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The US science-funding agency is withholding $1 billion of its budget so that the money can go to a special White House project.

Retinal vascular layers form normally despite loss of cholinergic retinal waves. Müller glial processes contact endothelial tip cells early and form Aquaporin-4-enriched endfeet. Glial endfoot c...

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Animals must constantly calibrate the costs and benefits of exploration of an environment based on expectations of danger. These decisions are strongly shaped by past experience of perceived threats w...

Northwestern Medicine scientists have discovered that light plays a key role in how animals perceive environmental threats, findings that have the potential to improve the understanding of risk avoidance behaviors and related disorders in humans, according to a study published in Nature Communications.

In this study, the authors describe how light shapes a long-term threat avoidance behavior via a visual circuit linking the eye with the limbic system in mice.

Nature - The inability of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells to shift the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus during daytime is caused by light-dependent depolarization...

During natural behaviour, changes in the visual scene are largely driven by the subject’s own movements, which can be actively generated (e.g., walking) or passively imposed by external forces (e.g., ...

Vertebrate eyes first evolved in water, where spectral content rapidly fades with distance. Zebrafish exploit this loss by antagonizing cone signals to suppress the background, pointing to distance es...

Circadian photoentrainment depends on intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which convey environmental light information to th…

Purpose Recent studies show that glioblastoma (GBM) is more sensitive to temozolomide (TMZ) in the morning. In cells, inhibiting O6-Methylguanine-DNA-Methyltransferase (MGMT) abolished time-dependent ...

Puthussery’s discoveries about the retina are paving the way for new treatments for eye disease and vision loss

Sensory neurons can be influenced by stimuli beyond their receptive field center, yet the mechanisms underlying this surround modulation remain poorly understood. In the retina, many OFF ganglion cell...

Nature Communications - This study reveals that graded expression of the transcription factor BRN3B fine-tunes the identity and function of melanopsin-expressing ipRGC subtypes in the retina....

Nature Communications - LRFN2 in cone photoreceptors is vital for building the OFF pathway. Here authors report this cell-adhesion molecule stabilizes contacts with OFF bipolar cells, clusters...

Avoidance learning—learning to avoid bad outcomes—is an essential survival behavior. Dopamine signals are widely observed in response to aversive stim…