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Monotropism.org

@monotropism.org
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Monotropism is a theory of Autism developed by Autistic people, initially by Dinah Murray and Wenn Lawson. Read about explanations and applications of the theory, its history, and what’s happening now on our website. monotropism.org

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Autistic Realms (Helen Edgar) @autisticrealms.bsky.social · 07/09/2026
Use code RBS20 and get 20% OFF It Takes All Kinds of Minds: Fostering Neurodivergent Thriving at School Edited By Rachael Davis, @claruineill.bsky.social , @suereviews.bsky.social With a chapter about Monotropism and Flow by myself and @oolong.co.uk www.routledge.com/It-Takes-All...
Book cover for 'It Takes All Kinds of Minds: Fostering Neurodivergent Thriving at School,' edited by Rachael Davis, Claire O'Neill, and Sue Fletcher-Watson. A mustard yellow band across the centre holds the title in coral text and the editors' names in navy. Above and below, a geometric pattern of triangles, circles, and semicircles in coral, navy, mustard, olive green, sky blue, grey, and white. A small white label at the bottom reads 'A Speechmark Book,' with the Routledge logo beside it.
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Autistic Realms (Helen Edgar) @autisticrealms.bsky.social · 29/08/2026
Signposting and information about Autistic Play & Monotropism autisticrealms.com/autistic-pla...
autisticrealms.com
Autistic Play & Monotropism Resources and Signposting | Autistic Realms
A collection of neuro-affirming resources that embrace authentic Autistic ways of playing. Some of the resources and research specifically focus upon and ho ...
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Autistic Realms (Helen Edgar) @autisticrealms.bsky.social · 01/09/2026
FREE DOWNLOAD: An Introduction to the Theory of Monotropism To Support Autistic Young People, written by @autisticrealms.bsky.social and @oolong.co.uk It includes practical, low-demand strategies for home & school, plus further reading & trusted resources. autisticrealms.com/product/an-i...
Book cover for 'An Introduction to the Theory of Monotropism To Support Autistic Young People' by Fergus Murray & Helen Edgar. Dark teal text over a pale sky and ocean wave background, with the pink Autistic Realms logo (an infinity symbol and the words 'Neurodiversity Affirming') near the bottom.
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 27/08/2026
Some great accounts of people and orgs to follow here who are interested in and share thoughts about the theory of monotropism go.bsky.app/63PBN1y
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 27/08/2026
Some great accounts of people and orgs to follow here who are interested in and share thoughts about the theory of monotropism go.bsky.app/63PBN1y
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Reposted by Monotropism.org
Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 08/07/2026
Here's @laurahellfeld.bsky.social on monotropism and some of the reasons why so many Autistic people struggle to sleep... open.substack.com/pub/laurahel...
open.substack.com
Monotropism After Dark: Why Your Brain May Need Time to Settle Before Sleep
One of the ideas I shared during the Autistic Burnout Conference has stayed with me, because it explains something so many neurodivergent people describe but rarely see reflected in sleep advice.
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Autistic Realms (Helen Edgar) @autisticrealms.bsky.social · 19/08/2026
My short book is available on Amazon. May be valuable for families and teachers preparing for the new term. Embracing Monotropism and Supporting Young People To Help Prevent Autistic Burnout www.amazon.co.uk/Embracing-Mo...
"Book cover for 'Embracing Monotropism and Supporting Young People To Help Prevent Autistic Burnout' by Helen Edgar. A sage green background features a flowing pattern of curved teal and blue-grey lines sweeping from the top left corner down to the bottom right, with a small grid of light dots in the upper left. 'Helen Edgar' appears in white text at the top right. The title is set in bold white text across the lower half of the cover."
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Autistic Realms (Helen Edgar) @autisticrealms.bsky.social · 19/08/2026
Check out the monotropism mug from @petewharmby.com and lots of other autism and monotropism themed goodies! neurodiversitees.co.uk/product/mono...
neurodiversitees.co.uk
Monotropic Flow Mug
This 11oz mug and its colourful design will make a stylish addition to your kitchen essentials. Even better, it's designed to be sent back and remade...
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Jacqui Lewis @jacquiearlyed.bsky.social · 23/08/2026
Great read Darren.I recently cons monotropism through an education lens re flow state & pathway to joy- I think the sticky & springy ref are also helpful for educators re how we need to respect disengagement & the differentiation this can inform, if u fancy a read -
earlyyearswales.hflip.co
smalltalk_July 2026_ENGLISH
In this issue, we explore a question that sits at the heart of early childhood: Why Children Need Joy.
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AFI: The Autism and Financial Independence Podcast @afipod.bsky.social · 23/08/2026
Part 21: Monotropism Hello, and welcome back to The Autistic Writer. Over the years, there have been many theories and many diagnostic models that have claimed to explain or define autism. Many have been wrong, as in the refrigerator mother theory, for example. Some are works in progress. None has…
autisticwriter.com
Part 21: Monotropism
Hello, and welcome back to The Autistic Writer. Over the years, there have been many theories and many diagnostic models that have claimed to explain or define autism. Many have been wrong, as in the refrigerator mother theory, for example. Some are works in progress. None has yet had the final word. But one theory that is currently gaining a lot of traction is the monotropism theory. But does it actually deserve the credit it is widely receiving as a theory of autism? My Story As an undiagnosed and unidentified autistic child in the early 1970s, I had a pretty awful time at school.
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Autistic Realms (Helen Edgar) @autisticrealms.bsky.social · 25/08/2026
The word meraki feels very monotropic to me, and it's in the book I co-authored last year with @auroraconsulting.bsky.social and Felicity Goodhall. Words: Inspired By The Experience Of Being Monotropic FREE download autisticrealms.com/words-inspir...
