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Neuroscientist Kauê M. Costa talks about surprising results that are changing how we think dopamine works and how the brain really learns

Applying new tools to behavioral tests to discern how we learn

Dopamine signaling has become closely associated with reward prediction errors (RPEs)–the difference between expected and experienced value. Although not wit...

Dopamine neurons projecting to distinct brain regions have unique biophysical properties, which is thought to reflect functional specialization. One defining feature is the duration of hyperpolarizati...

Learn about neuroscience labs launched in the past two years, plus a few opening their doors in 2026.

This “dopamine aficionado” is exploring new approaches to a Parkinson’s puzzle

Kauê M. Costa, PhD, recipient of a Parkinson’s Foundation Impact Award, is diving into the complex neuroscience of PD to better understand what causes cognitive PD symptoms to occur before movement sy...

We are pleased to announce two new features in MapMyCells. MapMyCells now allows users to map data onto the Consensus Basal Ganglia taxonomy, a multi-species (human, macaque, marmoset) taxonomy of ...

Dopamine reflects prediction errors not only about reward but also about valueless stimuli, challenging many current theories.

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Inactivation of the ventral subiculum does not change existing schema cells in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) but aids their formation during new learning. This challenges the idea that the OFC relies...

Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) changes quickly in response to errors in predicting events like reward delivery1,2,3 but also slowly …

Over recent decades, temporal difference reinforcement learning (TDRL) models have successfully explained much dopamine (DA) activity. This success ha…

A widely accepted assumption in addiction research is that overvaluation of drug cues is caused by enhanced dopaminergic response to these cues. Here, the authors show similar dopamine neuronal respon...