned abstract rules over syllable sequences and were...

The real world is stochastic, making it difficult to know when planning is worthwhile. Here the authors show that as stochasticity increases, people spend less effort planning and adopt simpler, less ...

Deep neural networks trained with different architectures, objectives, and datasets have been reported to converge on similar visual representations. However, what remains unknown is which visual prop...

This is a Perspective covering a Python toolbox for neuroscience research that enables users to fetch datasets, construct networks and null models, estimate graph metrics, fit statistical models and v...

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Internally and externally oriented brain networks are functionally coupled at a voxel scale through a common visuospatial code.

Scientists have found that the human brain develops from two distinct cellular systems, suggesting that evolution fused together two ancient nervous systems with very different jobs. The discovery als...

Risk attitudes can shift across contexts and even between identical choices. Here, the authors show that as parietal payoff representations grow noisier, the brain leans more on prior beliefs, biasing...