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Simultaneous imaging of premotor cortex and cerebellar granule cells in mice learning two skills in parallel shows that trajectories generalize in cortex but coherently reorient apart in granule cells...

Using 30 months of panel data on 26,811 Chinese students in grades 7-12, we study how generative AI affects homework productivity and learning. The data combine

Neuronal activity patterns change continuously over days and weeks, a phenomenon known as representational drift. Despite this, the geometric structure of population representations, namely the pairwise similarities between stimulus-evoked activity patterns, remains remarkably stable. How can ongoing changes in activity be consistent with stable representational similarity? We show that this is a generic consequence of random connectivity: in networks with random connectivity, output similarity is a monotonically increasing function of input similarity, independent of the specific connectivity pattern. Drift, whether driven by random synaptic turnover or Hebbian plasticity, merely transitions the network between random instantiations, leaving similarity intact. This extends to recurrent architectures and to deep neural networks, where continued training beyond performance saturation produces activity drift while preserving representational similarity. Although connectivity in the brain is not random, networks trained on high-dimensional inputs acquire connectivity that behaves statistically like a random projection, making these results broadly applicable to biological neural circuits. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, PCI2023-145967-2, PID2021-124702OB-I00 Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) – Severo Ochoa and María de Maeztu Program for Centers and Units of Excellence in R&D, CEX2020-001084-M German Research Foundation (DFG), FOR 5368 ARENA

Mathematical texts from a Maya site in Guatemala identify an astronomer called Sak Tahn Waax.

Spiking neurons underlie the brain’s extreme energy efficiency, and therefore have great potential in neuromorphic computing, although realising this efficiency in practice has proven challenging. We ...

Birds use a variety of navigational strategies, including the geomagnetic field, especially when other cues are not available, such as under overcast or nocturnal conditions. Magnetite particles in th...

These models can partly generalize across species, brain regions and tasks, suggesting that a set of machine-learnable rules govern neural population activity. But will we be able to understand them?

Physicists have succeeded for the first time in transporting the most expensive and most volatile substance on Earth — antimatter.

An exciting aspect of neuroscience is developing and testing hypotheses via experimentation. However, due to logistical and financial hurdles, the experiment and discovery component of neuroscience is...

The dorsal horn of the mammalian spinal cord is organized into laminae where each layer is populated by different neuron types, has distinctive circuit connections, and plays specialized roles in beha...