Sign in

Jaan Aru

@jaanaru.bsky.social
3.7K followers 1.1K following 112 posts

Raising two kids, co-PI-lot of the Natural and Artificial Intelligence Lab & trying to do some funky research on the intersection of neuroscience, psychology and AI. Estonian nail.cs.ut.ee scholar.google.de/citations?user=Fv…

PostsRepliesMedia
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 04/05/2026
Thank you, Evan! 🙏
010
Reposted by Jaan Aru
Evan Thompson @evanthompson.bsky.social · 02/05/2026
Another nail in the coffin of computational functionalism. Excellent paper by @neuromorphicboki.bsky.social and @jaanaru.bsky.social www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
sciencedirect.com
On biological and artificial consciousness: A case for biological computationalism
The rapid advances in the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have galvanised public and scientific debates over whether artificial systems m…
32510
Reposted by Jaan Aru
Francesco Ellia @ellia.bsky.social · 17/04/2026
New open-access paper out in Trends in Cognitive Sciences: Explanation, scope, and perspective: sources of schismogenesis in consciousness science Francesco Ellia & Naotsugu Tsuchiya A thread 1/n🧵 www.cell.com/trends/cogni...
cell.com
Explanation, scope, and perspective: sources of schismogenesis in consciousness science
Contemporary consciousness science faces an impasse: competing theoretical frameworks—structuralist versus functionalist, universal versus local, intrinsic versus extrinsic—appear to be inducing philo...
1269
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 08/04/2026
Thank you, Michael! 🙏
010
Reposted by Jaan Aru
Michael Gaebler @michaelgaebler.com · 01/04/2026
Wholehearted recommendation to listen to @jaanaru.bsky.social on @braininspired.bsky.social ! So much in there about neurobiological theories of consciousness but also about academic freedom and diversity! 🧠🌍🌎🌏🧠
261
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 19/03/2026
Did someone want systematic reviews of the effects of psychedelics? We have two: A review of electrophysiology, out now in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral reviews www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti... And a review of cognitive effects in J of Psychopharmacology journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10....
sciencedirect.com
Electrophysiological Mechanisms of Psychedelic Drugs: A Systematic Review
Serotonergic psychedelics are known for their profound effects on consciousness and are gaining renewed interest as potential psychiatric treatments. …
0163
Reposted by Jaan Aru
The Transmitter @thetransmitter.bsky.social · 11/02/2026
In the latest @braininspired.bsky.social, @jaanaru.bsky.social argues that our brain’s computations are of a different nature than any AI; brains compute across spatial and temporal scales, and the computations are entwined with the biological materials. www.thetransmitter.org/brain-inspir...
thetransmitter.org
Modern AI is simply no match for the complexity likely required for harboring consciousness, says Jaan Aru
He argues that our brain’s computations are of a completely different nature than any artificial intelligence because they take place across many spatial and temporal scales and are inextricably…
0189
Reposted by Jaan Aru
Jakob Hohwy @hohwy.bsky.social · 07/02/2026
"The Self-Evidencing Agent" - my new book - is out now with @mitpress.bsky.social Can be purchased, or just download the whole thing for free, via the 'Open Access' option. I'm grateful to @anilseth.bsky.social and Karl Friston for the generous endorsements. mitpress.mit.edu/978026255389...
mitpress.mit.edu
The Self-Evidencing Agent
What is it to be a human individual, an agent? According to Jakob Hohwy, it is to “self-evidence,” to actively seek out sensory evidence for one&...
1110842
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 22/12/2025
Thank you, Hakwan! 1) Some functions (say motor control) might be achieved in multiple ways in different organisms, whereas there might be fewer "degrees of freedom" for consciousness 2) Consciousness might be fundamentally different But point well taken!🙏 also @neuromorphicboki.bsky.social
030
Reposted by Jaan Aru
Anil Seth @anilseth.bsky.social · 19/12/2025
A third way between computational functionalism and biological naturalism? @neuromorphicboki.bsky.social & @jaanaru.bsky.social think so 👇
2122
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 18/12/2025
The prospect of artificial consciousness might be both over- and underrated 🤔
2152
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 10/12/2025
Under challenging conditions, human vision turns into iterative problem solving. Typical deep learning algorithms don't do this. Our paper out now in Plos Computational Biology journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol... work led by @tarunkhajuria.bsky.social #visionscience #neuroAI
journals.plos.org
Comparing a computational model of visual problem solving with human vision on a difficult vision task
Author summary Human vision is not just about passively receiving information from the environment. Rather, it also involves actively making sense of what we see. When faced with unclear or incomplete...
0123
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 04/10/2025
There is a lot of talk about LLMs revolutionizing education. But once you get into it, things are not that trivial. Here, we summarize the questions that emerge when trying to implement AI Tutors nationwide. Out now in @cp-trendscognsci.bsky.social #edusky authors.elsevier.com/a/1ltdo4sIRv...
