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John Rubinstein

@johnrubinstein.bsky.social
2.3K followers 558 following 257 posts

CryoEM, Bioenergetics, V-ATPases, and OxPhos - increasingly in TB drug discovery. Scientist, The Hospital for Sick Children Professor, U of Toronto 👨‍👩‍👧🔬🚲 rubinsteinlab.org COI: structura.bio

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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
Photo of a whiteboard covered in drawings celebrating Yingke's PhD
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
A new PhD is formed. Congratulations @zestytoast.bsky.social on a spectacular defense! And thanks to Christina Stallings for serving as external examiner (and guest speaker)
Yingke opens door to be greeted by the lab after her defense
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 24/09/2026
The @structurabio.bsky.social @sickkidsto.bsky.social CryoSPARC workshop is underway!
Instructor Rich Waldo presents slides on advanced topics in cryo-EM image analysis to an attentive class.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 06/07/2026
CryoSPARC workshop in Toronto! Beyond consensus refinements: Advanced cryo-EM data processing with CryoSPARC Sept 24-25, 2026 (part of the Canadian Cryo-EM Nexus) Register here: cvent.me/dL1wem Please see details in the link or the image Alt text @structurabio.bsky.social @sickkidsto.bsky.social
Workshop announcement graphic shows a classroom scene with the CryoSPARC logo and workshop title, date, and hosting organizations (SickKids and Structura Biotechnology)

Workshop information:
As part of the Canadian Cryo-EM Nexus, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) and Structura Biotechnology are pleased to announce a two-day CryoSPARC workshop:

Beyond consensus refinements: Advanced cryo-EM data processing with CryoSPARC

at SickKids in Toronto on September 24-25, 2026.

Led by experts from Structura, this workshop offers a unique opportunity for participants who already have a sound understanding of cryo-EM and substantial CryoSPARC experience to deepen their skills and become a key resource for cryo-EM image analysis within their institutions.

