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Xavier A. Jenkins

@semifossorial.bsky.social
770 followers 299 following 193 posts

Paleontologist and postdoc at the American Museum of Natural History. I study tetrapod origins, sensory evolution, and all things Permo-Carboniferous🦎🐢

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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 4h
www.amnh.org/about/press-...
amnh.org
Fossil Long Known as World’s Oldest Reptile Dethroned: Press Release | AMNH
Study uncovers hidden gills and fish-like teeth in 345-million-year-old fossil, challenging ideas about the origins of reptiles.
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 4h
View-only link for those who don’t have access to Nature: rdcu.be/xRNEAAmp9zha
rdcu.be
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Jacob Schick (commissions open) @seismic-shrimp.bsky.social · 5h
I did the art for this!!! It’s nice to finally be able to talk about this
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 5h
Out today: We show that Westlothiana lizziae or "Lizzie," described 35 years ago as the world's oldest reptile - is not a stem amniote at all, but a stem tetrapod. www.nature.com/articles/s41...
The part and counterpart of the holotype specimen of Westlothiana. Paleoartistic reconstruct of Westlothiana by Jacob Schick based on our new data
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Davide Foffa @davfoff.bsky.social · 09/09/2026
Important reading: www.nature.com/articles/s41...
nature.com
How contemporary academic structures constrain scientific creativity and hold back early-career researchers - Nature Human Behaviour
In this Perspective, Haubrock et al. argue that today’s scientific structures constrain creativity and that strategic conformity is a rational response. They discuss how this holds back early-career r...
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J Pardo @jdpardo.bsky.social · 26/08/2026
New paper with @cisneros.bsky.social and colleagues. We report here a new deep-bodied ray-finned fish from the early Permian of northeast Brazil. Meet Nazaria limnica. www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....
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Asher Elbein @asherelbein.bsky.social · 14/08/2026
"Where do turtles belong on the reptile family tree?" is one of those questions that seems like a no-brainer. In actual fact, when you take a step back, turtles are *extremely* weird! I wrote about it for National Geographic
nationalgeographic.com
What, Exactly, Is a Turtle?
Paleontologists have resolved a decades-old debate over turtle evolution in a new study of 210-million-year-old skull fossils.
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Tiago Simões @trsimoes.bsky.social · 22/07/2026
Proud to share our latest paper in out in Nature today on the origin of #snakes. We present Tametara mirim, an articulated 3D preserved stem snake from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Tametara helped us re-tell the story of snake origins in a novel way... www.nature.com/articles/s41...
nature.com
Exceptional brain and ecological diversity in the earliest snakes - Nature
A well-preserved fossil snake from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil shows early ecological and brain shape disparity in the group.
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Stephan Spiekman @stephanspiekman.bsky.social · 25/06/2026
New review paper with Martín Ezcurra just published in @journalsystpal.bsky.social as part of a special issue! Modern reptiles comprise archosaurs 🐊🦉, lepidosaurs🦎🐍, and turtles🐢, but their origins is murky. Where do turtles fit in, really? And most marine reptiles? Choristoderes? Drepanosaurs? ->
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Cy Marchant @slvrhwk.bsky.social · 20/06/2026
Reconstructed skull of Eunotosaurus africanus, an early reptile from the Permian of southern Africa. 🐢 Long hypothesized to be an ancient ancestor of turtles, recent work led by @semifossorial.bsky.social shows this curious creature is instead a 'turtleized' millerettid. (1/🧵) #FossilFriday
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 18/06/2026
I feel like this is going to be a constant narrative for a while now
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Berensreverie @berensreverie.bsky.social · 12/06/2026
Dimetrodon's Daydream #berensart2026 #paleoart
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American Museum of Natural History @amnh.org · 10/06/2026
🔵🟠KNICKS IN 5!*🟠🔵
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Riley Black 🏳️‍⚧️ 🦕 @restingdinoface.bsky.social · 29/05/2026
A fossil thought to be key to turtle evolution turns out to be something else - which clarifies where our shelly friends came from. Today’s free newsletter is out (short article + my latest writing + upcoming events + ear perks from the week).
buttondown.com
Friday Fragments #15
Turns out a proposed turtle ancestor isn't, but that makes the origins of our shelly friends clearer.
