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Thomas A. Carlson

@medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social
550 followers 278 following 262 posts

Historian of the Middle East c. 950-1500 CE, but I teach much more broadly. I'm writing a book about religious diversity in an illiberal society. www.thomasacarlson.com medievalmideast.org www.cambridge.org/9781107186279 he/ܗܘ/هو

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Reposted by Thomas A. Carlson
Al-ʿUṣūr al-Wusṭā: The Journal of Middle East Medievalists @alusuralwusta.bsky.social · 07/09/2026
New article alert! Let’s start w/ a personal manuscript from 9/15th cent., including a letter from Cairo’s chief judge & a list of books for sale from Mamluk Baalbek. This article challenges the divide btw documentary & manuscript studies through a fresh look at texts, material & social practice
Arabic manuscript.  Letter from Taqī al-Dīn al-Akhnāʾī to ʿAlam al-Dīn al-Akhnāʾī in Damascus. Damascus, National Library of Syria, MS 2969, fol. 163r.
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Carole Cadwalladr @carolecadwalla.bsky.social · 02/09/2026
NEW: French researcher Stephanie Lamy exposes the network of “race realists” who hunted Jason Arday like prey, and the media that fell into his trap. If you think the news cycle has “moved on” from this story, ask yourself why? broligarchy.substack.com/p/the-killin...
broligarchy.substack.com
The killing of a black man
A French researcher exposes the network of “race realists” who hunted Jason Arday like prey and the media who fell into their trap
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 03/09/2026
Okay, this made me really laugh aloud:
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 03/09/2026
Enthralling readers is the only sine qua non of this chain. Knowledge discovery without enthralling readers is mere pedantry. But how do you enthrall readers? Evidently that's my weakness.
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 01/09/2026
Does anyone know where the idea originated that #Islam is divided into three denominations, #Sunnis, #Shiites, and #Sufis? Most of my students don't have any background knowledge about Islam (which is ok), but of those who do, almost all "know" Sufism is parallel to Shiism (instead of overlapping).
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 30/08/2026
I stopped using Google Maps in 2025 when it relabeled the Gulf of Mexico at the behest of a certain loudmouth bully. While he probably can give instructions as to what the executive branch calls geographic features, he cannot mandate the names used by anyone else.
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Charles West @pseudo-isidore.bsky.social · 28/08/2026
A receipt for 65 sheep, issued in Greek and Arabic by Emir Abdullah bin Jabir, just months after the Muslim conquest of Egypt.
Papyrus sheet
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lyra tasis🪬🧿✡︎ @tribhuwana.bsky.social · 28/08/2026
I always enjoy a good feminist legal history but sometimes I think medieval scholars overrate mere access to institutions as a metric for knowledge and understanding of legal systems, especially when the evidence is women’s access to those institutions was heavily filtered through male intercessors
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 27/08/2026
I should also say two things: 1) I welcome suggestions to improve my teaching! If you have other ideas, or concerns about this approach, please share! 2) I don't know how much of my approach depends on the fact that I teach a widely misrepresented field of history, though I suspect it generalizes.
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 27/08/2026
Since I fully agree with the majority view that LLMs/generative "AI" causes brain rot and is bad for teaching humanities, but I disagree with the response "then everything must be handwritten in class," I thought I'd post a thread on my response (which I think preserves accessibility but YMMV): 1+
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 27/08/2026
I love making medieval Middle East connections, just sayin'.
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Sonja Drimmer @sonjadrimmer.bsky.social · 26/08/2026
And if you’re in or near Stillwater Oklahoma in October, come on out and hear some thoughts related to this book and more!
A poster for a talk I’m giving. Key info from the poster is as follows:

FUTURE-PROOFING THE PAST: A POLITICAL ECONOMY OF
THE HUMANITIES WITHOUT AI
Humanities Week Keynote Lecture
with Dr. Sonja Drimmer, UMass Amherst
Thursday, October 8
4-5:30 PM
Helmerich Browsing Room
OSU Library
Why has Google invested so much in
art museums? What is OpenAI doing
in its partnerships with academic
libraries and archives? How has it
become popular for tech CEOs to
author manifestos in the guise of
historical treatises?
