Reposted by Jaan AruEvan Thompson @evanthompson.bsky.social · 02/05/2026Another nail in the coffin of computational functionalism. Excellent paper by @neuromorphicboki.bsky.social and @jaanaru.bsky.social www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...sciencedirect.comOn biological and artificial consciousness: A case for biological computationalismThe rapid advances in the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have galvanised public and scientific debates over whether artificial systems m… 32510
Reposted by Jaan AruFrancesco Ellia @ellia.bsky.social · 17/04/2026New open-access paper out in Trends in Cognitive Sciences: Explanation, scope, and perspective: sources of schismogenesis in consciousness science Francesco Ellia & Naotsugu Tsuchiya A thread 1/n🧵 www.cell.com/trends/cogni...cell.comExplanation, scope, and perspective: sources of schismogenesis in consciousness scienceContemporary consciousness science faces an impasse: competing theoretical frameworks—structuralist versus functionalist, universal versus local, intrinsic versus extrinsic—appear to be inducing philo... 1269
Reposted by Jaan AruMichael Gaebler @michaelgaebler.com · 01/04/2026Wholehearted recommendation to listen to @jaanaru.bsky.social on @braininspired.bsky.social ! So much in there about neurobiological theories of consciousness but also about academic freedom and diversity! 🧠🌍🌎🌏🧠 261
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 19/03/2026Did someone want systematic reviews of the effects of psychedelics? We have two: A review of electrophysiology, out now in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral reviews www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti... And a review of cognitive effects in J of Psychopharmacology journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10....sciencedirect.comElectrophysiological Mechanisms of Psychedelic Drugs: A Systematic ReviewSerotonergic psychedelics are known for their profound effects on consciousness and are gaining renewed interest as potential psychiatric treatments. … 0163
Reposted by Jaan AruThe Transmitter @thetransmitter.bsky.social · 11/02/2026In the latest @braininspired.bsky.social, @jaanaru.bsky.social argues that our brain’s computations are of a different nature than any AI; brains compute across spatial and temporal scales, and the computations are entwined with the biological materials. www.thetransmitter.org/brain-inspir...thetransmitter.orgModern AI is simply no match for the complexity likely required for harboring consciousness, says Jaan AruHe argues that our brain’s computations are of a completely different nature than any artificial intelligence because they take place across many spatial and temporal scales and are inextricably… 0189
Reposted by Jaan AruJakob Hohwy @hohwy.bsky.social · 07/02/2026"The Self-Evidencing Agent" - my new book - is out now with @mitpress.bsky.social Can be purchased, or just download the whole thing for free, via the 'Open Access' option. I'm grateful to @anilseth.bsky.social and Karl Friston for the generous endorsements. mitpress.mit.edu/978026255389...mitpress.mit.eduThe Self-Evidencing AgentWhat is it to be a human individual, an agent? According to Jakob Hohwy, it is to “self-evidence,” to actively seek out sensory evidence for one&... 1110842
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 22/12/2025Thank you, Hakwan! 1) Some functions (say motor control) might be achieved in multiple ways in different organisms, whereas there might be fewer "degrees of freedom" for consciousness 2) Consciousness might be fundamentally different But point well taken!🙏 also @neuromorphicboki.bsky.social 030
Reposted by Jaan AruAnil Seth @anilseth.bsky.social · 19/12/2025A third way between computational functionalism and biological naturalism? @neuromorphicboki.bsky.social & @jaanaru.bsky.social think so 👇 2122
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 18/12/2025The prospect of artificial consciousness might be both over- and underrated 🤔 2152
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 10/12/2025Under challenging conditions, human vision turns into iterative problem solving. Typical deep learning algorithms don't do this. Our paper out now in Plos Computational Biology journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol... work led by @tarunkhajuria.bsky.social #visionscience #neuroAIjournals.plos.orgComparing a computational model of visual problem solving with human vision on a difficult vision taskAuthor summary Human vision is not just about passively receiving information from the environment. Rather, it also involves actively making sense of what we see. When faced with unclear or incomplete... 0123
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 04/10/2025There is a lot of talk about LLMs revolutionizing education. But once you get into it, things are not that trivial. Here, we summarize the questions that emerge when trying to implement AI Tutors nationwide. Out now in @cp-trendscognsci.bsky.social #edusky authors.elsevier.com/a/1ltdo4sIRv... 0113
Reposted by Jaan AruAndrew (Andy) Dykstra @adykstra.bsky.social · 20/09/2025Our open-access article - Testing circuit-level theories of consciousness in humans - together with Yunkai Zhu, Carolina Fernandez Pujol, @dvwz.bsky.social, @jonescompneurolab.bsky.social, @tmarvan.bsky.social, and @danclab.bsky.social, was just published @cp-trendscognsci.bsky.social. 22510
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 22/09/2025Thank you very much for remembering and noting my work! :) 020
