Sign in

Carly A. Lasagna

@carlylasagna.bsky.social
292 followers 479 following 21 posts

Clinical Science PhD at UMich | Intern at Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital | NSF GRFP | Social Perception & Decision-Making in Psychosis via Computational Modeling & 🧠

PostsRepliesMedia
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Alexander Tsai, MD @drdrtsai.bsky.social · 25/09/2026
👀👀👀 Tenure-Track Faculty (Open Rank) - R159104 The Ohio State University: College of Public Health: Division of Epidemiology apply.interfolio.com/193631
apply.interfolio.com
Apply - Interfolio {{$ctrl.$state.data.pageTitle}} - Apply - Interfolio
035
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Autumn Kujawa @akujawa.bsky.social · 22/09/2026
✨We’re hiring at Vanderbilt! ✨ Two open tenure track Assistant Professor positions in the Dept of Psychology & Human Development 🧠 For more info and to apply: apply.interfolio.com/194058 Please share!
apply.interfolio.com
Apply - Interfolio {{$ctrl.$state.data.pageTitle}} - Apply - Interfolio
0810
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Tom Rodebaugh @drrodebaugh.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
I'll be reviewing applications for a new student or two for UNC-CH's clinical psychology PhD program! Social anxiety, pain, intensive longitudinal data, all that fun stuff. What prospective applicants get if they email me (so no need): docs.google.com/document/d/1... Lab: tarheels.live/rodelab/
tarheels.live
Welcome to the Rodebaugh Lab Website - Rodebaugh Laboratory
Welcome to the Rodebaugh lab website! Here you can learn about what Dr. Rodebaugh & colleagues are working on and what research is being conducted.
12318
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Ondrej Zika @ondrejzika.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
🚨 💫 💥 Interested in PhD / Postdoc opportunities in computational psychiatry / cognitive neuroscience? My lab at University College Dublin 🇮🇪 is currently accepting expressions of interest for internally funded PhD/Postdoc applications for positions starting in September 2027 (!). 1/
22727
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Sarah C Vogel, PhD @sarahcvogel.bsky.social · 02/09/2026
The UMass Boston Department of Psychology is hiring an assistant professor in our clinical area, with a developmental focus and emphasis on Black children and families. Please spread the word! #psychjobs employmentopportunities.umb.edu/boston/en-us...
employmentopportunities.umb.edu
Page Up - UMass Boston
01212
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Kianté @kiante.bsky.social · 09/09/2026
A few years ago at MathPsych @singmann.bsky.social and I spoke about making an update. Well here it is new rtdists live on CRAN!
0156
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
aaron bornstein @aaronbornstein.bsky.social · 03/09/2026
UC Irvine Cognitive Sciences is hiring! Focus on social cognition, broadly construed. Come be my colleague :) I am not on the search committee but happy to talk about the campus, environment, careers, etc any time. recruit.ap.uci.edu/JPF10411
recruit.ap.uci.edu
Assistant Professor - Cognitive Sciences
University of California, Irvine is hiring. Apply now!
15863
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Jonas Dora @jonasdora.bsky.social · 02/09/2026
I'm super excited to share a new preprint in which @kevinmking.bsky.social and I propose an update to the affect regulation theory of alcohol use: "A mathematical and computational formalization of the affect regulation hypothesis of alcohol use" doi.org/10.31234/osf...
65325
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences @pnas.org · 01/09/2026
One of the most-viewed PNAS Nexus articles in the last week is “Still very much dead and alive: Incoherence in conspiracism as a departure from Bayesian rationality.” Explore now: ow.ly/s8ER50ZHHuK To submit your own research, visit PNAS Nexus at ow.ly/QWHv50ZHGJk.
The Incoherence Score I. The dashed diagonal line represents the coherence boundary calculated as the sum of subjective probabilities of A and B equal to 1.
131
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Andrea Howard @drandreahoward.bsky.social · 31/08/2026
This one!
nature.com
Graduate students need more quantitative methods support - Nature Reviews Psychology
Graduate students in psychology need hands-on support to conduct research using quantitative techniques that exceed their curricular training. Where supervisors are not willing or able to provide this...
1358
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Chelsea Parlett @chelseaparlett.bsky.social · 31/08/2026
I really like this definition of KL Divergence I use in the math review for my course. It highlights that we can measure the similarity between two distributions by understanding how much information we lose when approximating one distribution with the other.
screenshot of my slide on the KL Divergence in a math review that shows that KL = Cross Entropy - Entropy
1494
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Grace Lindsay @neurograce.bsky.social · 30/08/2026
This paper shows how measures and constructs in psychology get introduced but rarely reused. Would love to see a similar analysis done on methods of analyzing neural data. A Fragmented Field: Construct and Measure Proliferation in Psychology" Anvari et al., 2025 journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/...
