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A highly prevalent lupus risk haplotype increases IRF7-dependent induction of IFN-α, enhancing antiviral defense and exacerbating autoimmunity
Virolainen et al. combine human genetics, functional genomics, and mouse models to show that a common lupus-risk IRF7 haplotype enhances IRF7 nuclear localization, DNA binding, and type I interferon production. The haplotype improves antiviral defense but increases autoreactivity, revealing an evolutionary trade-off between host protection and autoimmunity.