TnpB is a compact RNA-guided endonuclease and evolutionary ancestor of CRISPR-Cas12 that offers a promising platform for genome engineering. However, the genome-editing activity of TnpBs remains limit...

A two-step target capture process—specific but low-affinity PAM binding followed by rapid DNA unwinding—underpins efficient CRISPR-Cas9 editing. Shi et al. show that PAM-relaxed Cas9 variants like SpR...

Microbial and viral co-evolution has created immunity mechanisms involving oligonucleotide signaling that share mechanistic features with human anti-viral systems. In these pathways, including CBASS a...