The TARGET guidelines aim to improve transparency and consistency in reporting of observational studies that emulate target trials. This Editorial announces that PLOS Medicine fully endorses the TARGE...

PhD Project - Optimising the choice of estimand in randomised trials: developing guidance on balancing statistical and clinical considerations to ensure results matter to stakeholders at University Co...

In this Perspective, Harrison Hansford and colleagues outline how the TARGET guidelines can improve the reporting transparency of observational studies emulating a target trial and help readers apprai...

Causal inference is the goal of randomized trials and many observational studies. The first step in a formal causal inference framework is to define the causal estimand, and in both types of study thi...

The integrity of evidence synthesis is threatened by problematic randomised controlled trials (RCTs). These are RCTs where there are serious concerns about the trustworthiness of the data or findings....

Effective August 25, 2025, COS will suspend submissions to its generalist preprint server hosted by OSF Preprints. The generalist server has operated alongside community-run preprint servers on OSF Pr...

Even though the advantages of randomised tria

Select your preferred language for Cochrane reviews and other content. Sections without translation will be in English.

Background Automated approaches to improve the efficiency of systematic reviews are greatly needed. When testing any of these approaches, the criterion standard of comparison (gold standard) is usuall...

This randomized clinical trial compares the effects of 1-page fact sheets that adopt either an information-listing approach or a direct advice approach on management of low back pain to prepare patien...

An abstract is unavailable.

What hope is there for science reform, if we can't agree on what to reform? Right now, principles are more important than practices.

There are comments on PubPeer for publication: Vitamin K2 in Managing Nocturnal Leg Cramps: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2024)

Home page for the paper ‘The Strain on Scientific Publishing’ by Mark A Hanson, Dan Brockington, Paolo Crosetto and Pablo Gomez Barreiro

Abstract. In studies describing socioeconomic inequities in health outcomes, the choice of estimand and the planned analytic approach are central to the in

Importance The protocol of a randomised trial is the foundation for study planning, conduct, reporting, and external review. However, trial protocols vary in their completeness and often do not addres...