autisticrealms.com
Words: Inspired By The Experience Of Being Monotropic | Autistic Realms
Monotropism is a neurodiversity-affirming theory of autism (Murray et al., 2005). Autistic /ADHD/ AuDHD people are more likely to be monotropic(Garau et al. ...
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Jamie And Lion (aka, SpacedOutSmiles) @jamieandlion.bsky.social · 27/08/2026
Momentum and inertia are such huuuuge concepts in my life. When stuff flows the focus tunnels are amazing. But when stuff isn’t flowing life gets really really tricky Slowly getting into new routine, flow is coming back. I’ve missed if so much!! Yay monotropism :)
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 01/08/2026
You're welcome! Just added you to the Monotropism Starter Pack, as well: go.bsky.app/63PBN1y
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Pebble Autism @pebbleautism.bsky.social · 08/07/2026
This is fascinating on monotropism, sleep and closing loops. Every time we read something new about the impacts of monotropism it’s like another light has gone on! 💡
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 08/07/2026
Here's @laurahellfeld.bsky.social on monotropism and some of the reasons why so many Autistic people struggle to sleep... open.substack.com/pub/laurahel...
open.substack.com
Monotropism After Dark: Why Your Brain May Need Time to Settle Before Sleep
One of the ideas I shared during the Autistic Burnout Conference has stayed with me, because it explains something so many neurodivergent people describe but rarely see reflected in sleep advice.
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Reposted by Monotropism.org
Autistic Realms (Helen Edgar) @autisticrealms.bsky.social · 07/07/2026
It's five years today since Dinah Murray died, one of the founders of the theory of monotropism. I've written a tribute to her & to everything monotropism has given me & our community Many thanks to @oolong.co.uk and @katefoxwriter75.bsky.social for the inspiration morerealms.com/monotropa-un...
morerealms.com
Monotropa Uniflora & Monotropism: A Tribute to Dinah Murray
Monotropa Uniflora & Monotropism: A Tribute to Dinah Murray
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Leo Murray @crisortunity.bsky.social · 07/07/2026
Five years today since my dear, fantastic mother Dinah Murray shuffled off the mortal coil. She was such a potent force for positive change and a constant inspiration to me and many others. One important dimension of her many gifts to the world is here @monotropism.org monotropism.org
monotropism.org
Monotropism, an Autistic theory of autism
Monotropism is a theory of autism developed by autistic people, initially by Dinah Murray and Wenn Lawson. Monotropic minds tend to have their attention pulled more strongly towards a smaller number o...
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Reposted by Monotropism.org
Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 29/06/2026
Here, @stimpunks.org summarise and build on Dinah Murray and Mike Lesser's piece for the 1999 online Autism99 conference, exploring why computers can work so well for Autistic people. 27 years on, are digital devices still so well-suited to monotropic processors? stimpunks.org/space/autism...
stimpunks.org
Autism and Computing: The Root of Our Online Space
An Autistic reading of Dinah Murray and Mike Lesser’s 1999 hypertext, traced through ARLES and Cavendish Space. Our online space has an ancestor, and it is older than the web most people picture. In 1...
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 01/07/2026
Dinah also discussed in some depth why computers might suit monotropic people so well in her 1996 paper for the Durham conference, 'Shared Attention and Speech in Autism'. monotropism.org/dinah/shared...
monotropism.org
Shared Attention and Speech in Autism - Monotropism
Dinah KC Murray, BA AM PhDLondon, UK. The primary theme of this short piece is that an immediate aim of much or most therapy in autism is the softening or relaxation of the super-aroused attention-tun...
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 01/07/2026
Dinah was writing about the potential of computers in education for Autistic children - maximising autonomous learning - and in helping Autistic people to connect, from her very first paper on Monotropism in 1992. monotropism.org/dinah/attent...
Maximising their control over what they learn whilst making sure new relevant information comes their way, would seem to be the most appealing pedagogic option for children with autism. Computers and specially designed computer programs should be uniquely fit for this purpose: controllable, predictable, potentially limitlessly informative, and capable of clear, easily understood expression if used that way.What is more, computers could be used to network people with autism, both with each other and with non-autistic people, and so put them into a comfortable mode of communication. If this is right, then it should be a priority to make sure that as many people with autism as possible have access to computers, from as early an age as is feasible.
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 01/07/2026
Dinah's Autism and Computing YouTube playlist, created around 2009, is still of some historical interest. youtube.com/playlist?lis...
youtube.com
Autism and computing - YouTube
illustrates computer use
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 01/07/2026
Like most people thinking about autism in the 1990s, Dinah largely focused on Autistic people with relatively high support needs at this time. Unlike most autism researchers, she made getting to know them and supporting them a priority! share.google/A7z8y4bpYN1r...
share.google
My Mum and Monotropism
Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 01/07/2026
The mathematician and programmer Mike Lesser, who co-founded the organisation Autism and Computing with Dinah Murray and worked closely with her for decades, died on this day eleven years ago. monotropism.org/mike-lesser/
monotropism.org
Mike Lesser (1943-2015) - Monotropism
(Fergus Murray, 2023) Mike Lesser was a mathematician and political activist who worked with Dinah Murray and Wenn Lawson to develop the theory of Monotropism. He brought expertise in dynamical system...
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Reposted by Monotropism.org
Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 01/07/2026
We've just added another of Dinah's chapters, from a 2011 book called Autism and Learning. Attached is a list of "Why computers suit autistic individuals", each one expanded on in the text. monotropism.org/autism-it/
Contained, very clear-cut boundary conditions.

