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Archaeology’s Golden Opportunity: Transforming the Science of Global Environmental Change

A widespread dieback of forests due to climate change 56 million years ago has parallels with today.

Doubt is still their product

Abstract. Insect outbreaks are major biotic disturbances in forest ecosystems. Defoliating insects reduce leaf area, limiting photosynthetic capacity and r

This contribution examines the significant ecological consequences of extensive pine afforestation in the western Iberian Peninsula since the mid-20th…

Aim Pinus sylvestris is the most widely distributed Pinus species in the world, highlighting its ecological, economic and socio-cultural importance. The Iberian Peninsula marks its south-western dis.....

Extreme environments, whether defined by climate, soils, or disturbance, at landscape or micro-scales, are prevalent across Earth's surface and have long served as crucibles for ecological and evolut...

Chronic anthropogenic disturbances (i.e., the continuous removal of small portions of forest biomass) are pervasive in tropical dry forest. We demonstrate that these disturbances trigger consistent changes across multiple ecological levels, from population to ecosystem levels. Plant populations exhibit contrasting responses, with some species being negatively affected, whereas others persist or even thrive. Communities become species-poor and dominated by disturbance-adapted plant and animal species. At the ecosystem level, chronic disturbances reduce forest biomass, soil nutrient concentration/stocks, productivity, and the provision of ecosystem services. Collectively, these responses drive dry forests across four potential transitions: arrested succession, forest–shrub conversion, novel ecosystems, and desertification.