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Matt Friedman @friedmanlab.bsky.social · 04/06/2026
Led by the incomparable Sanaa El-Sayed, a study out today in Science Advances throws open an important new window on marine fish diversity during the critical few million years following the K-Pg mass extinction. Below: artistic vision of the new fauna by Ian Baylatry.
Illustration of many fishes swimming in sunlit blue water.
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J Pardo @jdpardo.bsky.social · 28/05/2026
New paper. Modern hagfishes (Myxiniformes) have radically reduced eyes. When did these reductions happen, and how? Leveraging the diverse hagfish fauna from Mazon Creek, we show this happened gradually in animals occupying shallow marine environments royalsocietypublishing.org/rsbl/article...
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 28/05/2026
Our paper on turtle origins is finally out in Current Biology, with two major implications for our understanding of reptile evolution 🐢 #Paleontology #Turtles #Evolution www.cell.com/current-biol...
A pair of Eunotosaurus by Gabriel Ugueto: a sense of scale is provided by Glossopterus leaves in the fore-and-background and by a prosbolid hemipteran insect Phylogeny of major reptile groups, showing turtles (Pantestudines) as early archosauromorphs and the putative stem-turtle Eunotosaurus as a millerettid stem reptile
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Dr. Jaimi Gray @jaimiagray.bsky.social · 18/05/2026
The Pacific spiny lumpsucker, an inefficient swimmer but a highly efficient suction cup. The pelvic fins have evolved into a strong suction disk on the belly, giving it the ability to anchor itself to substrates. Plate-like structures called "tubercles" provide defense against predators.
A 3D model made from a micro-CT scan of a Pacific spiny lumpsucker, with the skeleton rendered in light brown/beige and the tubercles rendered in a gradient of colors, beginning with pink at the head, and changing from purple, to blue, to teal as you move towards the tail. Outline of the body is rendered in white and transparent. Shown in antero-lateral view (top), anterior view (bottom left), and left lateral view of the head (bottom right). Scale bar at the bottom right is 5 mm.A 3D model made from a micro-CT scan of a Pacific spiny lumpsucker, with the skeleton rendered in light brown/beige and the tubercles rendered in a gradient of colors, beginning with pink at the head, and changing from purple, to blue, to teal as you move towards the tail. Outline of the body is rendered in white and transparent. Shown in dorsal view (top), right lateral view (middle), and ventral view (bottom). Scale bar at the bottom left is 10 mm.
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Serjoscha Evers @sirjoscha.bsky.social · 25/03/2026
New paper: royalsocietypublishing.org/rsbl/article... Guilherme & I investigate dietary selectivity on turtle K/Pg extinction - durophagous turtles have higher survivorship probability. Beautiful art by @joschuaknuppe.bsky.social
Durophagous Palatobaena, found to both sides of the extinction horizon, sitting on an extinct Basilemys with the mandatory T. rex skull in the background. Art by Joschua Knüppe
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J Pardo @jdpardo.bsky.social · 04/03/2026
A couple years ago, we reported one from even further south, in Namibia. A giant early tetrapod with affinities to species of tetrapod from the earliest Carboniferous, which we named Gaiasia. But is Gaiasia unique only to the far south, or was it part of a Gondwana-wide fauna?
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J Pardo @jdpardo.bsky.social · 04/03/2026
New paper! How weird could Permian animals get? Turns out, pretty weird. Meet the stem tetrapod Tanyka amnicola from the Pedra de Fogo Formation of northeast Brazil royalsocietypublishing.org/rspb/article...
