The South African National Department of Health have set ambitious targets to scale up TB testing, focusing primarily on clinic attendees. In the context of declining funding for TB care and preventio...

An analysis of hundreds of journals finds limited efforts to accommodate scientists who are not native English speakers.

Background Sex differences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) exposure likely contribute to sex differences in tuberculosis (TB) burden. However, population-level age- and sex-specific patterns of Mt...

A modelling analysis at a global scale estimates that three interventions (vaccination, community-wide screening and prison screening programmes) could prevent more than 10% of tuberculosis cases betw...

The South Africa National Department of Health have set ambitious targets to scale up TB testing, focusing primarily on clinic attendees. In the context of declining funding for TB care and prevention...

The infant tuberculosis vaccine, BCG, prevents severe tuberculosis disease, but protection is rarely durable beyond childhood. New tuberculosis vaccines are being developed for the prevention of infec...

Tuberculosis (TB) disproportionately affects low-income populations due to socioeconomic barriers. Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) are promising str…

Current efforts to reduce global tuberculosis incidence have proved insufficient, highlighting that urgent action is needed to address underlying modi…

In a mathematical modelling study, Katherine Horton and colleagues assess different tuberculosis (TB) community screening approaches and their estimated effects on TB incidence and mortality over ten ...

Richards et al. use a compartmental transmission model of tuberculosis to understand the impact of strategies to improve men’s access to care and to reduce men’s excess risk of TB. In all four countri...

Hira Tanvir and colleagues estimate the potential impact of new tuberculosis vaccines under three scenarios of efficacy and conclude that to achieve the greatest impact, vaccines must prevent asymptom...

SUMMARYBACKGROUNDThe Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has disrupted TB care. We examine the effects of the war on people with drug-susceptible TB (PWTB) and health care worker (HCW) engagement with a digital adherence technology (DAT).METHODSWe conducted a cluster-randomised trial of a DAT intervention in Ukraine. In the intervention arm, PWTB received a pillbox with a daily treatment reminder. Pillbox openings were captured real-time onto a platform, accessed by HCWs who could add manual doses where relevant. We compared DAT engagement in pre-, early-, and later-war periods.RESULTSFrom June 2021 to 2022, 816 PWTB (32% women, median age 44 years) were enrolled. DAT engagement varied across regions and time period, with a decline in engagement post-February 2022. PWTB DAT engagement was 78%–84% of treatment-days. There was a three- to four-fold increase in unknown dose or delays in manual reporting of adherence (>7 days) post-February 2022 versus pre-war in Mykolaivska and Donetska oblasts and a two-fold increase in Odeska, Lvivska, and Zakarpatska oblasts.CONCLUSIONThe war significantly disrupted DAT engagement, particularly in regions heavily affected by the conflict. Reduced engagement was likely due to migration and communication challenges. There is a critical need for resilient TB care in conflict settings.

Alvaro Schwalb and colleagues conducted a mathematical modelling study to estimate the global burden of viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis--that which can cause disease and be transmitted--to help guid...

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Undernutrition is a key driver of the global tuberculosis epidemic, increasing the risk of people developing tuberculosis disease and of poor outcomes in those who do.1 Each year, WHO publishes estima...

The WHO recommends the bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid (BPaL) regimen with the additional fluoroquinolone antibiotic moxifloxacin (BPaLM) for initial treatment of multidrug- or rifampicin-resis...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern and the leading infectious cause of mortality globally. The disease exhibits strong prevalence patterns by age and sex, but the implications of these...

Background Community-wide screening is a crucial strategy to end tuberculosis (TB), but a common concern is potential harm from overtreatment following false positive diagnoses. However, current refer...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence is higher among men than women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, summary measures of sex difference

Population-wide screening may accelerate the decline of tuberculosis (TB) incidence, but the optimal screening algorithm and duration must weigh resource considerations. We calibrated a deterministic ...

AbstractBackground. The relationship between nutritional status and tuberculosis is critically important but poorly understood. We extended a 2009 review c

Background While a range of interventions exist for tuberculosis prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment, their potential population impact and cost-effectiveness are seldom directly compared,...

Background Current tuberculosis (TB) prevention and care strategies have failed to reduce disease burden at the pace required to meet global targets. Community screening may enable more rapid declines...