Treemap plots for (top) personality and social psychology and (bottom) clinical and health psychology. Each tile shows one measure, labeled with its acronym if it fits on the tile. Larger tiles indicate that the measure has been used a higher number of times; the many smaller tiles show fragmentation.
719442
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Markus Brauer @markusbrauer.bsky.social · 30/08/2026
The UW–Madison Department of Psychology is seeking to fill an open-rank faculty position in social psychology. If you know a great candidate, encourage them to apply! jobs.wisc.edu/jobs/assista...
jobs.wisc.edu
Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, or Professor of Psychology - Madison, Wisconsin, United States
Current Employees: If you are currently employed at any of the Universities of Wisconsin, log in to Workday to apply through the internal application process.Job Category:FacultyEmployment Type:Regula...
02112
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Daniel P. Moriarity @dpmoriarity.bsky.social · 16/08/2026
I've sat on this for a couple of days and am really struggling to find an upside to removing clinical trial support from K-awards K23s are an immense opportunity to take people with a unique combination of skills and apply them, for the first time, to clinical trials in a mentored context 1/6
grants.nih.gov
NOT-OD-26-095: REQUEST FOR INFORMATION (RFI): INPUT ON POTENTIAL NIH FUNDING APPROACHES TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE CLINICAL TRIAL INVESTIGATORS
NIH Funding Opportunities and Notices in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts: REQUEST FOR INFORMATION (RFI): INPUT ON POTENTIAL NIH FUNDING APPROACHES TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE CLINICAL ...
2143
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Ivan Tomic @ivntmc.bsky.social · 10/06/2026
Feeling really proud of this one: a review of Bayesian efficient coding with Máté Lengyel and Paul Bays (@bayslab.org) is now available online in TICS! authors.elsevier.com/a/1nF3i4sIRv...
Screenshot of a Trends in Cognitive Sciences article header. Title: 'Bayesian efficient coding as a theory of perception: progress, controversies, and prospects.' Authors: Ivan Tomić, Máté Lengyel, Paul Bays. Available online 9 June 2026, In Press, Corrected Proof.
39834
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Damien Fair @drdamienfair.bsky.social · 15/08/2026
The HBCD Study Data Release 2.1 is here 👇🏾 3,500+ children followed from pregnancy through early childhood: MRI, dMRI, resting-state fMRI, EEG, biospecimens incl. genetics, wearables, and rich behavioral + environmental data. New in 2.1: Olink inflammation markers + the ERICA assessment.
13821
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Sebastian Horn @sebastianshorn.bsky.social · 15/08/2026
Free workshop! Join us Oct 12–13 for 2 days on Decision Making across the Lifespan: keynotes by Joshua Weller & Pär Bjälkebring, talks/posters, research feedback & collaboration. All career stages are very welcome. Register/submit an abstract here: tinyurl.com/aging-decisions #JDM #Aging
184
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Jim Thompson @jimthommo.bsky.social · 13/08/2026
Understanding the actions of other people during social interactions, interpreting body language and facial expressions, etc is cognitively demanding. You need to pay attention - it isn't automatic. Not a big deal, but worth keeping in mind for yourself and for others you might interact with
072
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Humanities & Social Sciences @hss.springernature.com · 13/08/2026
🔍 Behind the Paper: 'The compliment that changes nothing: Understanding negative self-beliefs in depression.' New study by Czekalla et al. shows how people with depression form and update self-related beliefs in response to positive and negative feedback. 🔗 bit.ly/4z8P87Q #PsycSci #CogSci
bit.ly
The compliment that changes nothing: Understanding negative self-beliefs in depression
New study by Czekalla et al. shows how people with depression form and update self-related beliefs in response to positive and negative feedback.
1145
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Miri Forbes @miriforbes.bsky.social · 30/07/2026
I’m recruiting two new PhD students to start in 2027, working with me on my program of research in quantitative psychopathology. I’ve put some information for interested students on my website: miriamkforbes.academic.ws Please share with anyone you know who might be interested!
03130
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Jennifer Tackett @jnfrltackett.bsky.social · 03/08/2026
I'm excited to announce that I will be reviewing graduate student applications for Fall 2027 admissions! I review applications in both the Personality, Development, and Health and the Clinical Science (Weinberg) programs.
sites.northwestern.edu
Research | Personality Across Development Lab
Current Research Topics Leadership Emergence and Development Tackett, J. L., Reardon, K. W., Fast, N. J., Johnson, L., Kang, S. K., Lang, J....