There is $115 (CAD) charge to partially defray some of the costs of running the workshop, which is sponsored by SickKids and Structura. Attendees will need to bring their own laptop computer and arrange for travel and accommodation.
Please apply before July 24, 2026 using the following link:
https://cvent.me/dL1wem
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 04/07/2026
New preprint! Karin Schumacher's postdoc Nadja used our SidK approach to purify Arabidopsis V-ATPase & Mariia Khamina determined its structure. The structure shows unique plant V-ATPase features and that TLDc proteins (here OXR5) bind V-ATPase in all eukaryotes. 🌱 tinyurl.com/mw9xaszk
Overall structure of Arabidopsis V-ATPase. (A) SDS-PAGE of purified V-ATPase. (B) Composite map of Arabidopsis V-ATPase in rotational state 1. (C) Atomic model of Arabidopsis V-ATPase in rotational state 1. (D) Cross sections of the V1 and VO regions in three rotational states. (E) Conformations of subunit H in V-ATPase structures of Arabidopsis V-ATPase (top) and the citrus fruit (bottom) V-ATPase.V-ATPase from the TGN/EE interacts with the TLDc protein OXR5. (A) Composite map of Arabidopsis V-ATPase in rotational state 1 bound to OXR5 (green density). (B) AlphaFold3 model (left) and domain organisation (right) of OXR5. (C) VHA-a1-mNG is localized at the TGN/EE. OXR5-PmScarlet-I shows partial overlap with VHA-a1-mNG at the TGN/EE. Scale bar, 20 µm. Root tip elongation zone of 5-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. (D-H) Atomic model of Arabidopsis V-ATPase interactions with OXR5.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 16/05/2026
Overdue post (busy week): After seeing @zestytoast.bsky.social's structure of mycobacterial NDH-2, Ruben & Baptiste (@inserm.fr) asked if we could get a structure with one of their remarkable tricyclic-spirolactams Their study & Yingke's structure now out in ChemRxiv! chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10....
Table showing chemical structures of several of the tricyclic spirolactams synthesized in the study, including BDM91465Structure of mycobacterial NDH-2 with BDM91465 bound, and comparison to the binding mode of the 2-mercapto-quinazolinone inhibitor.Dose response curve for BDM91465 in inverted membrane vesicle assay for mycobacterial NDH-2 activity, showing nM inhibition of the enzyme.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 01/05/2026
After two days in the beautiful new SickKids Patient Support Centre, the first @sickkidsto.bsky.social @structurabio.bsky.social CryoSPARC workshop is now in the books! Outstanding teaching by Rich Waldo from Structura, and logistics by Samir Benlekbir (SickKids) and Saara Virani (Structura).
A classroom of cryo-EM scientists, their brains recently filled with the latest and greatest methods for cryo-EM image analysis.Rich explains the finer points of analyzing flexible protein structures with cryoSPARC
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 22/04/2026
I love it when I walk into the lab and it looks like a staged photo for collaborative science.
Photo of a laboratory bay full of computers. Three scientists stand around one computer on one side of the bay, while two scientists examine another computer on the other side.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 19/04/2026
Was just asked to spread the word about this position. Structural biology and Chemical Biology positions in Barcelona, one of the great cities of the world! www.irbbarcelona.org/sites/defaul...
IRB Barcelona invites applications for Group Leader positions in Chemical
Biology (one) and Structural Biology (one) as part of its strategic effort to
strengthen molecular sciences.
The successful candidates will join a highly multidisciplinary and collaborative
institute with strong expertise in cancer and metastasis, ageing and cell
reprogramming, metabolism, cell differentiation, signal transduction, and gene
expression, working at the interface of structural and computational biology,
chemistry, and biology.
IRB Barcelona is embedded in a vibrant scientific ecosystem and maintains
close collaborations with major research infrastructures such as the Barcelona
Supercomputing Center (BSC) and the ALBA Synchrotron, as well as leading
research centres, universities, and hospitals in Barcelona.

About IRB Barcelona
IRB Barcelona
(www.irbbarcelona.org)
is a multidisciplinary research
institute where scientists collaborate
to address fundamental biomedical
questions and unmet medical needs.
The Institute currently hosts more
than 500 members from around the
world across 27 research groups.
How to apply
Applications should include a CV, letter
of intent, brief (2-page) research
proposal, and the names and contact
details of at least three referees.
Applications must be submitted via
https://recruitment.irbbarcelona.org
no later than 22 May 2026, quoting
reference GL/26/01 (Chemical Biology)
or GL/26/02 (Structural Biology).
The successful candidates are expected
to join in Q4 2026 or 2027, with flexibility
depending on individual circumstances.
For Informal enquiries, please contact
the chair of the Search Committee
(Prof. Xavier Salvatella, at
xavier.salvatella@irbbarcelona.org)
and for details and updates on
the selection process please
contact the Head of People at
(irbglcall@irbbarcelona.org)
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 04/04/2026
Sad news on the passing of Prof. Andreas Engel, a pioneer in the field of cryo-EM (shared with the 3DEM community by Henning Stahlberg). Andreas' kindness, warmth, and enthusiasm for science and his colleagues will be missed.
Dear colleagues,
With deep sadness I share the news that Andreas Engel passed away last Wednesday, at the age of 82, after a courageous fight against an aggressive caner. Only half a year ago, he was out hiking in the Italian mountains with his wife Barbara, walking 160 km in a single week. 
Andreas trained as a physicist in Bern, Switzerland, before heading to John Hopkins University in Baltimore for his postdoctoral work. He then led a research group at the Biozentrum in Basel, and in 1985 took on the role of a group leader in research and development at Ilford Ltd. in Fribourg, Switzerland.
In 1987, he joined forces with his colleague Ueli Aebi to establish the Maurice E. Müller Institute at the Biozentrum of the University of Basel. Together, Ueli and Andreas served as professors for structural biology there for almost a quarter century, leaving a lasting mark on the field of structural biology as we know it today.
 
