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Jaan Aru

@jaanaru.bsky.social
3.7K followers 1.1K following 112 posts

Raising two kids, co-PI-lot of the Natural and Artificial Intelligence Lab & trying to do some funky research on the intersection of neuroscience, psychology and AI. Estonian nail.cs.ut.ee scholar.google.de/citations?user=Fv…

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Reposted by Jaan Aru
Evan Thompson @evanthompson.bsky.social · 02/05/2026
Another nail in the coffin of computational functionalism. Excellent paper by @neuromorphicboki.bsky.social and @jaanaru.bsky.social www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
sciencedirect.com
On biological and artificial consciousness: A case for biological computationalism
The rapid advances in the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have galvanised public and scientific debates over whether artificial systems m…
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Francesco Ellia @ellia.bsky.social · 17/04/2026
New open-access paper out in Trends in Cognitive Sciences: Explanation, scope, and perspective: sources of schismogenesis in consciousness science Francesco Ellia & Naotsugu Tsuchiya A thread 1/n🧵 www.cell.com/trends/cogni...
cell.com
Explanation, scope, and perspective: sources of schismogenesis in consciousness science
Contemporary consciousness science faces an impasse: competing theoretical frameworks—structuralist versus functionalist, universal versus local, intrinsic versus extrinsic—appear to be inducing philo...
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Michael Gaebler @michaelgaebler.com · 01/04/2026
Wholehearted recommendation to listen to @jaanaru.bsky.social on @braininspired.bsky.social ! So much in there about neurobiological theories of consciousness but also about academic freedom and diversity! 🧠🌍🌎🌏🧠
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 19/03/2026
Did someone want systematic reviews of the effects of psychedelics? We have two: A review of electrophysiology, out now in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral reviews www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti... And a review of cognitive effects in J of Psychopharmacology journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10....
sciencedirect.com
Electrophysiological Mechanisms of Psychedelic Drugs: A Systematic Review
Serotonergic psychedelics are known for their profound effects on consciousness and are gaining renewed interest as potential psychiatric treatments. …
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The Transmitter @thetransmitter.bsky.social · 11/02/2026
In the latest @braininspired.bsky.social, @jaanaru.bsky.social argues that our brain’s computations are of a different nature than any AI; brains compute across spatial and temporal scales, and the computations are entwined with the biological materials. www.thetransmitter.org/brain-inspir...
thetransmitter.org
Modern AI is simply no match for the complexity likely required for harboring consciousness, says Jaan Aru
He argues that our brain’s computations are of a completely different nature than any artificial intelligence because they take place across many spatial and temporal scales and are inextricably…
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Jakob Hohwy @hohwy.bsky.social · 07/02/2026
"The Self-Evidencing Agent" - my new book - is out now with @mitpress.bsky.social Can be purchased, or just download the whole thing for free, via the 'Open Access' option. I'm grateful to @anilseth.bsky.social and Karl Friston for the generous endorsements. mitpress.mit.edu/978026255389...
mitpress.mit.edu
The Self-Evidencing Agent
What is it to be a human individual, an agent? According to Jakob Hohwy, it is to “self-evidence,” to actively seek out sensory evidence for one&...
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Anil Seth @anilseth.bsky.social · 19/12/2025
A third way between computational functionalism and biological naturalism? @neuromorphicboki.bsky.social & @jaanaru.bsky.social think so 👇
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 18/12/2025
The prospect of artificial consciousness might be both over- and underrated 🤔
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 10/12/2025
Under challenging conditions, human vision turns into iterative problem solving. Typical deep learning algorithms don't do this. Our paper out now in Plos Computational Biology journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol... work led by @tarunkhajuria.bsky.social #visionscience #neuroAI
journals.plos.org
Comparing a computational model of visual problem solving with human vision on a difficult vision task
Author summary Human vision is not just about passively receiving information from the environment. Rather, it also involves actively making sense of what we see. When faced with unclear or incomplete...
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 04/10/2025
There is a lot of talk about LLMs revolutionizing education. But once you get into it, things are not that trivial. Here, we summarize the questions that emerge when trying to implement AI Tutors nationwide. Out now in @cp-trendscognsci.bsky.social #edusky authors.elsevier.com/a/1ltdo4sIRv...
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Andrew (Andy) Dykstra @adykstra.bsky.social · 20/09/2025
Our open-access article - Testing circuit-level theories of consciousness in humans - together with Yunkai Zhu, Carolina Fernandez Pujol, @dvwz.bsky.social, @jonescompneurolab.bsky.social, @tmarvan.bsky.social, and @danclab.bsky.social, was just published @cp-trendscognsci.bsky.social.