0113
Reposted by Jaan Aru
Andrew (Andy) Dykstra @adykstra.bsky.social · 20/09/2025
Our open-access article - Testing circuit-level theories of consciousness in humans - together with Yunkai Zhu, Carolina Fernandez Pujol, @dvwz.bsky.social, @jonescompneurolab.bsky.social, @tmarvan.bsky.social, and @danclab.bsky.social, was just published @cp-trendscognsci.bsky.social.
22510
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 22/09/2025
Thank you very much for remembering and noting my work! :)
020
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/08/2025
Awesome! You might also like our new paper: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
biorxiv.org
Comparing a computational model of visual problem solving with human vision on a difficult vision task
Human vision is not merely a passive process of interpreting sensory input but can also function as a problem-solving process incorporating generative mechanisms to interpret ambiguous or noisy data. ...
120
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 25/08/2025
Could we understand vision as a type of problem-solving? In this new paper, we develop a computational model that iteratively refines the hypothesis about the visual input with evolutionary search. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1... work led by @tarunkhajuria.bsky.social #visionscience #neuroAI
The difficult constellation image is solved by generating candidate solutions with a GAN and refined using a genetic search conditioned on best fitting of the solution outline to the dots on the constellation image.
0133
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 23/08/2025
Hi Jeff, happy if you add me For example arxiv.org/abs/2404.02798 And www.cell.com/trends/neuro...
arxiv.org
AI and personalized learning: bridging the gap with modern educational goals
Personalized learning (PL) aspires to provide an alternative to the one-size-fits-all approach in education. Technology-based PL solutions have shown notable effectiveness in enhancing learning perfor...
140
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 12/07/2025
Thank you! this doesn’t mean that psychedelics don’t have any effects mediated by membrane receptors in L5p neurons — they probably do, and several. But regarding the reduction of excitatory currents and the emergence of late eEPSCs the intracellular receptors might be crucial
010
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 12/07/2025
Thank you! I'm happy if our review is useful.
010
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 11/07/2025
It could be interesting for @alexkwan.bsky.social @existwell.bsky.social @nichols-lab.bsky.social @mayoonthebrain.bsky.social @parkersingleton.bsky.social @manojdoss.bsky.social @katenautiyal.bsky.social @robincarhartharris.bsky.social @fredbarrettphd.bsky.social
040
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 11/07/2025
We systematically reviewed 23 in vitro and 26 in vivo electrophysiological studies on psychedelic compounds, with an emphasis on layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Our results challenge the simplified view that psychedelics uniformly increase cortical excitability www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
5407
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 01/07/2025
Looks great! There was also this stupid paper but feel free to ignore it: www.cell.com/trends/neuro...
cell.com
The feasibility of artificial consciousness through the lens of neuroscience
Interactions with large language models (LLMs) have led to the suggestion that these models may soon be conscious. From the perspective of neuroscience, this position is difficult to defend. For one, ...
010
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 30/06/2025
🙏
000
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 28/06/2025
Thanks! Indeed, there are many further possibilities. Let's keep on exploring them!
100
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 28/06/2025
🙏
010
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 28/06/2025
🙏 I would have stopped working on this a long time ago if there weren't people like you
010
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025
I'm making some further points in the chapter but probably only three of my best friends are reading this post down here in the thread (and I might lose one of them if I continue) so I just stop here. 🙏 if you got this far. Sometimes I really hate working on consciousness
1170
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025
This doesn't mean that one cannot capture consciousness computationally at all but we might be really far from understanding these specific computations. The potential space of biological computations is completely unknown to us. The stupid figure comes from www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
180
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025
As I claim in the chapter, matter matters for the mind. I think the physical brainy stuff matters for the computations. You cannot simply abstract all these details away. The physical properties significantly constrain what types of computations can be run on them. Part of computations is physical.
280
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025
Third, the most problematic assumption is that we are closing in on the computations of consciousness The Butlin paper really broke my heart because the key assumption of this paper is that our theories are close to figuring it out. I'm not so sure. We might be really far arxiv.org/abs/2308.08708
arxiv.org
Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Science of Consciousness
Whether current or near-term AI systems could be conscious is a topic of scientific interest and increasing public concern. This report argues for, and exemplifies, a rigorous and empirically grounded...
160
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025
There is an (implicit) assumption that probably consciousness corresponds to some type of pattern of spiking (the details might be different according to GNWT, RPT and other theories) But this might be just a historical artifact not a real thing. Spikes might not be the currency of consciousness.