Andreas Engel was a true pioneer. He was among the first to apply atomic force microscopy (AFM) with the tip operating under water, and one of the earliest researchers to perform 3D reconstructions using scanning transmission electron microscopy, achieving remarkable high-resolution maps of porin 2D crystals by STEM. He became a leading expert in membrane protein 2D crystallization, and his group played a key role in the determination of the first aquaporin structure, in collaboration with Peter Agre and Yoshinori Fujiyoshi. 
As he approached retirement from Basel, Andreas founded the Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA) of the University of Basel, which in 2009 operated among others one of the very early Titan Krios instruments. From 2008 also held a professorship at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, followed by a position at TU Delft in the Netherlands in 2013. In 2020, he was among the founding members of CryoWrite, a company in Basel that he led as CEO until recently. 
His contributions to science, to the tools of str…Photo of Andreas Engel
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 03/04/2026
It was @courbongautier.bsky.social 's last day in the lab. He came to the lab, did some amazing science, had some fun, and leaves an accomplished scientist. And he leaves this place, and all of us here, changed for the better.
John and Gautier pose for a photoGautier in group meeting with a party hat and party noisemakerGautier loses an arm wrestle with ThamiyaA young Gautier wraps David in bubblewrap
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 02/04/2026
Bob at the Grand Hotel in Stockholm ahead of the Nobel Prize ceremony in 2017Bob giving a speech at Joachim Frank's 80th (+2) year birthday celebration in New York in 2022.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 28/03/2026
Congratulations on a great PhD defense @ianyyen.bsky.social! I've enjoyed discussing the finer points of cryo-EM with Ian, being on his advisory committee, and having him as an "honorary group member" these past 6 years.
A group photo of Ian with some of his friends from the 20th Floor Molecular Medicine. Everyone but Ian is wearing a tee shirts with a picture of Ian on it.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 17/03/2026
When it rains myco publications in pours myco publications! Now out in PNAS tinyurl.com/2a6833n4 When @zestytoast.bsky.social accidentally isolated the long-chain acyl-CoA carboxylase, we quickly realized we were looking at a fascinating machine essential for building the mycobacterial membrane...
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 17/03/2026
Out now in EMBO J ahead of World #TB day! Our friends at the TB Drug Accelerator identified EtfD as a high-priority target for fast acting treatments so @courbongautier.bsky.social jumped into action. Our EtfD assay & struct are already being used to help find new therapeutics tinyurl.com/3cb2j5k9
On the left a light blue density map shows the structure of EtfD in a model membrane in orange. On the right, a schematic shows the path of electrons from beta-oxidation going ETF (the electron transfer flavoprotein) through four iron-sulfur clusters and a heme to reduce menaquinone in the EtfD structure.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 06/03/2026
I've written a review on what I think is an extremely exciting direction in cryo-EM: Cryo-EM of endogenous membrane proteins in their native lipid bilayer Open access in Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics: doi.org/10.1017/S003...
Figure 1. Cryo-EM of abundant protein complexes in native membranes.Figure 2. Cryo-EM of membrane proteins in vesicles.Figure 3. 3D reconstruction of V-ATPase in native synaptic vesicle membranes.Figure 4. Generation of membrane vesicles for structure determination of proteins in their native lipid bilayer.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 13/02/2026
Deadline approaching to register for the @structurabio.bsky.social & @sickkidsto.bsky.social CryoSPARC workshop in Toronto! Open to all, this is a unique opportunity to learn CryoSPARC from the experts at Structura. April 30/May, 2026. For more information and to register: tinyurl.com/y42pf4wy
The Structura logo with dates for the workshop listed. The bottom reads "Hosted by SickKids and Structura Biotechnology"
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 05/02/2026
A new frontier for our lab! After many months of development by postdoc @ranaabdelaziz.bsky.social (our resident medicinal chemistry - now also an excellent structural biologist) and the staff at the SickKids Drug Discovery platform, we're conducting our first proof-of-principle inhibitor screen.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 31/01/2026
I don't think numerical resolution is the right thing to think about here. If I want to say this Lys points 'up', the map density supports the claim that it extends in that direction. (Random map/model I had open in ChimeraX, nominally 3.2 Å res'n but I don't know the local res'n)
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 30/01/2026
@structurabio.bsky.social and @sickkidsto.bsky.social CryoSPARC workshop in Toronto! April 30/May 1st 2026. Part of the Canadian Cryo-EM Nexus. Please register here: sickkids.cventevents.com/event/a0aebb...
Dear Colleagues,