Naturally monotropic, (cf. Douglas Coupland’s ‘overfocused’) thus context-free.

Restricted stimuli in all sensory modalities.

Rule-governed and predictable thus controllable (despite annoying mistakes).

Safe error-making.

Highly perfectible medium.

Possibilities of non-verbal or verbal expression.

Interacts cotropically with the individual, i.e. it joins the individual’s attention tunnel, ‘starts where the child is’.
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 03/07/2026
Building on all of the above and @kieranrose.bsky.social's introduction to monotropism, here's more from @ryanboren.bsky.social at @stimpunks.org... stimpunks.org/space/therap...
Sit beside one at the computer (not crowding!)… Do not intervene unless there is a call for it! Do not try to divert the flow!

Dinah Murray, Autism and information technology (2011)
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 04/07/2026
5th July is Research Appreciation Day launched by Mental Health Research Check out our research round-ups for all monotropism-related work Monotropism in practice monotropism.org/in-practice/ Research updates monotropism.org/updates/ MentalHealth research www.mqmentalhealth.org/research-app...
monotropism.org
Monotropism in Practice
Monotropism is valuable as a theory of autism, but perhaps it is really its practical applications that demand the most attention - at school, at play, at work and in mental health.
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 03/07/2026
Building on all of the above and @kieranrose.bsky.social's introduction to monotropism, here's more from @ryanboren.bsky.social at @stimpunks.org... stimpunks.org/space/therap...
Sit beside one at the computer (not crowding!)… Do not intervene unless there is a call for it! Do not try to divert the flow!

Dinah Murray, Autism and information technology (2011)
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 01/07/2026
We've just added another of Dinah's chapters, from a 2011 book called Autism and Learning. Attached is a list of "Why computers suit autistic individuals", each one expanded on in the text. monotropism.org/autism-it/
Contained, very clear-cut boundary conditions.

Naturally monotropic, (cf. Douglas Coupland’s ‘overfocused’) thus context-free.

Restricted stimuli in all sensory modalities.

Rule-governed and predictable thus controllable (despite annoying mistakes).

Safe error-making.

