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Dr James Rule

@palaeo-jrule.bsky.social
1.6K followers 532 following 99 posts

Evolutionary Biologist/Palaeontologist. Prev. NHM London. Researcher at Monash University. Reseaching auditory evolution in seals! 🦭 (he/him)

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Reposted by Dr James Rule
Skype a Scientist @skypeascientist.bsky.social · 03/10/2026
We at Skype a Scientist are deeply troubled by the closure of the Academy of Natural Sciences. We urge you to contact Drexel University Leadership and Academy interim leader Trish Wellenbach to urge them to reopen the museum. President Merlo president@Drexel.edu Trish Wellenbach tw958@drexel.edu
a block of text with a statement that reads We at Skype a Scientist are deeply alarmed by the decision of Drexel University leadership and the Academy of Natural Sciences Board to close the Academy’s public museum.

Skype a Scientist is based in Philadelphia with deep roots in our city. Making science accessible, in particular for Philly’s children, is a top priority for our organization. We operate in community centers, at street festivals, and at the intersection of science and art. For the last 10 years, we have worked to engage a broader coalition of Philly residents to care for our local biodiversity. 

Our program does not exist in a vacuum. The work that we do, alongside environmental education centers, our museums, classroom teachers, and more, create an ecosystem of connections with science. The loss of any part of this fragile ecosystem is detrimental. The Academy of Natural Sciences grounds biodiversity education in Philadelphia. With grand fossil halls, historical connections, and engaging exhibits, it is a place where many Philadelphians develop a love of science. Loss of access to this space cannot be tolerated.

We are living through an erosion of public education, particularly in the life sciences. Philadelphia cannot afford to lose our flagship biodiversity museum.

We call on the leaders of Drexel University and the Academy board to reverse their decision to close the Academy’s public museum. The children of Philadelphia and future generations of Philly-made scientists are counting on you.
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Ainsley S @americanbeetles.bsky.social · 23/09/2026
pls note the bats have been carefully depicted HANGING FROM THEIR LITTLE BRANCHES on this radial phylogeny (bats drawn by Fiona Reid, whose portfolio is here --> fionareid.ca)
section of the central bat phylogeny figure from this new bat phylogeny paper; the representative bat from each family is hanging from the taxon label by its little toesies
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Alessandro Chiarenza @macroecoevoale.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
How do you take the temperature of a T. rex 66 million years too late? Time machine? Impossible. Billionaire’s dinosaur island? Risky. Geochemistry? Much safer 🦖🌡️ Our new Science Advances paper adds evidence for an endothermic, “warm-blooded” T. rex, link to the paper 🔗 doi.org/10.1126/scia...
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Andy Farke @andyfarke.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
A must-read article! (and I truly appreciate that the authors emphasize the importance of the primary data in museum collections, as well as the key roles of both molecular *and* morphological data)
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Journal of Systematic Palaeontology @journalsystpal.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
Transforming turtle systematics: challenges, opportunities and the path ahead by Evers and Joyce 🔗 buff.ly/9dnDRTc #PaleoSky #turtles #systematics #phylogeny #morphology View the full series here: Perspectives on the Systematics of Fossil Organisms: Challenges and Opportunities: buff.ly/qiJ0XUO
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Professor Euan Ritchie FAMS @euanritchie.bsky.social · 13/09/2026
The news none of us wanted www.abc.net.au/news/2026-09...
abc.net.au
Breaking: SA records first bird flu case in sea lion
The sea lion was found at Seal Bay on Kangaroo Island.
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Eric Scott @captainfossil.bsky.social · 11/09/2026
For #FossilFriday: holotype of the extinct Pleistocene bison species Bison antiquus, one of millions of specimens housed in the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University - the oldest natural history museum in the US, now slated for permanent closure on 30 September. 🧪
Bison antiquus holotype (ANSP 12990) braincase with left horn core, shown in posterior view (top) and dorsal view (bottom). From McDonald & Scott (2023), The Pleistocene Fauna of Big Bone Lick, Boone County, Kentucky: A Rich History and Unanswered Questions
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Dr James Rule @palaeo-jrule.bsky.social · 10/09/2026
New paper lead by Siobhan Pearson, exploring morphological differences between fur seal and sea lion crania 🦭 We found that allometry explains most differences between the two groups. This project originated as Siobhan's Masters project at @nhm-london.bsky.social doi.org/10.1111/mms....
doi.org
Quantifying the Morphological Differences Between Fur Seals and Sea Lions
The eared seals (family Otariidae) are divided into fur seals and sea lions, despite a lack of cladistic support for these groups. The division is primarily based on hair morphology, and it is unknow...