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 25/08/2025
Could we understand vision as a type of problem-solving? In this new paper, we develop a computational model that iteratively refines the hypothesis about the visual input with evolutionary search. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1... work led by @tarunkhajuria.bsky.social #visionscience #neuroAI
The difficult constellation image is solved by generating candidate solutions with a GAN and refined using a genetic search conditioned on best fitting of the solution outline to the dots on the constellation image.
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 11/07/2025
We systematically reviewed 23 in vitro and 26 in vivo electrophysiological studies on psychedelic compounds, with an emphasis on layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Our results challenge the simplified view that psychedelics uniformly increase cortical excitability www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025
If you're interested in consciousness, please check this accepted chapter where I try to confront two major assumptions 1) the NCC is probably some type of pattern of spiking 2) we're close to figuring out the computations underlying consciousness arxiv.org/abs/2506.21485 #consci #assc28 🧵👇
arxiv.org
The assumptions that restrain us from understanding consciousness
The science of consciousness has been successful over the last decades. Yet, it seems that some of the key questions remain unanswered. Perhaps, as a science of consciousness, we cannot move forward u...
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Benjamin Riley @benjaminjriley.bsky.social · 27/05/2025
Researchers in Estonia created a logic game that requires creating a mental model of a haunted house. It's not easy! Only 31% of humans can solve it. But that's way better than generative AI models. The game is fun, try it via the link below. Whatever we mean by reasoning, this is reasoning.
Graph of data showing 31% humans can solve haunted house task, whereas almost all LLM models score 0%. GPT o3-mini-high scores 10%, Claude 3 Opus scores 5%
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 26/05/2025
A great thread by Matthew Larkum on our recent paper🧵 He clarifies how we model the experiment with the Turing machine and ends his thread with the hard choice the computational functionalist must face😢
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 23/05/2025
The belief that artificial consciousness is coming crucially depends on the assumption that consciousness is a computation. In this new paper, we'll try to convince you that consciousness cannot be a computation w Albert Gidon and M.Larkum www.frontiersin.org/journals/neu... #neuroAI #consci
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Anil Seth @anilseth.bsky.social · 14/05/2025
'The illusion of Conscious AI' - new short piece of @bigthink.com bigthink.com/neuropsych/t... (for the longer version, see my Behavioural and Brain Sciences target article, which is now accepting commentary proposals): www.cambridge.org/core/journal... 🧠
bigthink.com
The illusion of conscious AI
Neuroscientist Anil Seth explains why people often overestimate how likely it is that AI will become conscious.
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PessoaBrain @pessoabrain.bsky.social · 19/05/2025
𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗹 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗯𝘂𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝗱𝗼𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝘁 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸? Don't expect simple mappings between mind and brain. Check out this piece I wrote for Aeon. aeon.co/essays/how-t...
aeon.co
How the human brain is like a murmuration of starlings | Aeon Essays
The brain is much less like a machine than it is like the murmurations of a flock of starlings or an orchestral symphony
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Thomas Andrillon @thomasandrillon.bsky.social · 24/04/2025
With immense pleasure, here is our #TICS opinion paper on "mind blanking"! @cp-trendscognsci.bsky.social **Where is my mind?** A neurocognitive investigation of mind blanking www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti... With Jenny Windt, @antoinelutz.bsky.social and @ademertzi.bsky.social
authors.elsevier.com
ScienceDirect.com | Science, health and medical journals, full text articles and books.
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Martin Hebart @martinhebart.bsky.social · 15/04/2025
Proud to announce our primer on "Ten principles for reliable, efficient, and adaptable coding in psychology and cognitive neuroscience" www.nature.com/articles/s44... This primer is for beginners to get started, advanced programmers to improve, and PIs. #psychology #psychsci #cogsci #neuroskyence
nature.com
Ten principles for reliable, efficient, and adaptable coding in psychology and cognitive neuroscience - Communications Psychology
Programming is essential for modern research in neuroscience and psychology, but it can quickly become a source of frustration and error. This Primer introduces ten practical principles guiding resear...
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PessoaBrain @pessoabrain.bsky.social · 08/04/2025
𝗕𝗲𝘆𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀: 𝗧𝗼𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗔𝗱𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘅𝗶𝘁𝘆 How can network science tackle complex biological systems? Substantially reworked version Largely conceptual, would be happy to see others fill in details or collaborate if people find it of value osf.io/preprints/os... #complexity
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Steven Scholte @neurosteven.bsky.social · 14/04/2025
I am so happy—this is the first 1st author paper I have written, since the cancer diagnosis of my late wife seven years ago. 📑 PAPER ALERT: "Beyond binding: from modular to natural vision" in Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2025) sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
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Ben Hayden @benhayden.bsky.social · 11/04/2025
New paper from the Neurosurgery Research Team at BCM! "Learning and language in the unconscious human hippocampus" www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
biorxiv.org
Learning and language in the unconscious human hippocampus
Consciousness is a fundamental component of cognition, but the degree to which higher-order perception relies on it remains disputed. Here we demonstrate the persistence of learning, semantic processi...