This talk offers an account of how
the political project of inserting
artifical intelligence into every civic
institution has depended, and
continues to depend, on the
technology industry's exploitation of
history.
Dr. Sonja Drimmer is Associate
Professor of the History of Art &
Architecture at the University of
Massachusetts, Amherst. Her research
interests include premodern notions of
authorship and authority, media
theory, book history, and the
aesthetics and material culture of
politics. She is the 2026-2027 W. Ford
Schumann Distinguished Visiting
Professor in Democratic Studies at
Williams College.
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Annette Yoshiko Reed @annetteyreed.bsky.social · 26/08/2026
A bit too true to be funny www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/our...
mcsweeneys.net
Our University Does Not Require Books, Paper, or Human Knowledge
“Such a radical shakeup in learning has never happened before, as far as I know. Is there even a way to learn about whether or not something has happened bef...
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Pieter T. L. Beck @ptrbck.bsky.social · 25/08/2026
We have written a statement in support of Ghent Uni's decision to suspend Nathan Cofnas. We resist attempts to frame this as a punishment for "whistleblowing" or censorship of "controversial research". We invite all academics who share our views to sign our letter. forms.gle/qwN8xzEM5C7Q...
forms.gle
Open letter on the suspension of Nathan Cofnas at Ghent University
We, colleagues of Nathan Cofnas - supported by many colleagues internationally - want to respond to the negative and incorrect framing of Ghent University’s decision to suspend Nathan Cofnas. With th...
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Monica H Green @monicamedhist.bsky.social · 25/08/2026
A notice to scientists doing paleosciences: please #TalkToALibrarian about the bibliographic traditions in History. Science databases are virtually worthless for finding scholarship in history. You cannot cite a book review you found in a science journal in lieu of actually reading the history BOOK.
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Dr. Nick Posegay @nposegay.northsky.social · 25/08/2026
I am very tired of academics and feel compelled to spend the day looking at cool manuscripts. The undertext here is John 14–15 in Christian Palestinian Aramaic (~700 CE), a dialect similar to Jewish Palestinian Aramaic written in a script resembling Syriac. The overtext is Hebrew poetry copied ~900.
Brownish parchment manuscript folio with several sections torn from the edges, sitting on a blue background. There are about 30 lines of Hebrew text in black ink, which appear upside-down from this perspective. Behind the Hebrew is about 20 lines of light-brown, much-faded Christian Palestinian Aramaic text in 2 columns. The classmark is CUL T-S 16.98 (additional images here: https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00016-00098/1)Multispectral image photograph of the same manuscript from the previous image. The Hebrew text now appears bright teal, clearly distinct from the Aramaic text behind it, which is now dark purple. The background looks grey.
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Dr. Nick Posegay @nposegay.northsky.social · 25/08/2026
These two pages are the Hebrew book of Numbers written in Arabic script (~11th century). You read that right: it's Hebrew language transliterated using the Arabic alphabet for Arabic-speaking Jews. Manuscripts like this have proven vital to reconstructing medieval Hebrew pronunciation traditions.
Light brown paper bifolium with 9 lines of messy brown-black Arabic script pointed with a combination of Arabic consonantal diacritic dots and Hebrew vowel dots. The manuscript sits on a blue background next to a yellow label that reads T-S Ar.52.242 P1 (images and metadata here: https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-AR-00052-00242/1)
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 25/08/2026
"Mafiosos in MAGAstan" is a fabulous choice of words which I will have to remember.
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 24/08/2026
I almost want to produce an edited volume, "The Life of a History Professor," where professors who don't teach at fancy schools talk about what it's really like trying to be a history professor. It might be eye-opening for many constituencies.