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/08/2025Awesome! You might also like our new paper: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...biorxiv.orgComparing a computational model of visual problem solving with human vision on a difficult vision taskHuman vision is not merely a passive process of interpreting sensory input but can also function as a problem-solving process incorporating generative mechanisms to interpret ambiguous or noisy data. ... 120
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 25/08/2025Could we understand vision as a type of problem-solving? In this new paper, we develop a computational model that iteratively refines the hypothesis about the visual input with evolutionary search. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1... work led by @tarunkhajuria.bsky.social #visionscience #neuroAI 0133
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 23/08/2025Hi Jeff, happy if you add me For example arxiv.org/abs/2404.02798 And www.cell.com/trends/neuro...arxiv.orgAI and personalized learning: bridging the gap with modern educational goalsPersonalized learning (PL) aspires to provide an alternative to the one-size-fits-all approach in education. Technology-based PL solutions have shown notable effectiveness in enhancing learning perfor... 140
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 12/07/2025Thank you! this doesn’t mean that psychedelics don’t have any effects mediated by membrane receptors in L5p neurons — they probably do, and several. But regarding the reduction of excitatory currents and the emergence of late eEPSCs the intracellular receptors might be crucial 010
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 11/07/2025It could be interesting for @alexkwan.bsky.social @existwell.bsky.social @nichols-lab.bsky.social @mayoonthebrain.bsky.social @parkersingleton.bsky.social @manojdoss.bsky.social @katenautiyal.bsky.social @robincarhartharris.bsky.social @fredbarrettphd.bsky.social 040
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 11/07/2025We systematically reviewed 23 in vitro and 26 in vivo electrophysiological studies on psychedelic compounds, with an emphasis on layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Our results challenge the simplified view that psychedelics uniformly increase cortical excitability www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1... 5407
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 01/07/2025Looks great! There was also this stupid paper but feel free to ignore it: www.cell.com/trends/neuro...cell.comThe feasibility of artificial consciousness through the lens of neuroscienceInteractions with large language models (LLMs) have led to the suggestion that these models may soon be conscious. From the perspective of neuroscience, this position is difficult to defend. For one, ... 010
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 28/06/2025Thanks! Indeed, there are many further possibilities. Let's keep on exploring them! 100
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 28/06/2025🙏 I would have stopped working on this a long time ago if there weren't people like you 010
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025I'm making some further points in the chapter but probably only three of my best friends are reading this post down here in the thread (and I might lose one of them if I continue) so I just stop here. 🙏 if you got this far. Sometimes I really hate working on consciousness 1170
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025This doesn't mean that one cannot capture consciousness computationally at all but we might be really far from understanding these specific computations. The potential space of biological computations is completely unknown to us. The stupid figure comes from www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti... 180
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025As I claim in the chapter, matter matters for the mind. I think the physical brainy stuff matters for the computations. You cannot simply abstract all these details away. The physical properties significantly constrain what types of computations can be run on them. Part of computations is physical. 280
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025Third, the most problematic assumption is that we are closing in on the computations of consciousness The Butlin paper really broke my heart because the key assumption of this paper is that our theories are close to figuring it out. I'm not so sure. We might be really far arxiv.org/abs/2308.08708arxiv.orgConsciousness in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Science of ConsciousnessWhether current or near-term AI systems could be conscious is a topic of scientific interest and increasing public concern. This report argues for, and exemplifies, a rigorous and empirically grounded... 160
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025There is an (implicit) assumption that probably consciousness corresponds to some type of pattern of spiking (the details might be different according to GNWT, RPT and other theories) But this might be just a historical artifact not a real thing. Spikes might not be the currency of consciousness. 380