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 10/02/2026
New pantylid just dropped 👀 www.nature.com/articles/s41...
nature.com
Carboniferous recumbirostran elucidates the origins of terrestrial herbivory - Nature Ecology & Evolution
A new species of pantylid microsaur from the Late Carboniferous of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, has teeth with dental occlusion consistent with herbivory, indicating an early transition to this co...
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Literally Miguel 🇻🇪 @literallymiguel.bsky.social · 30/01/2026
Rauisuchus, the one who started it all, a friend-sized fella (do not trust any other repurposed past skeletal reconstruction of this animal)
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 23/01/2026
Introducing a new Permian reptile: Scyllacerta creanae With a tympanic fossa on the quadrate and no lower temporal bar, Scyllacerta challenges long-standing ideas about when-and-how hearing evolved in reptiles 🦎👂 🔗 doi.org/10.1111/pala...
Skull of Scyllacerta, reconstructed based on scans of four nearly complete skulls.
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Cy Marchant @slvrhwk.bsky.social · 23/01/2026
Very excited to share Scyllacerta creanae, a new Permian stem-reptile from South Africa known from an aggregation of several individuals. This specimen provides unprecedented detail regarding the anatomy of the early reptile skull. 🦎 (1/🧵)
Graphic illustrating the reconstruction process for Scyllacerta creanae (SAM-PK-K7710). The holotype aggregation specimen (left) comprises four skulls and at least six nearly complete skeletons preserved in lifelike positions. Using synchrotron micro-CT scans of the skulls, the bones could be segmented, digitally isolating them from the matrix and allowing their full morphology to be studied in detail (top center). Combining information from all four skulls, a reconstructed version could be assembled, depicting the likely life appearance (center, with each bone in a distinct color). This reconstruction can be used to make line drawings for science communication and skeletal reconstructions (bottom center). These reconstructions were the basis for a detailed life restoration of the head of Scyllacerta (bottom right, by @LiterallyMiguel). Despite its incredibly small size (top right, compared to a human hand), the known individuals were likely nearing full maturity.
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Robert Gay @paleorob.bsky.social · 23/01/2026
First paper of 2026 is out for #FossilFriday, and the first of probably several ornithischian papers over the next interval. Here my coauthors and I describe some tantalizing bits that suggest that ornithischian diversity in the Morrison Formation is higher than previously recognized.
The first page of the paper described in the post.
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Brandon Peecook @gondwannabe.bsky.social · 23/01/2026
This #FossilFriday we are pleased to have published the new younginid taxon Scyllacerta from the late Permian of South Africa 🇿🇦 This beautiful aggregation has the holotype and has been in the literature for 30 years as “juvenile Youngina”. Photo taken before scanning at the @esrf.fr
A small bit of grey rock containing the entwined and overlapping skeletons of several small lizard-like reptiles. On white foam with a scale bar.
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 23/01/2026
Introducing a new Permian reptile: Scyllacerta creanae With a tympanic fossa on the quadrate and no lower temporal bar, Scyllacerta challenges long-standing ideas about when-and-how hearing evolved in reptiles 🦎👂 🔗 doi.org/10.1111/pala...
Skull of Scyllacerta, reconstructed based on scans of four nearly complete skulls.
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The Palaeontological Association @thepalass.bsky.social · 23/01/2026
The origin of the tympanic fossa in reptiles revealed by a late Permian neodiapsid: new species Scyllacerta creanae onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/... #FossilFriday @semifossorial.bsky.social @morphobank.bsky.social
Top left: photograph of a grey slab containing multiple fossils, with vertebral columns clearly running vertically (SAM-Pk-K7710). This is a group of six Scyllacerta creanae individuals, including the holotype, a late Permian neodiapsid reptile from South Africa (scale bar at top right is 2 cm). Bottom right: a computer reconstruction of the skull based on three of the individuals in the fossil block. Scale bar at top right is 5 mm.
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 06/01/2026
Come work with the vertebrate paleontology team at the American Museum of Natural History in NYC this summer! REU Students will have the opportunity to study and reconstruct the skulls of Permian and Triassic reptiles 😃 Reach out to me if you have any questions (: Apply by the 31st!!
