Upper premolar enamel thickness in Paranthropus robustus increased significantly over time, especially in the occlusal region.

The new shrimpgoby, Tomiyamichthys oriens sp. nov., is described based on two specimens collected off Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. The new species is most similar to the recently described Japane...

Vaughn et al. show that hurricanes drive parallel genomic selection signatures in island anoles. One candidate locus (hs6st1) is associated with rear toe length. CRISPR disruption reduces hindfoot ele...

A large team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in the U.K. has found evidence that red squirrels fed by humans in a town on England's west coast lost muscle mass and experienced changes to the shape of their skulls.

Troyer et al. examine lower jaw evolution in Silurian-Devonian bony fishes and find substantial differences in patterns of morphological disparity, rates of shape evolution, and functional diversity b...

Synopsis. Similar wing planform shapes have independently evolved in both hummingbirds and hawkmoths, indicating convergence. Functional analysis of bird w

A well-preserved fossil snake from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil shows early ecological and brain shape disparity in the group.

Muscle architecture is a key determinant of muscle performance, informing the calculation of functional traits such as force production and excursion distance. Due to its importance in understanding ....

Cetaceans are a highly diverse and enigmatic group of animals with a well-documented evolutionary history. This Review describes the macroevolutionary and palaeobiological history of Cetacea, from the...

Abstract. Pinnipeds (true seals, eared seals and walruses) are the only mammals that can hear effectively in both air and water. How and when they achieved

Abstract. The early Palaeocene Conflicto antarcticus reveals a mosaic pattern of brain and skull evolution relative to other Anseriformes. Despite its hype

Rediscovery of the associated gigantic vertebrae of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon, from the Upper Miocene Gram Formation in Denmark, and comments on its paleobiological significance an...

The evaluation of the endocranial anatomy of 43 crocodylian species reveals several differences, including variation in the curvature of the encephalic endocast, the size of the endosseous labyrinth ...

Scientific Reports - Exceptionally preserved embryos reveal maternal care in freshwater bivalves since the Cretaceous