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Gemma Benevento @gemmabenevento.bsky.social · 10/09/2026
Delighted to finally share our paper examining Paleogene mammal faunas and global and regional environmental change in Central Asia.... www.nature.com/articles/s41... @nielsmeijer.bsky.social @sgn.one @idiv-research.bsky.social
An infographic showing the fossil localities map in Central Asia, and a graph showing the timing of mammal faunal changes alongside geological proxies for global and regional environmental change.
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Paul Z. Barrett PhD @nimravenous.bsky.social · 09/09/2026
Happy to announce the publication of our article in Nature Ecology & Evolution on adaptive zone evolution in terrestrial mammal carnivores. Over the next few days, I’ll share the major results—and by extension, take you on a tour of carnivore evolution. (rdcu.be/6okG1hVhvtHa) 1/n
rdcu.be
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Tom Near @tjnear.bsky.social · 29/08/2026
1/11 🐟 2nd new preprint today from @chasedbrownstein.bsky.social We investigated how losing the swim bladder, the organ that most fishes use to control their buoyancy, has shaped the diversity of ray-finned fishes over 90 million years of Earth history. The results surprised us. 🧵
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John P. Friel, Ph.D. @friel.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
Banse, M., M. Van Steenberge, G. Sonet, et al. 2026. Echoes of Evolution in Holocentridae: Harmony Between Phylogeny, Morphology and Acoustics. Ecology and Evolution 16, no. 8: e74152. 🐟🧪 doi.org/10.1002/ece3....
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Echoes of Evolution in Holocentridae: Harmony Between Phylogeny, Morphology and Acoustics
Using phylogenetic, morphological, and acoustic data from 53 species, we reconstructed the evolution of acoustic communication in nocturnal reef fishes of the family Holocentridae. Our results reveal...
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Robert Boessenecker, Dr. of Whaleontology ™️ @coastalpaleo.bsky.social · 18/08/2026
#toothtuesday A large lower premolar of the extinct "killer" walrus Pelagiarctos thomasi from the Sharktooth Hill Bonebed near Bakersfield, California, ~15.5 myo, middle Miocene. Specimen in @ucmpberkeley collections, published in Barnes, 1988. 🦖🐬
An image with a black background, a 10 mm scale bar, and a large, triangular and cuspate carnivore tooth with two massive long roots; the enamel is a chocolate brown color and the roots are a pale tan.
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evolsara.bsky.social @evolsara.bsky.social · 05/08/2026
🦤 What do we really know about the Dodo? The dodo was likely nocturnal and, less surprisingly, its telencephalon was perfectly normal for a pigeon of its size. This paints a very different picture of one of history's most misunderstood birds. @evoneuro.bsky.social Paper: doi.org/10.1093/zool...
youtu.be
New Brain Scans Suggest the Dodo Was Active at Night
YouTube video by People Are Fish
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Z. Jack Tseng @tsengzj.bsky.social · 30/07/2026
Exhilarated to share a 2nd @science.org cover article this month from our lab @ucberkeleyofficial.bsky.social! A collaboration with US & Mexico colleagues on the role of a Mexican biogeographic holding pen in shaping the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI)(1/11) www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Cover of Science magazine for July 30, 2026. Caption from Science reads: A three-dimensional rendering shows the land bridge connection between North and South America. Research on the fossil record of mammals in Mexico suggests that the geographic region acted as a biodiversity “holding pen” for 10 million years, buffering the pace of both northward and southward movements of mammal species leading up to the Great American Biotic Interchange.
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Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. @arctomet.bsky.social · 29/07/2026
Highly aquatic marine stem archosaur with soft tissue preservation | Science Advances www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
science.org
Highly aquatic marine stem archosaur with soft tissue preservation
A 240-million-year-old reptile exhibits elongate forelimbs, a morphology consistent with adaptations to an aquatic lifestyle.
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Royal Society Publishing @royalsocietypublishing.org · 17/07/2026
How did seals evolve to hear on land and underwater? This #ProcB study found a specialised ear tissue enables amphibious hearing in pinnipeds, revealing this unique adaptation evolved more than 26 million years ago. doi.org/10.1098/rspb... | #Evolution #Palaeontology
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Brandon Moore, PhD @rando.insalubrio.us · 17/07/2026
Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) are the only mammals that hear well in both air and water. This study suggests that cavernous, blood-filled ear tissue helps make this amphibious sensation possible! 🧪 royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article...