Highly perfectible medium.

Possibilities of non-verbal or verbal expression.

Interacts cotropically with the individual, i.e. it joins the individual’s attention tunnel, ‘starts where the child is’.
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 01/07/2026
The mathematician and programmer Mike Lesser, who co-founded the organisation Autism and Computing with Dinah Murray and worked closely with her for decades, died on this day eleven years ago. monotropism.org/mike-lesser/
monotropism.org
Mike Lesser (1943-2015) - Monotropism
(Fergus Murray, 2023) Mike Lesser was a mathematician and political activist who worked with Dinah Murray and Wenn Lawson to develop the theory of Monotropism. He brought expertise in dynamical system...
154
Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 01/07/2026
Like most people thinking about autism in the 1990s, Dinah largely focused on Autistic people with relatively high support needs at this time. Unlike most autism researchers, she made getting to know them and supporting them a priority! share.google/A7z8y4bpYN1r...
share.google
My Mum and Monotropism
Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.
193
Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 01/07/2026
Dinah's Autism and Computing YouTube playlist, created around 2009, is still of some historical interest. youtube.com/playlist?lis...
youtube.com
Autism and computing - YouTube
illustrates computer use
132
Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 01/07/2026
Dinah was writing about the potential of computers in education for Autistic children - maximising autonomous learning - and in helping Autistic people to connect, from her very first paper on Monotropism in 1992. monotropism.org/dinah/attent...
Maximising their control over what they learn whilst making sure new relevant information comes their way, would seem to be the most appealing pedagogic option for children with autism. Computers and specially designed computer programs should be uniquely fit for this purpose: controllable, predictable, potentially limitlessly informative, and capable of clear, easily understood expression if used that way.What is more, computers could be used to network people with autism, both with each other and with non-autistic people, and so put them into a comfortable mode of communication. If this is right, then it should be a priority to make sure that as many people with autism as possible have access to computers, from as early an age as is feasible.
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 01/07/2026
Dinah also discussed in some depth why computers might suit monotropic people so well in her 1996 paper for the Durham conference, 'Shared Attention and Speech in Autism'. monotropism.org/dinah/shared...
monotropism.org
Shared Attention and Speech in Autism - Monotropism
Dinah KC Murray, BA AM PhDLondon, UK. The primary theme of this short piece is that an immediate aim of much or most therapy in autism is the softening or relaxation of the super-aroused attention-tun...
154
Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 29/06/2026
Here, @stimpunks.org summarise and build on Dinah Murray and Mike Lesser's piece for the 1999 online Autism99 conference, exploring why computers can work so well for Autistic people. 27 years on, are digital devices still so well-suited to monotropic processors? stimpunks.org/space/autism...
stimpunks.org
Autism and Computing: The Root of Our Online Space
An Autistic reading of Dinah Murray and Mike Lesser’s 1999 hypertext, traced through ARLES and Cavendish Space. Our online space has an ancestor, and it is older than the web most people picture. In 1...
3208
Reposted by Monotropism.org
aslynn is just a ghoul 👻 @aslynnromano.com · 20/06/2026
shout out to @monotropism.org, the core theory about being Autistic that helps explain most specifically the way in which our internal experience & cognitive processes can differ Just as enlightening as the Autism realizations in the first place Counseling I provide always includes this discussion
monotropism.org
Monotropism, an Autistic theory of autism
Monotropism is a theory of autism developed by autistic people, initially by Dinah Murray and Wenn Lawson. Monotropic minds tend to have their attention pulled more strongly towards a smaller number of interests at any given time, leaving fewer resources for other processes. We argue that this can explain nearly all of the features commonly associated with autism, directly or indirectly.
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 29/05/2026
The great @petewharmby.com is running an event on Wednesday, the 24th of June at 8pm BST, on Autistic Hyperfocus and Interests. "I'll be looking at monotropism, as a major feature of being autistic, and the variety of ways it can manifest" Tickets cost £9.38. www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/autistic-h...
eventbrite.co.uk
Autistic Hyperfocus and Interests
A celebration and exploration of autistic interests and focus
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 16/05/2026
"To date, the theory most praised by Autistic individuals themselves is known as the theory of monotropism." "Monotropism makes up for many of the flaws in previously popular theories of autism, differing from its predecessors in that it takes into account the lived experiences of autists" S Stokes
brocku.scholaris.ca
Effective Altruism on Animal Activism — A Site of Ableism and Neoliberal Co-optation of Neurodivergence