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Owen Goodchild @paleowen.bsky.social · 05/01/2026
peerj.com/articles/204... My first mammal project, which I started as an REU intern at the AMNH is finally published! Huge thanks to my mentors and coauthors on this project for all their help, and to the reviewers for their comments and suggestions!
peerj.com
The petrosal and bony labyrinth of extinct horses (Perissodactyla, Equidae) and their implications for perissodactyl evolution
Perissodactyla, or odd-toed ungulates, are represented today by 16 species of rhinoceroses, tapirs, and horses. Perissodactyls were much more diverse in the past, having a rich fossil record spanning ...
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Literally Miguel 🇻🇪 @literallymiguel.bsky.social · 13/12/2025
more wiki comms and stuff
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 18/11/2025
Buffa et al.’s paper on the enigmatic Permian reptile 🦎 Galesphyrus and the origin of Neodiapsida is out in the Journal of Systematic Palaeontology! Read the thread 👇 for some important takeaways from our study @valentinbuffa.bsky.social #Paleontology #Reptile #Permian doi.org/10.1080/1477...
The holotype of Galesphyrus, an articulated skeleton of a small stem reptile preserved as a mold. It is beautifully preserved, but decided to lose it’s skull prior to discovery A diagram showing the evolutionary relationships of early reptiles found in this study. Importantly, this study places Galesphyrus as sister to Millerettidae + Neodiapsida, reconciling postcrania and cranial data for support of Parapleurota!
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Skeleton Crew Paleo @skeletoncrewpaleo.bsky.social · 08/10/2025
DR. TSOGTBAATAR FUNDRAISER: gofund.me/c8d8d1ab7
gofund.me
Donate to Help Dr. Tsogtbaatar, Icon of Mongolian Paleontology, organized by Lindsay Zanno
Renowned Mongolian paleontologist Dr. Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar is fig… Lindsay Zanno needs your support for Help Dr. Tsogtbaatar, Icon of Mongolian Paleontology
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 28/08/2025
It’s finally out! Our work addressing the origins of reptiles is published in PCJ! peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.... We use novel info gleaned from the scan data of dozens of stem reptiles to substantially revise our understanding of early reptile evolution #paleontology #herpetology
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 22/08/2025
Huge thanks to Michel Laurin for his recommendation of my work on reptile origins in PCI Paleontology! First of many works to come (: Also thanks to Valentin Buffa, David Majanović, and others for their reviews (: paleo.peercommunityin.org/articles/rec...
Graphical abstract and simplified phylogeny of early reptile relationships showing the gradual evolution of the reptile middle ear
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Emily Thomas 🦤🏳️‍🌈 @zhejiang0pterus.bsky.social · 07/08/2025
And I named one of them!!! Meet Aulacephalodon kapoliwacela - the Iron Hog - the first and so far only geikiid known from the Luangwa Basin! I worked on this taxon for my Master's thesis, and it's been lovely
NHCC LB737, holotype of Aulacephalodon kapoliwacela, in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Scale bar 10 cmNHCC LB737, holotype of Aulacephalodon kapoliwacela, in lateral (left) and posterior (back) views. Scale bar 10 cm
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 07/08/2025
Now introducing Amenoyengi mpunduensis ('many-tooth from Mpundu'), a small moradisaurine captorhinid from the late Permian of Zambia with multiple rows of teeth! #Permian #Paleontology 😄 www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....