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 05/03/2025
We created the simplest possible scenario for testing the flexibility of world models in LLMs and humans🌍 Your favorite model cannot really solve the game (also tested DeepSeek and O3 mini). If you try hard, you can💪 paper osf.io/preprints/os... game paul-henryp.github.io/hauntedhouse
osf.io
OSF
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Liad Mudrik @liadmudrik.bsky.social · 17/02/2025
2.5 years after ‘the great debate’ at ASSC Amsterdam, we revisit it: Lamme, @standehaene.bsky.social , @smfleming.bsky.social , Boly and @anilseth.bsky.social present their theories, and Melloni and myself try to extract some insights and criticisms. >>> www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
sciencedirect.com
Unpacking the complexities of consciousness: Theories and reflections
As the field of consciousness science matures, the research agenda has expanded from an initial focus on the neural correlates of consciousness, to de…
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 11/02/2025
From tiny aha's to big realizations: The bigger the conflict, the deeper the insight💡 🌩️ We propose a new theory of mental breakthroughs bridging insights from problem-solving, psychotherapy, psychedelics, and meditation. out now in Cognition Free access: authors.elsevier.com/a/1ka-O2Hx2-...
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 13/01/2025
I have a post-doc position to study the effect of AI on education. How can we ensure that AI tools enhance natural intelligence? The position is a part of the Estonian Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence. Please repost - not easy to get people to work in Estonia 🥶 #edusky #neuroAI
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 13/01/2025
What's the difference between artificial and human creativity? In this new paper, I also discuss how AI may negatively affect the internal processes of human creativity, such as the development of skills, creative authenticity, and the diversity of ideas onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Artificial Intelligence and the Internal Processes of Creativity
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of generating creative outputs are reshaping our understanding of creativity. This shift presents an opportunity for creativity researchers to reevaluate ...
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 16/12/2024
The issue is perhaps this: biological neurons are cells, artificial neurons are just a piece of code. H1: this difference doesn't matter as all computation is done by weights & spiking patterns H2: this difference matters, as weights & spiking are just one aspect To me, this is far from settled.
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 12/12/2024
Post-doc position: AI might often enhance natural stupidity But which factors determine whether AI will lead to smarter humans or more natural stupidity? Let's figure it out 👋 🙏 Please repost so I could find someone crazy enough to work w me in Estonia on this✍️ ✉️ #edusky #psychscisky #neuroAI
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 12/12/2024
Post-doc position: AI might often enhance natural stupidity But which factors determine whether AI will lead to smarter humans or more natural stupidity? Let's figure it out 👋 🙏 Please repost so I could find someone crazy enough to work w me in Estonia on this✍️ ✉️ #edusky #psychscisky #neuroAI
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Roger Beaty @roger-beaty.bsky.social · 06/12/2024
Interesting paper by @jaanaru.bsky.social on human vs AI creativity. Argues while both can produce similar creative products, the internal processes are very different - from neural architecture to the role of conscious experience.
arxiv.org
Artificial intelligence and the internal processes of creativity
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of generating creative outputs are reshaping our understanding of creativity. This shift presents an opportunity for creativity researchers to reevaluate t...
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 09/12/2024
How similar are artificial and human creativity? What is the effect of artificial creativity on our creativity? In a new paper, I approach these questions through the lens of neuroscience and consciousness research and make some observations🔍 #psychscisky #neuroAI #consci arxiv.org/abs/2412.04366
arxiv.org
Artificial intelligence and the internal processes of creativity
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of generating creative outputs are reshaping our understanding of creativity. This shift presents an opportunity for creativity researchers to reevaluate t...
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 03/12/2024
A new experimentally-supported theoretical framework to analyze individual variability in biological and artificial systems performing flexible decision-making tasks A fresh Nature paper from the Brody lab 🍾 #neuroskyence #neuroAI www.nature.com/articles/s41...
nature.com
Individual variability of neural computations underlying flexible decisions - Nature
XXX.