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 23/08/2026
I can put seven words on a cardboard sign and stand beside a busy intersection in my small city for one hour and have ~2,000 drivers read those words, and I'm afraid academia is not successfully persuading me that any writing I have done is any more impactful than putting words on a sign.
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Asheesh Kapur Siddique @asheeshks.org · 22/08/2026
Cofnas was not doing the thing he was hired to do. Academic freedom does not cover ”not doing your job.”
Your employment contract (article 1) and the va cy for which you were recruited (ref. LWC define your research mandate as a study of 'the
future of liberalism'
', specifically focusing on liberalism as a political doctrine emphasizing individual freedom and equality. The projects you publicly and repeatedly associate with your
affiliation at Ghent University, most notably your 'Guide for the Hereditarian Revolution' which advocates for racial barriers and segregation, fall entirely outside the scope of your official research
mandate.
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David Veevers @davidveevers.bsky.social · 22/08/2026
It’s been a couple of years of tech bros and influencers telling us ‘AI is progressing so fast, your [insert sector] is SO cooked’ and honestly the only thing worrying about it so far is how easily managers in all walks of work have been duped by this slop.
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 22/08/2026
This is all true, and we absolutely should celebrate others' successes, but that also should not stop us from interrogating the structures and systems which lead to "some people have all the luck."
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Leonore (Lee) Carpenter @leecarpenter.bsky.social · 19/08/2026
In case you are an academic who is currently being gaslit into believing that you're a caveman who wants their students to be jobless if you resist allowing AI in your classrooms... I present to you Berkeley Law's response, which can be summarized as "Fuck off directly into the sun."
law.berkeley.edu
Artificial Intelligence Policy
Effective Summer 2026 Purpose Future lawyers may need to use artificial intelligence (“AI”) fluently. But the current state of the technology requires that AI use be coupled with the cognitive […]
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Benjamin Riley @benjaminjriley.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
So we know AI helped a negligible number of students. But how many did it harm? I've crunched the raw data provided by the lead researcher, and what I've found is that ~9,500 students using AI studied less than even the *least* studious, non-AI using student. This should shock the conscience.
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Adam 👻Boo!rsi👻 @adambursi.bsky.social · 21/08/2026
For those starting a new semester teaching on Islamic history, Jewish-Christian-Muslim relations, Intro to Religion etc.: Here is a handout I made awhile ago with early Sunnī and Shīʿī ḥadīth on prayer in Jewish/Christian buildings. Useful for class discussions www.academia.edu/50857162/Ear...
academia.edu
Early Islamic Sources on Prayer within Jewish and Christian Buildings
Early Islamic Sources on Prayer within Jewish and Christian Buildings
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 19/08/2026
This is probably an excellent book! It is also yet another example of how #Medieval / #MiddleAges with no geographical scope means Western Europe only, not even #Byzantium, to say nothing of Muslim-ruled lands, which sometimes made more books than Western Europe, or China, which invented printing.
A book cover for The Medieval Scriptorium: Making Books in the Middle Ages by Sara J. Charles
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Dr. Nick Posegay @nposegay.northsky.social · 17/08/2026
Cambridge's @theul.bsky.social recently uploaded almost 1000 new images of unconserved, undescribed Cairo Genizah fragments, which means there's a good chance you can find something here that no one has read for hundreds of years: cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/search?Facet...
Mosseri IX.70.2, a small, creased, stained, rectangular scrap of rag paper with 7 lines of Hebrew script in light brown ink. The fragment sits against a blue background with a yellow label showing the scale (fragment is about 4" by 3")
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Byzantine Mosaics @byzantinemosaics.bsky.social · 17/08/2026
Maria of the Mongols www.wikiart.org/en/byzantine-mosaic…
Maria of the Mongols
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Jonathan Parkes Allen @jparkesallen.bsky.social · 17/08/2026
Some visually striking excerpts from a 15th century Karaite Judeo-Arabic (and that one little block of Arabic script text!) majmū'a of medical and scientific texts (SBB Ms. or. oct. 349), a reminder that I really ought to refresh my knowledge of Hebrew script:
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Tad DeLay @taddelay.bsky.social · 17/08/2026
After my time adjucting I can’t pass up a chance to remind you this is the actual crisis in higher education. “I recently heard about a student who was shocked to discover, upon dropping food off at a local pantry, that their instructor was the one picking it up.”
