A novel Pfkelch13 mutation clinically associated with partial resistance to artemisinin is spreading in Zambia. Additional clinical evaluations are urgently needed in the region.

HPV vaccination is associated with a lower incidence of precancerous lesions and invasive cervical cancer. This is the first direct evidence of the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in Germany.

BPZE1 was well tolerated in children aged 6–17 years, and induced robust nasal S-IgA responses to B pertussis WCE without interference from simultaneously administered Tdap. BPZE1 vaccination did not ...

Many treatment recommendations for invasive mould infections, particularly those caused by rare moulds, rely on non-randomised comparative effectiveness research (CER), which is vulnerable to design a...

Benznidazole 150 mg once daily for 30 days showed non-inferior efficacy and the lowest rate of drug-related adverse events among the regimens tested, supporting its adoption as the preferred benznidaz...

More than one in three qPCR-positive mpox diagnoses in these settings might have been driven by the environmental MPXV DNA burden, with serological data independently supporting this finding. Strength...

In adults aged 50 years or older, aQIVc was non-inferior and superior to aQIV for all four influenza strains and non-inferiority criteria for aQIVc versus QIVr were met for A/H1N1 and both B strains, ...

Working definitions of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) exist, but no universally agreed operational classification links those definitions to programme, funding, and surveillance decisions. The boundary of the STI category determines which infections enter surveillance, receive programme funding, and are included in testing and screening. Yet, the fields of microbiology, clinical medicine, and public health each define this boundary differently. Contested conditions, including bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, scabies, mpox, and sexually transmissible enteric pathogens, expose the inadequacy of the current binary classification.

When the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) and Uganda declared an outbreak of Ebola virus disease caused by Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) on May 15, 2026, South Sudan looked likely to be the next ...

Emerging viruses continue to pose serious public health threats across Africa, with recurrent outbreaks exposing gaps in diagnostics and surveillance systems. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) ...

Studies on the global burden of sepsis confirm its major mortality, morbidity, and societal impact, with 85% of cases and deaths occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. Importantly, these...

Decentralised evaluation of diagnostic test kits can facilitate emergency-use decisions, national authorisation, or regulatory review in ongoing outbreaks. This approach defines a course of action for...

Strengthened case finding, contact tracing, and isolation averted most deaths even without vaccination. Once these operations were strong, reactive ring vaccination added a modest further benefit, whe...

Nirmatrelvir–ritonavir for 15 days or 25 days showed no evidence of benefit in long COVID in any of the three phenotypes studied. These findings suggest additional approaches to measuring the symptom ...

Dragonfly showed high sensitivity and specificity for mpox detection across a broad range of viral loads in the field, supporting its potential as a point-of-care diagnostic in high-burden, resource-l...

GBS6 elicited anti-capsular polysaccharide conjugate antibodies against group B streptococcus in pregnant women that were transferred to their infants, with no evidence of a difference irrespective of...

HCW-targeted antiviral PEP could substantially reduce HCW deaths during orthoebolavirus outbreaks if efficacious antivirals can be delivered rapidly and high operational coverage is maintained. Compar...

AMR bacterial bloodstream infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia were common and associated with high mortality and reduced quality of life in Asia, particularly in infections due to carbapene...

This study supports the WHO recommendation of oral azithromycin alone for treatment of clinically suspected or culture-confirmed uncomplicated typhoid fever,providing no evidence to support addition o...

SF2a-TT15 is well tolerated and strongly immunogenic in Kenyan infants, showing potential for further development. Available data support advancing a multivalent synthetic glycan-based Shigella vaccin...

The intervention reduced dengue incidence and Aedes aegypti infestation over 12 months. A single application of a dual-action insecticidal coating to domestic water containers represents a scalable an...

VPM1002 did not show non-inferiority to BCG on the primary endpoint of QFT conversion. Because fewer infections occurred than expected (334 of 632 planned events, despite extending the duration to 48 ...

Aspergillus spp are common airborne fungi, and the commonest fungal pathogen of human lungs. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the usual defences against disease are impai...

Tuberculosis remains a major global health challenge, despite recent advances in drug and regimen development. Pragmatic randomised trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and tolerab...

SAG infections, predominantly deep pyogenic collections in SBSs, are increasing in both children and adults in the UK and represent a major cause of streptococcal SBS infections. This increase is unli...

On May 15, 2026, DR Congo announced an outbreak of Ebola disease caused by a new variant of Bundibugyo virus in Ituri Province.1 The outbreak's epicentre was Mongbwalu, a gold mining town located 80 k...

Ethiopia is the fifth sub-Saharan African country now meeting WHO confirmation criteria for ART-R. High R622I prevalence and double deletion rates, consistent with distinct selective pressures, repres...

The 9vHPV vaccine prevents anogenital persistent infection related to vaccine-targeted HPV types in males and has an acceptable safety profile. These findings support the use of the 9vHPV vaccine in m...

The ongoing 2026 outbreak of Ebola virus disease caused by Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda has renewed attention to one of the least studied human-pathogenic...

We observed no significant difference in parasite prevalence between programmatic SMC and SMC delivered through DOT in children younger than 5 years. Extending SMC to children aged 5–9 years reduced p...

Oral baloxavir, favipiravir, and oseltamivir accelerated influenza viral clearance rates in adults with early non-severe seasonal influenza at low risk of progression to severe disease. Baloxavir had ...

In this observational study from a high-income country, permethrin showed substantially reduced effectiveness compared with benzyl benzoate or ivermectin. These findings support reconsideration of cur...

Hospitalised adults with advanced HIV disease in sub-Saharan Africa experience high mortality, with tuberculosis, often disseminated and undiagnosed, being a leading cause. Despite this, initiation of...

Unresolved Long COVID was associated with worse employment outcomes. Symptom clusters highlighted the importance of considering heterogeneity in Long COVID when assessing workforce impacts and designi...

Fernando Tortosa and Ariel Izcovich discuss various aspects of hantavirus infections with a focus on the situation in Argentina, including transmission, epidemiology, clinical course, management, late...