Photos of a skull of a captorhinid in standard anatomical views. The skull is preserved in a brownish red mudstone and is badly weathered, but the internal anatomy is well-preserved. Mandible of Amenoyengi in dorsal and lateral views showing at least three rows of preserved dentition, with other rows weathered prior to discovery
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Emily Thomas 🦤🏳️‍🌈 @zhejiang0pterus.bsky.social · 07/08/2025
Other new species from Permian Zambia described in the JVP memoir include the temnospondyl Rhineceps karibaensis, the gorgonopsid Arctops umulunshi, and the captorhinid Amenoyengi mpunduensis
Holotype of Rhineceps karibaensis in dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) views. From Steyer and Sidor 2025Holotype of Arctops umulunshi: full skull on top, close-ups of the snout below. From Mann and Sidor 2025Holotype of Amenoyengi mpunduensis in lateral (top), dorsal (middle), and ventral (bottom) views. From Jenkins et al. 2025
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Science Magazine @science.org · 25/06/2025
In what may be one of Earth’s craziest forms of mimicry, researchers in 2023 reported a species of rove beetle that grows a termite puppet on its back to fool real termites into feeding it. Learn more during #InsectWeek: scim.ag/40mj1S8
scim.ag
Beetle grows ‘termite’ on back to steal food
Puppet helps insect trick real termites into feeding it
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 09/05/2025
Happy to announce that this fall I’ll be a Kalbfleisch and Frick Postdoctoral Research fellow at the American Museum of Natural History @amnh.org I’ll work with Dr. Roger Benson on more early reptile evolution, sensory anatomy, and more. Super excited!
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 18/04/2025
Successfully passed my dissertation defense here at ISU! These past five years have been amazing. Fell in love with research, started my family with @thezoiejenkins.bsky.social , and couldn’t have asked for a better advisor in @gondwannabe.bsky.social #Dissertation #PhD
Brandon Peecook prepares to introduce Xavier as Xavier nervously drinks a coffee Xavier presents a slide thanking his kids for being adorable Xavier and Zoie smile on THE helicoprion couch Xavier and Brandon smile on that same Helicoprion couch, but this time Xavier doesn’t know what to do with his arms
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 26/03/2025
Gemini is using Pterosaur Heresies as one of it's sources now. Extremely concerning...
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 24/03/2025
Extremely detailed paper on the anatomy Thadeosaurus, with increased phylogenetic support for Tangasauridae 🦎 🌊 onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
The neodiapsid Thadeosaurus colcanapi from the upper Permian of Madagascar
The enigmatic neodiapsid Thadeosaurus colcanapi (Lower Sakamena Formation, southwestern Madagascar), sole species of the genus Thadeosaurus, is revised here. The attribution of 12 of the 21 referred ...
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Andrew Milner @andrewtracks.bsky.social · 04/02/2025
The St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site is looking for help with funding and crews to excavate an ~1/2 acre of bone beds in the Early #Jurassic (~200 million). We need big excavation equipment. Check out fossils and how you can help in the images attached.
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Richard Butler @richardjbutler.bsky.social · 06/03/2025
Postdoc on stegosaurs with Roger Benson at the AMNH careers.amnh.org/postings/4384
careers.amnh.org
Kenneth C. Griffin Postdoctoral Fellow for Paleontology
The American Museum of Natural History is one of the world’s preeminent scientific and cultural institutions, and has as its mission to discover, interpret and disseminate information about human cult...
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Gabriel Ugueto @serpenillus.bsky.social · 05/03/2025
Here is my reconstruction of Millereta rubidgei, an early #reptile from Late Permian South Africa. It has osteoderms on its head. I was commissioned to do this recon for a redescription published yesterday! Congrats to @semifossorial.bsky.social and colleagues for such a cool paper! #paleoart
Illustration of Millereta basking in top of a rock
Close up of the head and anterior body of Millereta
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Ant 🐜 𝖷𝖸 𝗁𝖾·𝗁𝗂𝗆 🖖 🇬🇧 🇳🇱 🇧🇪 🇪🇺 🚫🤖🎨 @antallan.bsky.social · 04/03/2025
Gabriel is one of the best! 📌
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Xavier A. Jenkins @semifossorial.bsky.social · 04/03/2025
And our amazing artwork of Milleretta, brought to life by @serpenillus.bsky.social 😀 #Permian #Fossil #Reptile #Paleontology
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