Severe COVID-19 is associated with an increased subsequent risk of lung cancer. Viral pneumonia induces durable lung epigenetic imprinting that promotes tumor-supportive neutrophils and impairs T cell...

The rapid spread of highly pathogenic avian H5 influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b in U.S. cattle represents an urgent and evolving public health threat. Our findings reveal that pre-existing immunity, whether from seasonal H1N1 infection or live-attenuated vaccination, can confer substantial protection against lethal bovine- and feline-derived HPAI H5N1 viruses, even in the absence of strong cross-neutralizing antibody titers. By integrating T cell epitope mapping with mechanistic depletion studies, we demonstrate that conserved CD4 and CD8 T cell epitopes across H1N1 and H5N1 strains underpin this cross-protection. Critically, loss of CD4 T cell help during primary H1N1 infection disrupts the development of cross-reactive antibody responses and markedly worsens outcomes after H5N1 challenge. These results identify memory T cell responses as important determinants of heterosubtypic immunity and highlight the need to incorporate T cell-focused metrics into risk assessment, vaccine evaluation, and preparedness strategies for emerging HPAI H5N1 viruses.

Pilley et al. describe how metabolite levels change in 12 organs from male and female mice across five ages, spanning adolescence to old age. They reveal that organs show distinct age- and sex-specific changes in metabolism. They also develop metabolic clocks that predict putative metabolic drivers of aging, including hydroxyproline.

H5N1 influenza virus in pasteurized milk does not alter immunity in mice, suggesting limited health risks from consumption.

H5N1 influenza virus in pasteurized milk does not alter immunity in mice, suggesting limited health risks from consumption.

Proteins and genetic material from H5N1 influenza viruses have been found in pasteurized milk in the United States, but a study from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital shows those inactive viral pieces represent little to no health risk.

#18,865 One of the topics we've touched on repeatedly over the past twenty years has been the - as yet, unquantified - risks of preparing, ...

On February 7, the Trump administration moved to cut billions of dollars in funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Science …

NIH Funding Opportunities and Notices in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts: Supplemental Guidance to the 2024 NIH Grants Policy Statement: Indirect Cost Rates NOT-OD-25-068. OD

Combinations of the highly polymorphic KIR and HLA-I genes are associated with numerous human diseases. Interpreting these associations requires a molecular understanding of the multiple killer-cell i...

Stable epigenetic changes indicate the existence of an obesogenic memory in mouse adipocytes that primes cells for pathological responses in an obesogenic environment and potentially contributes to th...