Adaptations of pinniped ears for diving and hearing. The cavernous tissue inflates as pinnipeds dive, equalizing air pressure in the ear canal and middle ear cavity. This blood-filled tissue has a similar auditory impedance to water, facilitating sound transmission via the middle ear.

Comparisons include idealized lateral sections through the ear (right) and, where present, the cavernous tissue segmented out from computed tomography scans (left) for a canid, an Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus), a leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) and a southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina). Scale bars 10 mm. Colors represent auditory anatomy.
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Journal of Systematic Palaeontology @journalsystpal.bsky.social · 17/07/2026
Nelson 𝘦𝘵 𝘢𝘭. (2025) show the cranium, atlas and axis of 𝙀𝙤𝙨𝙦𝙪𝙖𝙡𝙤𝙙𝙤𝙣 𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙬𝙞𝙚𝙨𝙘𝙝𝙚𝙞, revealing features linked to feeding behaviour: an enlarged temporal fossa, a dorsoventrally tall coronoid process, and a pronounced fossa for jaw‑adductor musculature: buff.ly/43FWxpK #FossilFriday #PaleoSky
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Dr James Rule @palaeo-jrule.bsky.social · 17/07/2026
Great new paper in Science from @narimanechatar.bsky.social and colleagues on morpho-functional divergences in the carnassial teeth of carnivores! 🦁 🐯 🐺 🦊 🦝 🧪 Check out the thread below!
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Eric Ekdale @eekdale.bsky.social · 17/07/2026
The seminar below is about ears, which makes it inherently interesting. But a seminar about the ears of marine mammals? Bliss!
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Dr James Rule @palaeo-jrule.bsky.social · 17/07/2026
I recorded a seminar for the Royal Society on our study on the Evolution of amphbious hearing in seals 🦭🔊🧪 cassyni.com/events/7cKKw...
cassyni.com
The origin and evolution of amphibious hearing in pinnipeds
This seminar outlines our paper published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Pinnipeds (true seals, eared seals and walruses) are the only mammals that can hear effectively in...
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Narimane Chatar @narimanechatar.bsky.social · 16/07/2026
Excited to share our latest study highlighted on the cover of @science.org 🥳Combining a 3D dataset representing 250 taxa spanning the whole Cenozoic, 3D modelling & printing and material testing; we deciphered the form-function relationship in the lower 🦷 of mammals www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
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Dr James Rule @palaeo-jrule.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
Want to know more about the evolution of amphibious hearing in seals? Check out our article in The Conversation! 🦭 🔊 🧪 doi.org/10.64628/AA....
doi.org
Seals have a unique superpower in their ears, and we finally know how it evolved
Unlike all other mammals, seals can hear both in the air and underwater. How do they do this?
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Lisa Whitenack, PhD @whitenacklab.bsky.social · 16/07/2026
Excellent thread summing up this neat paper
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Z. Jack Tseng @tsengzj.bsky.social · 16/07/2026
Our newest paper on mammalian dental evolution, out today as the cover article in @science.org, lead by @narimanechatar.bsky.social with a team of fantastic early career scientists!!! 🎉🥳 “Performance trade-offs define a fundamental dental dichotomy in mammals” www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...
Cover image of Science Magazine, with images of carnivore jaws and teeth on black background.
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Christopher Zobek @czobek.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
I’m happy to say the first chapter of my dissertation has just gotten published! Here, we compared the results of two prominent tools for measuring muscle architecture from contrast data, Xfiber and Goodfibes, with some recommendations for each. anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/...
anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Relative performance of automated fiber‐tracking approaches to <fc>3D</fc> muscle architecture and their utility for comparative biomechanics
Muscle architecture is a key determinant of muscle performance, informing the calculation of functional traits such as force production and excursion distance. Due to its importance in understanding ....