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Brian Ulrich @brianjulrich.bsky.social · 16/08/2026
New publication of Middle Eastern environmental history #water @leidenup.bsky.social
lup.nl
Water Management in the Premodern Middle East - Leiden University Press
This volume makes an important new contribution to our understanding of how water was distributed, regulated, and used by urban populations in premodern societies.
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 15/08/2026
Never appease bullies (unless you are tactically buying time for a planned counter-attack, I suppose) Appeasing bullies will accomplish nothing
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 14/08/2026
My predecessor in my current job was fired from a tenured position when it was discovered that he plagiarized his dissertation/book. You've never heard of him, because it didn't make the news. It was not newsworthy.
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 12/08/2026
This is great news! This multilingualism continued into the #medieval #MiddleEast just with more Arabic! There are some references to Arabic already in Dr. Minets' wonderful brief book, but it could have been added also to Christianity, and the work of Ahmad al-Jallad could have informed more.
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 11/08/2026
I don't do hot takes; I'm a #medieval #historian Two big things bothered me about the Atlantic essay yesterday: 1) presenting Bates as typical of higher education's trajectory 2) narrating confidential details of hiring processes with the merest fig-leaf of anonymizing by changing only names. 1+
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 11/08/2026
This depends not only on field but also on school. It's certainly true at the most research-intensive institutions, but it isn't even true at my (classified R1!) employer, to say nothing of masters-only public institutions: tenure without a book is often very possible, with other publications.
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 08/08/2026
This coming semester I will be teaching a one-off special topics class on the history of 9/11. I want to include perspectives from around the world. Any suggestions? Has anyone taught such a course?
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Nic Morton @nicmorton.bsky.social · 30/07/2026
Egyptian mummies in the medieval era Digging up Egyptian tombs was big business in the 13thC - lot of money to be made! One author reports chopped up mummy wrappings being used as price labels in markets. The pyramids were difficult to access and full of bats. (1/2)
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folukeifejola @folukeifejola.bsky.social · 30/07/2026
"Edward Said’s critique of Conrad's Heart of Darkness, notes that, despite Conrad’s disgust for colonial horrors, a world where Europe did not exercise mastery over Africa was beyond Conrad’s imagination."
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 30/07/2026
The #medieval #podcast episode with me is up: www.medievalpodcast.com/episodes/the... It was a delight speaking with Dr. Danièle Cybulskie about a more global #MiddleAges and what one learns when one does not start or end in Europe. #MiddleEast
medievalpodcast.com
The Travels of Mar Yahballaha and Rabban Sawma with Thomas A. Carlson — The Medieval Podcast
Pretty much everyone has heard about Marco Polo and his thirteenth-century journey from Italy to China. But just as the Polos were making their way east, two other intrepid travellers were making the ...
