Although metagenomic sequencing has revealed a rich microbial biodiversity in the mammalian gut, methods to genetically alter specific species in the microbiome are highly limited. Here, we introduce ...

In eukaryotes, ribosome biogenesis initiates within the nucleolus, a hallmark multilayered compartment of the nucleus. Structures of pre-ribosomes have been characterized ex situ, but their assembly p...

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Recent discoveries on bacterial immunity have revealed that several protein domains involved in anti-phage defense are conserved in eukaryotes, such as SIRim, TIR, PNP and gasdermin. Bacterial immune ...

CRISPR-associated transposons mediate RNA-guided DNA integration, but the molecular basis of transposase function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors uncover the mechanism of a highly active ...

CRISPR–Cas systems in prokaryotes serve as adaptive immune systems that neutralize phage infections through RNA-guided nucleases. Immunization is achi…

Phages employ diverse counter-defense strategies to overcome bacterial immune systems. Here, the authors reveal that the phage homing nuclease SegB facilitates immune evasion by promoting the segmenta...

Bacterial reverse transcriptases defend against viruses, yet how their DNA products stop infection remains unknown. Bacteriophage inhibition of a host recombination enzyme activates the DRT3 defense s...

The cryo‑EM structure of the Oryza sativa photosystem II–light harvesting complex II supercomplex in its native membrane reveals the intact plant photosystem architecture, retaining physiologically re...

Cryogenic electron microscopy captures nucleotide excision repair complexes assembling on damaged DNA templates.

Retrons are a diverse family of bacterial defence systems that couple reverse transcriptase (RT) activity to antiphage immunity by producing multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA). Yet, the molecular m...

Bacterial defense systems provide a rich reservoir for biotechnological innovation. Retrons are tripartite abortive infection systems that detect phage invasion using reverse-transcribed DNA (msDNA), ...