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Florian Ritter @florianritter.bsky.social · 16/07/2026
This is such a cool study! Sometimes I feel seals kind of get overlooked next to whales, but they have such unique adaptions to aquatic living 😱🥰
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travis-park.bsky.social @travis-park.bsky.social · 16/07/2026
If you want an up-to-date summary of whale and dolphin evolution, have a read of my new review paper in @natrevbiodiv.nature.com! I’ve tried to cover as much research as possible in this, so apologies if I’ve missed you! doi.org/10.1038/s443...
doi.org
The evolution and diversification of Cetacea - Nature Reviews Biodiversity
Cetaceans are a highly diverse and enigmatic group of animals with a well-documented evolutionary history. This Review describes the macroevolutionary and palaeobiological history of Cetacea, from the...
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Dr. Davey F. Wright ⛏️🦕🧬 @daveyfwright.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
This paper is so freakin' cool. The authors use a combination of comparative anatomy, the fossil record, phylogenetic methods, and morphometric analysis to figure out how (and when) seals evolved "amphibious hearing" that uniquely enable them to effectively hear in both air & underwater
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Natalie Cooper @nhcooper123.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
Really great to see the work @palaeo-jrule.bsky.social did while he was here at @NHM London out. Super cool stuff.
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Fiorella @fiorella.bsky.social · 16/07/2026
What an incredible piece of work!!! Sensory ecology and evolution, microCT AND fossils! What more could a girl ask for!! 🤩🤩🤩 Day made!
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The Night Sky @star86above.bsky.social · 16/07/2026
🌊This is an outstanding thread to read about evolution of underwater hearing in seals!
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Dr James Rule @palaeo-jrule.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
Seals have a superpower: they are the only mammals with amphibious hearing! They hear well both in-air and underwater. My collagues and I have a new study in Proceedings B on the origins and evolution of amphibious hearing in pinnipeds 🦭🔊🧪 doi.org/10.1098/rspb...
doi.org
The origin and evolution of amphibious hearing in pinnipeds
Abstract. Pinnipeds (true seals, eared seals and walruses) are the only mammals that can hear effectively in both air and water. How and when they achieved
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Ryan Bebej @ryanbebej.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
A new article I recently wrote for BioLogos was published last night. Its about vestigial structures & why they are compelling evidence for evolution. I include brief discussions of various examples, including the vestigial external acoustic meatus & eardrum of whales. biologos.org/articles/wha...
biologos.org
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Dr James Rule @palaeo-jrule.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
Read @travis-park.bsky.social new review paper on Cetacean evolution!
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Dr James Rule @palaeo-jrule.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
Check out the 3D models from our paper (doi.org/10.1098/rspb...). Australian fur seal skfb.ly/pLQpC
skfb.ly
Australian fur seal ears - 3D model by Evans EvoMorph Lab (@arevans)
Arctocephalus pusillus TMAG A11092 from the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery collections. Cavernous tissue of the ear segmented out. Museum Collection: Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Registration number: TMAG A11092 Read more in the paper: Rule JP et al. 2026 The origin and evolution of amphibious hearing in pinnipeds. Proc. R. Soc. B 293: 20260178. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2026.0178 Read the Conversation article here - Australian fur seal ears - 3D model by Evans EvoMorph Lab (@arevans)
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Dr James Rule @palaeo-jrule.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
Check out the 3D models from our paper (doi.org/10.1098/rspb...). Leopard seal 🦭 skfb.ly/pLQr9
skfb.ly
Leopard seal ears - 3D model by Evans EvoMorph Lab (@arevans)
Hydrurga leptonyx TMAG A11091 from the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery collections. Cavernous tissue of the ear segmented out. Museum Collection: Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Registration numbe...
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Dr James Rule @palaeo-jrule.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
Check out the 3D models from our paper (doi.org/10.1098/rspb...). Southern Elephant seal 🦭 skfb.ly/pLQrX
skfb.ly
Southern elephant seal ears - 3D model by Evans EvoMorph Lab (@arevans)
Mirounga leonina TMAG A11090 from the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery collections. Cavernous tissue of the ear segmented out. Museum Collection: Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Registration number: TMAG A11090 Read more in the paper: Rule JP et al. 2026 The origin and evolution of amphibious hearing in pinnipeds. Proc. R. Soc. B 293: 20260178. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2026.0178 Read the Conversation article here - Southern elephant seal ears - 3D model by Evans EvoMorph Lab (@arevans)
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Dr James Rule @palaeo-jrule.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
Seals have a superpower: they are the only mammals with amphibious hearing! They hear well both in-air and underwater. My collagues and I have a new study in Proceedings B on the origins and evolution of amphibious hearing in pinnipeds 🦭🔊🧪 doi.org/10.1098/rspb...