14628
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Jennifer Tackett @jnfrltackett.bsky.social · 07/08/2026
I'm thrilled to announce that we are recruiting a new faculty colleague in our Northwestern University Clinical Science program this fall! Please share widely with your colleagues, students, and mentees! psychology.northwestern.edu/people/facul...
psychology.northwestern.edu
Job Opportunities: Department of Psychology - Northwestern University
02615
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Leah Banellis @leahbanellis.bsky.social · 23/07/2026
Sensing your body (‘Interoception’) is everywhere in theories of mental health. But when we tested how well hundreds of people sensed their heart and lungs, the link to symptoms was almost nowhere to be found. 💣 🚨New @natmentalhealth.nature.com paper 🚨🎉 asks why 🧵 www.nature.com/articles/s44...
1021493
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Shirley Wang @shirleybwang.bsky.social · 23/07/2026
Yale Psychology is hiring an Assistant Professor in Clinical Psychology! Review of applications will begin on September 2, 2026. Link: apply.interfolio.com/188806 Please share widely & apply!
apply.interfolio.com
Apply - Interfolio {{$ctrl.$state.data.pageTitle}} - Apply - Interfolio
03429
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Roxana Zeraati @roxana-zeraati.bsky.social · 07/07/2026
Our paper "Neural timescales from a computational perspective" is finally out in @natneuro.nature.com: www.nature.com/articles/s41... We discuss how computational models and methods can distill empirical observations on neural timescales into quantitative, testable theories of brain computation.
nature.com
Neural timescales from a computational perspective - Nature Neuroscience
This review integrates computational approaches to provide a unified view on how data analysis methods, biophysical mechanistic models and machine learning approaches can help to uncover the origins a...
422986
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Dirk Gütlin @gutlin.bsky.social · 29/06/2026
Predicting continuous outcomes: Some new tests of associative approaches to contingency learning journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol...
journals.plos.org
Predicting continuous outcomes: Some new tests of associative approaches to contingency learning
Author summary When we learn about cause and effect in everyday life—such as whether a medicine helps recovery from illness—we experience outcomes that vary in degree rather than simply happening or n...
073
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Dirk Gütlin @gutlin.bsky.social · 29/06/2026
Disinformation elicits learning biases elifesciences.org/articles/106...
elifesciences.org
Disinformation elicits learning biases
Learning from potential disinformation introduces specific cognitive biases, causing individuals to systematically deviate from an idealized Bayesian updating strategy.
064
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Eiko Fried @eikofried.bsky.social · 28/06/2026
1/ We have a PhD position open on 'Mental Disorders as Harmful Stable States'. If you know students interested in the intersection of mental health & statistical modeling (EMA & time series), please encourage them to apply. www.academictransfer.com/nl/jobs/3621...
academictransfer.com
PhD Position on "Mental disorders as harmful stable states"
PhD Position on “Mental disorders as harmful stable states” The departments Clinical Psychology and Methodology & Statistics, at the Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden Univers...
15446
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
eLife @elife.bsky.social · 27/06/2026
Self-association enhances early attentional selection through automatic prioritization of socially salient signals
buff.ly
Self-association enhances early attentional selection through automatic prioritization of socially salient signals
Self-related information automatically modulates early attentional selection into awareness through mechanisms distinct from physical salience, revealing an obligatory, individualized self-prioritization...
041
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Nature Reviews Neuroscience @natrevneuro.nature.com · 25/06/2026
Acetylcholine: a candidate substrate for hippocampal predictive learning? A Perspective by William de Cothi, Sarah Shipley & Caswell Barry @shipleysj.bsky.social @caswell.bsky.social #neuroscience #neuroskyence www.nature.com/articles/s41...
nature.com
Acetylcholine: a candidate substrate for hippocampal predictive learning? - Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Predictive models have emerged as a normative lens for understanding neural function. In this Perspective, de Cothi, Shipley and Barry plausibly unify the diverse roles of hippocampal acetylcholine in...
13511
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Earthling @ziyatong.bsky.social · 21/06/2026
🎯
@nluewmist / I’m finally reading Dune. This quote which in the first few pages hit hard; “once men turned their thinking over to machines in the hope that this would set them free. But that only let other men with machines to enslave them.”
407211576271
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
M.J. Crockett @mjcrockett.bsky.social · 22/06/2026
Some new work on AI & science: A reporting checklist for LLMs in behavioral science Thanks to @sfeuerriegel.bsky.social for spearheading. As LLMs become more common in research, transparency is essential. We developed a reporting checklist for reporting how LLMs were used - please share! 1/4
nature.com
A reporting checklist for large language models in behavioural science - Nature Human Behaviour
Large language models offer new opportunities for behavioural science, but their rapid evolution poses challenges for research rigour. We introduce a consensus-based reporting checklist to improve tra...