As part of the Canadian Cryo-EM Nexus, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) and Structura Biotechnology are hosting a two-day CryoSPARC workshop at SickKids in Toronto on April 30 and May 1, 2026. Led by experts from Structura, this workshop offers a unique opportunity for participants with prior CryoSPARC experience to deepen their skills and become a key resource for cryo-EM image analysis within their institutions. 

Applicants should have hands-on experience with CryoSPARC, demonstrated by having processed at least two datasets, and must be committed to sharing their expertise with colleagues upon returning to their home institution.

There is no charge for participating in the workshop, which is sponsored by SickKids and Structura. Attendees will need to bring their own laptop computer and arrange for travel, accommodation, and meals. Given the limited capacity (15 students), we kindly request that interested individuals ensure that they can cover these costs before registering. 

Please register before February 20, 2026 using the following link:

https://sickkids.cventevents.com/event/a0aebb07-66e6-4cbe-b471-8009fe0c227c/summary?i=97c975e9-4bac-42b9-a1b2-95974110db9e&tm=DXVv8zGvH5uA7nqj8lEF4iifi-ukLal5QBBjdXWGD2E&locale=en-US

We look forward to welcoming you to this workshop.

Sincerely,
Samir Benlekbir and John Rubinstein (SickKids) & CryoSPARC Team (Structura)
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 09/01/2026
Congratulations to the new Doctor of Philosophy @courbongautier.bsky.social on a spectacular PhD defense following a groundbreaking PhD! Thanks to external examiner Damian Ekiert from JHU and the rest of the examining committee. Next stop, Oxford University for a postdoctoral fellowship. 🇫🇷🇨🇦🇬🇧
Gautier Courbon stands at a podium presenting the acknowledgements slide from his PhD defense talk.Post exam reception for Gautier from members of the lab.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 06/01/2026
Some of the earliest photos from the lab...
John (left) tries to get his lab to place the field emission gun on top of the column of the lab's new Tecnai F20 microscope (circa 2007). PhD student Wilson Lau (now Associate Prof, Hong Kong Polytechnic University), lab manager Stephanie Bueler (still managing the lab), and PhD student Lindsay Baker (now Associate Prof, Oxford University) make a valiant effort.The lab decides that John should try it himself...Lindsay Baker (while an undergraduate summer student), John, and Stephanie pose in front of the Hospital's moose, summer 2006.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 06/01/2026
In Jan 2006 I started my dream job: running my own research group at The Hospital for Sick Children in my home town, Toronto. Stephanie Bueler started as lab manager on Day 1. Many students, postdocs, papers, and microscopes later we're still going strong - and Stephanie is still putting up with me!
A young John Rubinstein and Stephanie Bueler on a lab skating trip at Nathan Philip Square in Toronto..A slightly older John Rubinstein and Stephanie Bueler.A chocolate cake with red writing that reads 2006, 2026, JLR, SAB
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 16/12/2025
I never get tired of this view from the lab
Dusk view of Toronto south toward Lake Ontario from The Hospital for Sick Children's PGCRL research tower (20th floor)
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 12/12/2025
The lab's entry into the annual Cell Biology + Molecular Medicine gingerbread house competition (no contribution from me). The faux Greek writing pains me, but the construction is brilliant!
A gingerbread house that looks like the Parthenon, with a sign in faux Greek writing that reads "Parthe nom nom nom". 
A sign on the side reads "Rubinstein Labz 2025 BC"
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 30/10/2025
Oops, the picture of mycolic acids (from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycolic...) in the previous skeet isn't displaying properly. Here it is again.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 30/10/2025
Thanks! Yes, lots of great work has been done on related complexes! The mycobacterial LCC is pretty weird compared to the others, though: it has one type of subunit (AccD5) for acetyl/propionyl-CoA and another (AccD4) for very long chain acyl-CoA, used to form the alpha branch of mycolic acid:
Chemical structures of mycolic acid (from wikipedia) showing different modifications of the myromycolate chain.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 30/10/2025
Interestingly, Yingke found some complexes bound to uncharacterized proteins MSMEG_0435 & 0436 (Rv0263c & 0264c in M. tuberculosis). A recent preprint from Carl Nathan shows that Rv0263c is needed for Mtb survival during transmission, suggesting it modulates mycolic acid synthesis in TB transmission
Cryo-EM map (left) and atomic model (middle and right) showing that the uncharacterized proteins MSMEG_0435 and 0436 bind the LCC complex. These proteins were identified with ModelAngelo and FoldSeek and also detected by mass spectrometry of the sample.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 30/10/2025
A structure with short- and long-chain acyl-CoAs shows how the two types of carboxyltransferase (CT) subunit distinguish acyl-CoAs: the short-chain CT subunit binds CoA but can’t accommodate a long acyl chain; the long-chain CT subunit binds long acyl chains but doesn’t interact strongly with CoA.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 30/10/2025
Adding short-chain acyl-CoA substrate (plus ATP & bicarbonate) causes biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) domains to travel between biotin carboxylase (BC) domains, which load a carboxyl group onto the BCCP biotin, and the carboxyltransferase (CT) domain, which transfers it to the acyl-CoA.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 30/10/2025
The MCC complex is well studied, but the long-chain carboxylase (LCC) complex isn’t, and is essential for making mycolic acid for the mycobacterial cell wall. The LCC complex carboxylates both long-chain and short-chain acyl-CoA. A structure with propionyl-CoA shows how it binds short-chain acyl-CoA
Assay showing that the LCC complex has propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity (left). A cryo-EM map with propionyl-CoA (middle and right) shows where the short-chain acyl-CoA binds in the AccD5 subunit.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 30/10/2025
New lab preprint! @zestytoast.bsky.social tagged a scarce mycobacterial protein in M. smegmatis with TwinStep but got… something? @kjamali.bsky.social's ModelAngelo built models & @martinsteinegger.bsky.social's FoldSeek IDed them as the biotin-containing MCC & LCC complexes 🧵 tinyurl.com/ukny4ptz
Cryo-EM maps and atomic models of the biotin-containing 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC) complex and long-chain acyl-CoA carboxylase (LCC) complex
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 15/08/2025
Whoever designed the new landscaping around King's College Circle at @utoronto.ca has done a brilliant job! All summer I've been getting off the subway early to walk down Philosopher's Walk and the new walkways on the St. George campus - a great half hour start to each day.
U of T's Philosopher's Walk, with the Royal Ontario Museum on the left and the Royal Conservatory of Music's Koerner Hall on the right.U of T St. George Campus, around Kings College Cirlce. A view of Hart House's Soldiers' Tower (centre) with part of University College (left) A view of U of T University College from King's College Circle.Benches on King's College Circle, U of T.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 12/07/2025
Returned from a wonderful symposium in honour of the 50th anniversary of Richard Henderson's and Nigel Unwin's 1975 paper on the structure of bacteriorhodopsin - the paper that started the field of membrane protein structural biology. Also fulfilled my dream of ringing the LMB seminar bell.
At Darwin College:
Richard Henderson
Jacqueline Milne
Sriram Subramanian
Nigel Unwin
David Barford
Da-neng Wang
John RubinsteinJohn ring's the LMB seminar bell to call the audience back in after a coffee break.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 24/06/2025
Very proud of my amazing wife, Dr. Voula Kanelis, awarded a King Charles III coronation medal yesterday for her contributions to Heart & Stroke Canada (❤️ / ).
Voula Kanelis
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 22/06/2025
My brother, Dan Rubinstein's, latest book is out. Can't wait to dive in!
Cover of Water Borne, a 1,200-mile paddleboarding pilgrimage, by Dan Rubinstein. Cover photo shows a Dan on his paddleboard on open water, with dry bags tied at the bow and stern.