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 16/07/2026
I was interviewed for a podcast about the History of Mar Yahballaha and Rabban Sawma. I think the podcast will be out next week, but in case you want to get the book ahead of time: hackettpublishing.com/history-of-m... I'm still happy with my introduction. #medieval #MiddleEast #Mongols #Islam
hackettpublishing.com
The History of Mar Yahballaha and Rabban Sawma
"For anyone interested in the extraordinary journey of Rabban Sauma from 13th-century China to Latin Christian Europe, Thomas A. Carlson's The History of Mar Yabhallaha & Rabban Sawma is a godsend. Based on Pier Giorgio Borbone's and Laura E. Parodi's magisterial edition and translation, Carlson’s new text is excellent for courses in world literature, travel literature, medieval biography, church history, comparative Christianities, global pilgrimage studies, religious studies, and even hagiographic writing.  The book's lively, engaging introduction supplies important background on the history of the Mongols, Eurasia, Central Asia, the Church of the East, the peoples of the steppe, the Ilkhanate of West Asia, and key historical events of the 13th and early 14th centuries, making what might seem esoteric and strange crystal clear and easy to understand.  This book is indispensable for teaching, as well as a delight and pleasure for the general reader." —Geraldine Heng, author of The Global Middle Ages: An Introduction, and The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 16/07/2026
I was never cool in school. So isn't it ironic that I landed in a career where every step forward, every form of success, even just continuing to do my job requires winning a popularity contest (with students, parents, administrators, editors, or fellow academics)?
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 16/07/2026
I (re)wrote a book proposal today, and again find myself wishing that academic authors and editors could sit down and agree on a shared format. Cutting a 330-word summary down to a 150-word summary is not trivial! It's also interesting reflecting on publishers' and authors' divergent interests.
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Monica Mitri @monicamitri.bsky.social · 29/04/2026
Imposter syndrome, brought to you from the 13th century. Loose translation: "I embarked [on this work] but what stopped me was what I know of shortcomings in myself. My heart whispered to me: “who are you to undertake to enter these palaces [of former scholars]? ...
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Dr Abeba Birhane @abeba.blacksky.app · 25/04/2026
been thinking a lot about this 1972 Weizenbaum paper a lot lately, especially when i hear people say things like access to llms reduce inequality by leveling the playing field, solve the mental health crisis & the loneliness pandemic, etc, all of which are problems rooted in very technology itself
a screenshot reads: The structure of the typical essay
on "The impact of computers on so-
ciety" is as follows: First there is an
"on the one hand" statement. It tells
all the good things oomputers have
already done for society and often even
attempts to argue that the social order
would already have collapsed were it
not for the "computer revolution."
This is usually followed by an "on the
other hand" caution which tells of cer-
tain problems the introduction of com-
puters brings in its wake. The threat
posed to individual privacy by large
data banks and the danger of large-
scale unemployment induced by indus-
trial automation are usually mentioned.
Finally, the glorious present and pro-
spective achievements of the computer
are applauded, while the *dangers al-
luded to in the second part are shown
to be capable of being alleviated by
sophisticated technological fixes. The
closing paragraph consists of a plea
for generous societal support for more,
and more large-scale, computer re-
search and development. This is
usually coupled to the more or less
subtle assertion that only computer
science, hence only the computer sci-
entist, can guard the world against the
admittedly hazardous fallout of applied
computer technology.
In fact, the computer has had very
considerably less societal impact than
the mass media would lead us to be-
lieve. Certainly, there are enterprises
like space travel that could not have
been undertaken without computers.
Certainly the computer industry, and
with it the computer education indus-
try, has grown to enormous propor-
tions. But much of the industry is
self-serving. It is rather like an island
economy in which the natives make a
living by talking in each other's laundry.
The part that is not self-serving is
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 25/04/2026
It's hard to imagine a more pointed break from his predecessor's deals with the Turkish government. This will really piss off some people in Ankara.
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Chris Riedel @medievalhistory.bsky.social · 21/04/2026
If a college education did nothing but prevent you from ever acting like you were 100% sure about something ever again, & made you feel like you always needed to learn more & question your assumptions, it would be the best education money could buy, & worth the government providing it free to all.
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Thomas A. Carlson @medievalmiddleeast.bsky.social · 21/04/2026
I have been asked multiple times about my scholarly ideas, "Why didn't people think of this sooner?" 1. Because it didn't occur to them. 2. How do you think the history of ideas works? 3. Are you intending to imply that I can't have new ideas? 4. They weren't dumb, just interested in other things.
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