47930
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Nature Human Behaviour @nathumbehav.nature.com · 22/06/2026
Representativeness and response validity across nine opt-in online samples
dlvr.it
Representativeness and response validity across nine opt-in online samples
Nature Human Behaviour, Published online: 22 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41562-026-02438-zStagnaro et al. compare nine opt-in participant samples on measures of response validity, representativeness and professionalism. They find substantial variation across samples and offer guidance for choosing samples based on the research question.
02512
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Nature Human Behaviour @nathumbehav.nature.com · 22/06/2026
Potential mechanisms and functional significance of aperiodic neural activity
dlvr.it
Potential mechanisms and functional significance of aperiodic neural activity
Nature Human Behaviour, Published online: 22 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41562-026-02503-7In this Review, Preston, Smith and Voytek examine aperiodic neural activity in the brain and how measuring aperiodic activity can shed light on brain function and disease.
0154
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Marcelo Mattar @marcelomattar.bsky.social · 19/06/2026
Check out @jonathannicholas.bsky.social 's new preprint measuring eye movements to infer individual memory retrievals during decision making, plus a cool RNN modelof that process. Can't express how excited I am about this new technique!
0408
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
JEP: Human Perception and Performance @jephpp.bsky.social · 05/06/2026
Tip for junior authors: "Filling a gap" is not a theoretical motivation. Before submitting a paper, ask which theory or model predicts a different pattern from yours. If no rival prediction is at stake, you're likely testing an effect, not a theory. #cogpsyc #AcademicSky🧪
2117
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Federico Adolfi @fedeadolfi.bsky.social · 29/05/2026
This one👇🏻 because: 1) the cognitive and brain sciences and AI/ML have typically focused on problem solving and there’s not nearly as much discussion of how we find important problems or what makes a problem worthy of attention; 2) the paper could use more citations. link.springer.com/article/10.1...
link.springer.com
From Empirical Problem-Solving to Theoretical Problem-Finding Perspectives on the Cognitive Sciences - Computational Brain & Behavior
Meta-theoretical perspectives on the research problems and activities of (cognitive) scientists often emphasize empirical problems and problem-solving as the main aspects that account for scientific p...
1224
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Taraz Lee @tarazlee.bsky.social · 28/05/2026
Super excited by this manuscript led by the amazing @brissend.bsky.social By combining fMRI, TMS, and modeling, we finally have causal evidence that the cerebellum is contributing to brain-wide working memory representations and recall performance! 1/n
Plot showing that the read-out of visual working memory information from cerebellum is degraded following stimulation to cerebellum, IPS, or FEF
27534
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Pam Davis-Kean, PhD @umpamdk.bsky.social · 28/05/2026
Enjoying the Barcelona APS and seeing all the @um-src.bsky.social data being presented @psychscience.bsky.social
092
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Richard McElreath 🐈‍⬛ @rmcelreath.bsky.social · 28/05/2026
Thinking about how this might go Listener: My chains aren't converging Andrew: Your model is bad Aki: Your parameterization is bad Richard: The Buddha teaches us that numerical integration is suffering
215725
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Hayley Dorfman @hayleydorfman.bsky.social · 27/05/2026
Join us tomorrow afternoon at #APS2026BCN! @psychscience.bsky.social @ninarouhani.bsky.social @camillephaneuf.bsky.social @katieinsel.bsky.social
APS 2026 symposium poster on Computational insights into how motivational and socio-emotional factors shape decision-making
0187
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Simon Fisher @profsimonfisher.bsky.social · 27/05/2026
A study in @nature.com shows that while complex traits are polygenic in population at large, they have distinct architecture at tails, where rare variants of large effect act as key drivers. Not a surprising finding but neat to see it demonstrated in large UK Biobank cohort across traits & methods.🧪
nature.com
Distinct genetic architecture in the tails of complex traits - Nature
Genome-wide analyses in multiancestry and European cohorts show that in complex traits, rare alleles have disproportionately large effects at the tails of the phenotypic spectrum compared with common ...
25217
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Harrison Ritz @hritz.bsky.social · 27/05/2026
direct.mit.edu/imag/article...
direct.mit.edu
Building Bridges Between Brain and Behavior: An Open-Source Toolbox for Joint Modeling with fMRI
Abstract. Understanding how neural activity relates to behavior remains a central challenge in cognitive neuroscience. Joint modeling offers a principled method by simultaneously fitting behavioral an...