doi.org
The origin and evolution of amphibious hearing in pinnipeds
Abstract. Pinnipeds (true seals, eared seals and walruses) are the only mammals that can hear effectively in both air and water. How and when they achieved
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the beggars out of here getter @milesklee.bsky.social · 13/07/2026
My privilege to share some lovely stories from the science community about what Sam Neill's timeless performance as Dr. Alan Grant in Jurassic Park meant to them—and why it will continue to inspire kids to chase their own discoveries for years to come.
wired.com
Sam Neill Inspired a Generation of Scientists
The actor, who died at age 78 on Monday, embodied a passionate approach to research and positive masculinity in his role as paleontologist Alan Grant in the 1993 blockbuster Jurassic Park.
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Chase Brownstein @chasedbrownstein.bsky.social · 29/06/2026
1/12 🚨🚨 I am so excited to share chapter 1 of my dissertation, now preprinted here: biorxiv.org/content/10.6... We ask if are their fundamental, shared mechanisms that stop us from inferring the relationship of species and their timescale of divergence #biology #science
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Emily Thomas 🦤🏳️‍🌈 @zhejiang0pterus.bsky.social · 15/06/2026
Alpha male 👎 Beachmaster 👍
Photo of a very chunky male elephant seal in the middle of a colony
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Jason GRIZZLED Bittel @bittelmethis.bsky.social · 10/06/2026
🚨ANCIENT WHALE GRAVEYARD🚨 There's a 750-mile stretch of the Indian Ocean that has been home to more than 450 whale skeletons, some of which are recent, and some of which are fossils going back 5 million years! Story by Meghan Bartels @sciam.bsky.social 🧪 www.scientificamerican.com/article/larg...
scientificamerican.com
Largest whale ‘graveyard’ discovered, with skeletons spanning 5 million years
The fossilized remains of more than 450 whales have amassed along a 750-mile-long stretch of the Indian Ocean floor
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Jo Wolfe, PhD @jopabinia.bsky.social · 10/06/2026
Genuine rewrite the textbooks discovery! 🧪🦑 The same team led last year's discovery of even deeper chemosynthetic animal communities. And they are in a crewed submersible, so they actually SAW THE WHALE GRAVEYARD!!! Can't wait for them to keep exploring!
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Robert Boessenecker, Dr. of Whaleontology ™️ @coastalpaleo.bsky.social · 09/06/2026
I'M BATMAN! This ridiculous looking harbor seal isn't fighting crime, just fighting dry eyes. Pinnipeds still produce tears, but no longer have a tear duct to drain tear fluid into the nasal passage, so it just kind of leaks out everywhere. Not sure how it made this pattern though 🐬
A harbor seal with comically shaped patches of wet hair around each eye making it look like it's wearing a kato maskA harbor seal with comically shaped patches of wet hair around each eye making it look like it's wearing a kato mask
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Robert Boessenecker, Dr. of Whaleontology ™️ @coastalpaleo.bsky.social · 07/06/2026
On Friday I took my *luckiest* and *most disgusting* wildlife shot so far: a California sea lion (Z. californianus) puking up a bunch of rocks! 🤮🪨 That's right - many pinnipeds use gastroliths. The gastroliths are in mid-air! 🦖🐬🦑 #nature #photography #sealion
A photo of a young light brown California sea lion puking up some rocks. Two large rocks are in mid-air along with brownish fluid, and about a half dozen rocks are already on the ground from a minute prior.
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Serjoscha Evers @sirjoscha.bsky.social · 28/05/2026
The coolest paper I’ve been involved with in a while just dropped! 1. we have (plenty) morphological support for turtles+archosaurs. 2. Eunotosaurus is a millerettid stem reptile, no stem turtle. 3. Without clear fossorial precursors, the ecology of shell evolution needs to be revisited (aquatic!?)
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 28/05/2026
Our paper on turtle origins is finally out in Current Biology, with two major implications for our understanding of reptile evolution 🐢 #Paleontology #Turtles #Evolution www.cell.com/current-biol...
A pair of Eunotosaurus by Gabriel Ugueto: a sense of scale is provided by Glossopterus leaves in the fore-and-background and by a prosbolid hemipteran insect Phylogeny of major reptile groups, showing turtles (Pantestudines) as early archosauromorphs and the putative stem-turtle Eunotosaurus as a millerettid stem reptile
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