Age-related changes in endocannabinoid system (ECS) activity might contribute to the decline in cognitive function observed during ageing. In this review, Andreas Zimmer discusses how evidence from ge...

The skeleton is innervated by neurons that convey sensory information to the CNS and release neuroregulatory peptides to influence the bone microenvironment. James and colleagues describe the mechanis...

The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded jointly to Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel “for discoveries leading to ...

Some of the least understood phenomena in the brain emerge from interactions between local and global brain states, yet representing their joint activity is a considerable computational challenge. As ...

The capacity to self-evaluate and control one’s own cognitive performance, known as metacognition, underpins adaptive learning, social behaviours and self-belief. Stephen Fleming outlines our current ...

In this Journal Club, Yu Qi discusses a 2021 study that reported a brain–computer interface that used neural activity in the motor cortex to decode attempted handwriting in real time.

Recent years have witnessed major advances in our understanding of the distinct functional and computational roles of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC). Mazen Kheirbek and colleagues examine the state-de...

The mechanisms underlying electrical transmission are often viewed as relatively simple compared with those mediating chemical transmission, yet electrical synapses exhibit dynamic changes in structur...

Neural network models can express computational hypotheses about brain information processing, but their high parametric capacity makes discriminating model alignment to experimental data challenging....

Early-life exposure to stressors can lead to increased stress susceptibility in later life, shown here to be mediated in mice by SETD7-mediated monomethylation of H3K4 in dopaminergic neurons of the v...

Understanding how early life stress becomes biologically embedded remains a major challenge in neuroscience. In this Review, Maze and colleagues discuss recent advances in cell-type-specific epigeneti...

Parental care is a conserved and robust feature of mammalian reproductive behaviour, but is highly variable, even within individuals. Jamieson and Kohl describe the neural circuits that drive parental...

Parental care is a conserved and robust feature of mammalian reproductive behaviour, but is highly variable, even within individuals. Jamieson and Kohl describe the neural circuits that drive parental...

Neural oscillations across a range of frequencies contribute to the cerebellum’s roles in perception, prediction and action. Koch and colleagues describe the microcircuit dynamics through which cerebe...

In this Journal Club, Guilhem Ibos reflects on a 2011 study linking the neurophysiology of attention with the neuromodulation of cognitive functions.

Spontaneous brain activity is experimentally unconstrained. Embracing this freedom unlocks rich opportunities beyond task-based and naturalistic paradigms, the traditional Herculean pillars of constra...

In this Journal Club, Laura Bradfield discusses a 1998 study showing that scrub jays exhibit episodic-like memory.

In this Journal Club, M. Jerome Beetz highlights a study published 2021 that examined hippocampal representation of large environments in flying bats.

In this Tools of the Trade article, Omid Yaghmazadeh describes the proof-of-concept development of transcranial radio frequency stimulation in mice, a potentially scalable and effective therapeutic pl...

In this Tools of the Trade article, Colleen McLaughlin describes endocytome profiling, a systematic and quantitative approach for monitoring of cell-surface protein remodelling in the intact brain.

In this Journal Club, Renata Batista-Brito discusses a 2009 study that showed that a population of inhibitory hub neurons orchestrate network synchrony in the developing hippocampus.

Transcriptomic microglial states are shaped by development, ageing, genetics, environment and disease. In this Review, Eggen and Kooistra discuss how the formation of so-called hidden immune-memory st...

Neuronal and glial mitochondria support neuronal circuit function and plasticity through the supply of energetic substrates and the regulation of cellular physiology. Sandi and colleagues describe how...

Motor neuron disorders involve complex interactions between multiple CNS cell types, which are challenging to model in 2D in vitro conditions. Frizzi and colleagues describe recent advances in induced...

Predictive models have emerged as a normative lens for understanding neural function. In this Perspective, de Cothi, Shipley and Barry plausibly unify the diverse roles of hippocampal acetylcholine in...

Recent technological advances have provided novel understanding of the spatiotemporal relationship between gene expression and protein levels. In this Review, Khakh and colleagues summarize recent wor...

N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is installed on many mRNAs and non-coding RNAs and regulates gene expression by affecting RNA–protein interactions. In this Review, Enakshi Sivasudhan and Kate Meyer discuss h...

AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. Derek Bowie and colleagues describe recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory layers that operate across th...

Nature Reviews Neuroscience - Structured social hierarchies, in which individuals differ in their access to resources and influence over other group members, are a characteristic of many social...

Many physical, social, lifestyle and systemic body factors — collectively termed the ‘exposome’ — can influence brain and behavioural phenotypes across the lifespan. In this Perspective, Sarah Genon a...

Structured social hierarchies, in which individuals differ in their access to resources and influence over other group members, are a characteristic of many social species. Rongzhen Yan and Dayu Lin d...

Despite rapid exploitation of the opportunities that contextualization of brain maps affords, potential limitations have received little attention. In this Roadmap, Royer et al. provide practical guid...

The auditory system differs from other senses in the complexity of its subcortical pathways. King and colleagues examine how subcortical structures transform sound representations and integrate sensor...

Recent advances in large-scale electrophysiology now enable researchers to record from thousands of neurons distributed across the brain. Siegle and Steinmetz describe the principles underlying this t...

Lung diseases drive substantial hospitalization, but available therapies remain limited. In this Review, Talbot and colleagues highlight pulmonary neuroimmunology — the bidirectional crosstalk between...

Categorization, the grouping of objects, living organisms, actions or events into equivalence clusters, is fundamental to adaptive behaviour. In this Perspective, Barrett and Miller discuss evidence t...

Astrocytic Ca2+ signalling is a fundamental and highly spatiotemporally nuanced mechanism for maintaining brain homeostasis. In this Review, Bacskai and colleagues discuss how astrocytic Ca2+ homeosta...