0104
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Richard McElreath 🐈‍⬛ @rmcelreath.bsky.social · 27/05/2026
It is my mission in life to spend 15 minutes writing footnotes that maybe 3 people will read.
Translating the DAG in Figure 2B to structural equations, we have Y(t) = aZ, Y(t+1) = bZ + cY(t), ΔY = Y(t+1) – Y(t). Set all variances to 1 for simplicity. Then the total covariance between Z and ΔY is cov(Z,ΔY) = cov(Z,Y(t+1)) – cov(Z,Y(t)) = [b+ac] – [a] = b + a(c–1). Only when c=1 is the true direct effect b recovered without bias. If c<1, then the analysis will underestimate the influence of Z on Y(t+1).
5541
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces, PhD @lluaces.bsky.social · 20/05/2026
1/ Another @sadcatlab.bsky.social paper 👀 Cognitive change methods and cognitive change in CBTs: are they important? What do we know? What is anything? Here we draw a link between the literature on cognitive reappraisal and cognitive restructuring in CBTs. psycnet.apa.org/record/2027-...
The Role of Cognitive Reappraisal in Cognitive–Behavioral Therapies: Myths, Misconceptions, and Future Directions Robert E. Fite 1 , Steven D. Hollon 2 , and Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces
2279
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Eiko Fried @eikofried.bsky.social · 20/05/2026
100% worth your 63 seconds if you have my reading speed. sinceyouarrived.world/taken
sinceyouarrived.world
taken.
A web page that tells you what your browser gave away the moment you arrived. No login, no form, no permission. Most pages do this. None of them tell you.
125429
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Nathaniel Haines @natehaines.bsky.social · 20/05/2026
some big news! hBayesDM has now been fully ported to cmdstan/cmdstanr/cmdstanpy check out the PR below, or the changelog for an overview: PR: github.com/CCS-Lab/hBay... Changelog: ccs-lab.github.io/hBayesDM/new... stay tuned for some additional features coming soon, including covariate support 🤓
github.com
feature: hBayesDM version 2.0 by Nathaniel-Haines · Pull Request #182 · CCS-Lab/hBayesDM
hBayesDM 2.0 — modernize stack & toolchain Top-to-bottom refactor of both the R and Python packages onto current Stan tooling, plus the supporting work to keep behavior, docs, and CI in sync. H...
2154
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Arkady Konovalov @arkadykonovalov.bsky.social · 13/05/2026
📣 New preprint 📣 "Neural Dynamics of Belief and Value Computations Guiding Strategic Social Decisions" We use EEG and computational modeling (combining learning + DDM) to explain participants' choices, RT, and neural signals in a strategic game. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
biorxiv.org
Neural Dynamics of Belief and Value Computations Guiding Strategic Social Decisions
Successful strategic behavior must be grounded in beliefs about the opponent and her intentions. While many potential models have been proposed to explain choices in such situations, the neural mechanisms that govern learning and choice in complex strategic contexts remain poorly understood. Here, we use a computational model that combines dynamic learning and choice mechanisms to explain both choices and response times of human participants engaged in a competitive strategic task. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we identify temporally structured stages of neural processing that support an evolving value-based decision process, corresponding to first- and second-order belief updates and evidence accumulation related to the comparison of action values. Gamma-band phase coupling between central and parietal EEG signals varied with individual winning rate, suggesting that strategic behavior involves coordinated information transfer across spatially remote areas. Together, our data characterize the temporally evolving neural dynamics of belief and valuation processes that underlie strategic choice and provide neural validation for assumptions embedded in computational models of this behavior. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. European Research Council, 725355
0188
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Trends in Cognitive Sciences @cp-trendscognsci.bsky.social · 13/05/2026
Online Now: Rhythmic sampling of decision alternatives through attention
dlvr.it
Rhythmic sampling of decision alternatives through attention
Recent work by Siems et al. shows that the brain rhythmically samples competing alternatives through covert spatial attention. This challenges continuous models of decision-making and suggests that evaluation is temporally structured by oscillatory dynamics, with attention determining when alternatives are accessed rather than reflecting changes in their representations.
0134
Reposted by Carly A. Lasagna
Dr. Yin Wang @bruceyinwang.bsky.social · 12/05/2026
1/ I’m excited to share our new @NatureHumBehav paper “Social Functioning in Autism: A Systematic Review & Meta-analysis” 🧵We synthesized 35 yrs of autism research to ask a fundamental Question: How is social functioning organized, developed, and altered in autism? Free link: rdcu.be/figGl
rdcu.be
Social functioning in autism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Nature Human Behaviour - Impaired social functioning is a core feature of autism spectrum disorders. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes the evidence for this across studies...
23011