380
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025
Second, I think our "progress" with respect to understanding the neural correlates of consciousness has been relatively pathetic. Our own theory sucks but it is clearly the best recent theory coming from neurobiology. We must do better! We can do better 💪 www.cell.com/trends/cogni...
cell.com
Cellular Mechanisms of Conscious Processing
Recent breakthroughs in neurobiology indicate that the time is ripe to understand how cellular-level mechanisms are related to conscious experience. Here, we highlight the biophysical properties of py...
192
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025
First, I acknowledge that consciousness research has made progress but to me that progress has come with constraints: successful theories constrain further progress. What if these theories are not close to figuring out consciousness? Our field was intellectually more fluid 20 years ago. #consci
280
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/06/2025
If you're interested in consciousness, please check this accepted chapter where I try to confront two major assumptions 1) the NCC is probably some type of pattern of spiking 2) we're close to figuring out the computations underlying consciousness arxiv.org/abs/2506.21485 #consci #assc28 🧵👇
arxiv.org
The assumptions that restrain us from understanding consciousness
The science of consciousness has been successful over the last decades. Yet, it seems that some of the key questions remain unanswered. Perhaps, as a science of consciousness, we cannot move forward u...
55615
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/05/2025
oh no, these damn humans! 🙂In the first experiments, we explicitly mentioned not to use any external help, but in this second set, which you now played, we didn't explicitly say this, so it is indeed possible that some humans did it. From debriefing we know that many still modeled it in their mind.
020
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/05/2025
Of course, OpenAI updates their models. Our o3 experiments were done in January, so that would be my first guess. We're happy to check this in a systematic fashion in 10 days.
100
Reposted by Jaan Aru
Benjamin Riley @benjaminjriley.bsky.social · 27/05/2025
Researchers in Estonia created a logic game that requires creating a mental model of a haunted house. It's not easy! Only 31% of humans can solve it. But that's way better than generative AI models. The game is fun, try it via the link below. Whatever we mean by reasoning, this is reasoning.
Graph of data showing 31% humans can solve haunted house task, whereas almost all LLM models score 0%. GPT o3-mini-high scores 10%, Claude 3 Opus scores 5%
22010
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/05/2025
Trust me, I know. I also work on this. But what can you do when your country decides to do this? You perhaps fight it at first but at some point you have to try to make the best out of it. Not easy for me.
110
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 27/05/2025
Hi Benjamin! The students are not given ChatGPT but a novel customized version that we are developing. Through these tools we will try to help students learn to learn even better. We will try to study this change. I'm not a tech-optimist. See arxiv.org/abs/2404.02798
arxiv.org
AI and personalized learning: bridging the gap with modern educational goals
Personalized learning (PL) aspires to provide an alternative to the one-size-fits-all approach in education. Technology-based PL solutions have shown notable effectiveness in enhancing learning perfor...
121
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 26/05/2025
👊🥊let's take it off bsky. what's your email address?
120
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 26/05/2025
A great thread by Matthew Larkum on our recent paper🧵 He clarifies how we model the experiment with the Turing machine and ends his thread with the hard choice the computational functionalist must face😢
061
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 26/05/2025
Thanks! Discussed this also with Albert. To see that the counterfactuals differ for nothing type one and nothing type two, you can simply test it out, i.e., in the model, make any change in the input or brain state and watch the outcome.
110
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 25/05/2025
This is not foolish at all! This possibility requires attention.
020
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 25/05/2025
Thanks 🙏 I must admit I don't immediately see how it affects the main point but I am happy to hear you spell it out in more detail. if it needs a longer explanation, drop me (and Albert) an email. 🍾
120
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 23/05/2025
This is the sequel that some of you wanted and some of you perhaps didn't want :) @pessoabrain.bsky.social @jbarbosa.org @algarwegian.bsky.social @evanthompson.bsky.social @frosas.bsky.social @haesemeyerlab.bsky.social @networksunknown.bsky.social
3131
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 23/05/2025
The belief that artificial consciousness is coming crucially depends on the assumption that consciousness is a computation. In this new paper, we'll try to convince you that consciousness cannot be a computation w Albert Gidon and M.Larkum www.frontiersin.org/journals/neu... #neuroAI #consci
78421
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 19/05/2025
🙏 Thanks. But I always feel exactly like you described in your post 😊
020
Jaan Aru @jaanaru.bsky.social · 19/05/2025
Get used to this feeling. It will never go away in science :)
120
Reposted by Jaan Aru
Anil Seth @anilseth.bsky.social · 14/05/2025
'The illusion of Conscious AI' - new short piece of @bigthink.com bigthink.com/neuropsych/t... (for the longer version, see my Behavioural and Brain Sciences target article, which is now accepting commentary proposals): www.cambridge.org/core/journal... 🧠
bigthink.com
The illusion of conscious AI
Neuroscientist Anil Seth explains why people often overestimate how likely it is that AI will become conscious.
14013