Effective Altruism, or EA, is a relatively recent framework and movement introduced to global philanthropic spaces (Singer, 2015), relying on “careful analysis of evidence” (Gabriel, 2017, p. 458) to ...
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Reposted by Monotropism.org
Stimpunks Foundation @stimpunks.org · 13/05/2026
Two of the most important ideas in autism research that every educator should know: Monotropism. The double empathy problem. Nine minutes of video. A changed classroom. stimpunks.org/access/educa... #autistic #education
stimpunks.org
Education Access: We’ve Turned Classrooms Into a Hell for Neurodivergence
We have autistic children who need us to support them as architects of their own liberation. Neurodiversity is an equity imperative and is critical in shifting the culture of teaching and learning.…
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 13/05/2026
"Understanding monotropism is essential for practitioners working with families, as it reframes apparent “deficits” as differences in how attention is allocated and sustained" From Wenn Lawson, one of the originators of the theory of Monotropism. link.springer.com/article/10.1...
link.springer.com
From Disruption to Connection: A Family-Based Practice Model for Enhancing Relationships in Families of Autistic Adolescents - Child Psychiatry & Human Development
Research examining family relationships in families with autistic members remains limited, and integrative frameworks that translate evidence into family focused practice are scarce. Existing interven...
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 12/05/2026
One more piece of background reading/listening: Fergus's 2021 talk on craft, flow and cognitive styles. oolong.medium.com/craft-flow-a... www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ztw7...
youtube.com
Craft, Flow and Cognitive Styles
YouTube video by 0olong
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 07/05/2026
It's great to hear that this work has resonated so much with @blindboyboatclub.bsky.social and many of his listeners! You can see some of the responses on his Instagram post: www.instagram.com/p/DX_hn39DF-...
instagram.com
Instagram
Create an account or log in to Instagram - Share what you're into with the people who get you.
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 07/05/2026
Brett Gemma, Lorna and Fergus also recorded a chat about Autistic flow - thoughts about the paper, possible future work and more - here: youtu.be/lGrLMPXJAuk?...
youtu.be
Towards Autistic Flow Theory - Flow Podcast Ep 1
YouTube video by Heasman Flow Lab
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 07/05/2026
Co-author Gemma Williams talked about Towards Autistic Flow Theory on her own podcast here: substack.com/@drgemmawill...
substack.com
Toward Autistic Flow Theory
Listen now | Introducing you to a podcast conversation with researchers about autistic flow states
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 07/05/2026
...and so was Fergus Murray @oolong.co.uk in 2024. www.buzzsprout.com/1184276/epis...
buzzsprout.com
Podcast: Monotropism with Fergus Murray - The Middletown Centre for Autism Podcast
The theory of Monotropism focuses on how autistic people allocate their attention. Autistic theorist, Fergus Murray joins us on the latest podcast episode to discuss how the theory, which was develope...
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 07/05/2026
Joan McDonald @posautive.bsky.social was also on, talking about monotropism and flow... bsky.app/profile/oolo...
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 07/05/2026
Several other episodes of that podcast are relevant, too! Co-author Gemma also appeared, mostly talking about her work on Autistic communication. bsky.app/profile/oolo...
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 07/05/2026
Brett chatted about this work with Cat Hughes for the Middletown Centre podcast here: bsky.app/profile/bret...
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 07/05/2026
There's a very nice piece in The Psychologist magazine about this work: bsky.app/profile/psyc...
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 07/05/2026
The follow-up paper is also open-access! It includes empirical work building on the ideas in the 2024 paper, led by Brett's student Daniella Wain. The co-authors are joined by Deborah Wortman. Fergus Murray (that's me) was too fatigued to contribute to this. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Transitioning in and out of Autistic Flow: A Qualitative Study Presenting a Non‐Pathologising Approach to Autistic Well‐Being and Conceptualising Autistic Ways of Being in Clinical and Therapeutic Settings
Introduction Autistic flow is a term that has been used to describe the autistic experience of being deeply immersed in an activity. Autistic flow theory proposes that autistic people may be uniquel...
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Monotropism.org @monotropism.org · 07/05/2026
The 2024 paper is open-access. It's by @brettheasman.bsky.social, Gemma Williams, @drlornaham.bsky.social, Damian Milton and @oolong.co.uk. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Towards autistic flow theory: A non‐pathologising conceptual approach
Flow states are heightened moments of concentration, motivation and enjoyment, leading to total absorption in the present moment. A striking parallel exists between flow states and phenomenological a...
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