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025Second, I think our "progress" with respect to understanding the neural correlates of consciousness has been relatively pathetic. Our own theory sucks but it is clearly the best recent theory coming from neurobiology. We must do better! We can do better 💪 www.cell.com/trends/cogni...cell.comCellular Mechanisms of Conscious ProcessingRecent breakthroughs in neurobiology indicate that the time is ripe to understand how cellular-level mechanisms are related to conscious experience. Here, we highlight the biophysical properties of py... 192
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025First, I acknowledge that consciousness research has made progress but to me that progress has come with constraints: successful theories constrain further progress. What if these theories are not close to figuring out consciousness? Our field was intellectually more fluid 20 years ago. #consci 280
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025If you're interested in consciousness, please check this accepted chapter where I try to confront two major assumptions 1) the NCC is probably some type of pattern of spiking 2) we're close to figuring out the computations underlying consciousness arxiv.org/abs/2506.21485 #consci #assc28 🧵👇arxiv.orgThe assumptions that restrain us from understanding consciousnessThe science of consciousness has been successful over the last decades. Yet, it seems that some of the key questions remain unanswered. Perhaps, as a science of consciousness, we cannot move forward u... 55615
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/05/2025oh no, these damn humans! 🙂In the first experiments, we explicitly mentioned not to use any external help, but in this second set, which you now played, we didn't explicitly say this, so it is indeed possible that some humans did it. From debriefing we know that many still modeled it in their mind. 020
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/05/2025Of course, OpenAI updates their models. Our o3 experiments were done in January, so that would be my first guess. We're happy to check this in a systematic fashion in 10 days. 100
Reposted by Jaan AruBenjamin Riley @benjaminjriley.bsky.social · 27/05/2025Researchers in Estonia created a logic game that requires creating a mental model of a haunted house. It's not easy! Only 31% of humans can solve it. But that's way better than generative AI models. The game is fun, try it via the link below. Whatever we mean by reasoning, this is reasoning. 22010
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/05/2025Trust me, I know. I also work on this. But what can you do when your country decides to do this? You perhaps fight it at first but at some point you have to try to make the best out of it. Not easy for me. 110
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/05/2025Hi Benjamin! The students are not given ChatGPT but a novel customized version that we are developing. Through these tools we will try to help students learn to learn even better. We will try to study this change. I'm not a tech-optimist. See arxiv.org/abs/2404.02798arxiv.orgAI and personalized learning: bridging the gap with modern educational goalsPersonalized learning (PL) aspires to provide an alternative to the one-size-fits-all approach in education. Technology-based PL solutions have shown notable effectiveness in enhancing learning perfor... 121
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 26/05/2025A great thread by Matthew Larkum on our recent paper🧵 He clarifies how we model the experiment with the Turing machine and ends his thread with the hard choice the computational functionalist must face😢 061
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 26/05/2025Thanks! Discussed this also with Albert. To see that the counterfactuals differ for nothing type one and nothing type two, you can simply test it out, i.e., in the model, make any change in the input or brain state and watch the outcome. 110
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 25/05/2025This is not foolish at all! This possibility requires attention. 020
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 25/05/2025Thanks 🙏 I must admit I don't immediately see how it affects the main point but I am happy to hear you spell it out in more detail. if it needs a longer explanation, drop me (and Albert) an email. 🍾 120
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 23/05/2025This is the sequel that some of you wanted and some of you perhaps didn't want :) @pessoabrain.bsky.social @jbarbosa.org @algarwegian.bsky.social @evanthompson.bsky.social @frosas.bsky.social @haesemeyerlab.bsky.social @networksunknown.bsky.social 3131
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 23/05/2025The belief that artificial consciousness is coming crucially depends on the assumption that consciousness is a computation. In this new paper, we'll try to convince you that consciousness cannot be a computation w Albert Gidon and M.Larkum www.frontiersin.org/journals/neu... #neuroAI #consci 78421
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 19/05/2025🙏 Thanks. But I always feel exactly like you described in your post 😊 020
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 19/05/2025Get used to this feeling. It will never go away in science :) 120
Reposted by Jaan AruAnil Seth @anilseth.bsky.social · 14/05/2025'The illusion of Conscious AI' - new short piece of @bigthink.com bigthink.com/neuropsych/t... (for the longer version, see my Behavioural and Brain Sciences target article, which is now accepting commentary proposals): www.cambridge.org/core/journal... 🧠bigthink.comThe illusion of conscious AINeuroscientist Anil Seth explains why people often overestimate how likely it is that AI will become conscious. 14013