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 25/11/2024
"A central challenge for our brain lies in the selective activation of only those model components that are relevant to the current task at hand." In this new paper, the authors propose a novel scheme of how the brain might do it: www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
sciencedirect.com
Contextualizing predictive minds
The structure of human memory seems to be optimized for efficient prediction, planning, and behavior. We propose that these capacities rely on a tripa…
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 25/11/2024
Consciousness science is stuck. Hence, we need more papers like 👇: a bold and beautiful new hypothesis on the functions of consciousness. 🍾
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 22/11/2024
Unifying prefrontal sequence memory with hippocampal maps The authors "develop a mathematical theory relating the algorithms and representations of episodic memory and working memory by unveiling a duality between storing memories in synapses versus neural activity". www.cell.com/neuron/fullt...
cell.com
A tale of two algorithms: Structured slots explain prefrontal sequence memory and are unified with hippocampal cognitive maps
The algorithm of the prefrontal working memory system on sequence memory tasks is not well understood, whereas it is well understood for the hippocampal episodic memory system. This work shows a mathe...
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Kate Nave @kathrynnave.eurosky.social · 12/11/2024
'A Drive to Survive' is available for pre-order! mitpress.mit.edu/978026255132... And while it doesn't yet have a cover it does have some very nice blurbs from @evanthompson.bsky.social and Andy Clark, two of the philosophers who most inspired its content.
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 20/11/2024
The craziest paper I have ever done is this thought experiment with Albert Gidon and Matt Larkum. In the first journal, reviewer 1 recommended that we should not try to publish this; reviewer 2 called it "wacky". Thanks for the motivation: A sequel is coming up! journals.plos.org/plosbiology/...
journals.plos.org
Does brain activity cause consciousness? A thought experiment
The authors of this Essay examine whether action potentials cause consciousness in a three-step thought experiment that assumes technology is advanced enough to fully manipulate our brains.
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 17/11/2024
A potential role for the thalamus in demixing cortical signals while providing a low-dimensional pathway for cortico-cortical communication New paper from Halassa lab in Nature www.nature.com/articles/s41...
nature.com
Prefrontal transthalamic uncertainty processing drives flexible switching - Nature
By examining neural responses from tree shrews performing hierarchical decision tasks with rule reversals, the authors identify a thalamocortical mechanism for regulating cognitive flexibility.
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 12/02/2024
Here’s the result of a massive collaboration within the Human Brain Project to pinpoint what we know about the neural mechanisms of consciousness across scales. ⚖️ led by J.Storm, with @chrisklink.bsky.social and many others accepted in Neuron osf.io/preprints/ps...
osf.io
OSF
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Blake Richards @tyrellturing.bsky.social · 31/01/2024
We did @jaanaru.bsky.social's Shallow Brain Hypothesis in journal club this week. It was a fun discussion! #neuroskyence #brains #deeplearning My hot take for you, @jaanaru.bsky.social, is that the core idea is 100% correct, but I think "shallow" is the wrong word (explanation in next post):
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 15/01/2024
Our paper on mental navigation as a framework for psychotherapy has been accepted 🍾🥳 osf.io/preprints/ps... Here's also a pop-science article about our approach by @kabrel.bsky.social : psyche.co/ideas/boost-... #NeuroSkyence #PsychSciSky
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 05/01/2024
How will work on artificial intelligence change our understanding of consciousness? I think it demonstrates that the neural mechanisms of consciousness are way more complex than our current theories of consciousness assume. www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJa7... #neuroskyence #consciousness #PsychSciSky
youtube.com
Science of Consciousness in the Age of Artificial Intelligence --- Jaan Aru
Part of the Progress and Visions in Consciousness Science online seminar series organized by AMCS, MESEC, and OMCAN.
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Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 25/11/2023
Perhaps it is time to rethink some assumptions about the importance of hierarchical processing in the cortex. Neuroanatomical facts tell us that cortical hierarchical processing cannot be the only game in town. #NeuroSkyence #PsychSciSky
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PessoaBrain @pessoabrain.bsky.social · 17/11/2023
𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗹𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀, neuroscience meeting is over, what are we to do?? Join Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social in discussing his recent review paper in the Neuroscience & Philosophy Salon. Nov 22, 12:30pm (US eastern) Register here: umd.zoom.us/meeting/regi...
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Johannes Kleiner @johanneskleiner.bsky.social · 17/11/2023
Join us for @jaanaru.bsky.social's talk on Monday! 👉 amcs-community.org/events/progr... #consci
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Evan Thompson @evanthompson.bsky.social · 03/11/2023
Important new paper by @jaanaru.bsky.social matthew larkin & @macshine.bsky.social on the limitations of LLMs with regard to consciousness www.cell.com/trends/neuro...
cell.com
The feasibility of artificial consciousness through the lens of neuroscience
Interactions with large language models (LLMs) have led to the suggestion that these models may soon be conscious. From the perspective of neuroscience, this position is difficult to defend. For one, ...
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