Available at all good bookstores now!
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 07/06/2025
Great to hear about this event. Derek was an awesome guy and one-of-a-kind. He made the world a better place. Derek was a pioneer in cryo-EM. I first met him at the EMBO Workshop in 2000 when he was teaching people how to freeze grids.
Derek Mills and John Rubinstein. Switzerland, 2017Derek Mills and Richard Henderson as devils.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 31/05/2025
Wow. Amazing retirement symposium for the legendary Sergio Grinstein. Staggering expanses of biology revealed. But the heartfelt stories of generosity, support, and careers launched and sustained really got to me. I spent the entire day verklempt Brilliantly organized by @spencerfreeman.bsky.social
Post symposium comments by an overwhelmed Sergio, with an equally drained Spencer Freeman standing by his side.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 16/05/2025
We developed an EtfD assay! By mixing mycobacterial inverted membrane vesicles (containing the electron transport chain) with purified proteins for fatty acid oxidation and e- transfer, we can detect when EtfD drives the ETC. This assay will allow for detection and development of EtfD inhibitors.
A) Schematic of the EtfD (+FadE5 and ETF) activity assay. The substrate butyryl-CoA is oxidized by FadE5, which transfers electrons to ETF, which then transfers electrons to EtfD. EtfD reduces menaquinone in the membranes of inverted membrane vesicles (IMVs) to menaquinol, which drives ETC activity. This ETC activity is detected by fluorescence quenching of the fluorophore ACMA, while nigericin allows subsequent  fluorescence recovery.
B) Butyryl-Co-A does not drive proton pumping in wildtype IMVs until purified ETF (which is contaminated with or a bit of FadE5) or FadE5 (which is contaminated with a bit of ETF) is added. Adding both ETF and FadE5 leads to robust proton pumping.
C) IMVs from ∆etfD do not exhibit butyryl-CoA-driven proton, but rescue of ∆etfD with a plasmid encoding M. tuberculosis EtfD restores this activity
D) Control experiment showing that all of the IMVs are capable of succinate-driven proton pumping, as expected.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 16/05/2025
One of the iron-sulfur clusters (D1) is a linear [3Fe-4S] cluster that has been synthesized chemically and detected spectroscopically but has not been seen before in the structure of a protein under physiological conditions
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 16/05/2025
The structure of EtfD reveals a wire of iron-sulfur clusters and a b heme that link the electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) in the cytosol to a menaquinone binding site in the membrane. Two of the iron-sulfur clusters are pretty weird...
A) Cryo-EM map and atomic model for EtfD
B) Schematic of domain architecture of EtfD
C) Cartoon showing the wire of four iron-sulfur clusters (D1-D4) and heme b linking the input of electrons from ETF to the menaquinone-reducing site in the membrane
D) Experimental density for D1-D4, heme b, and the menaquinone site
D1 is linear [3Fe-4S] cluster that has been synthesized and detected spectroscopically not been seen before in the structure of a protein under physiological conditions (!!!).
D2 is a non-cubane [4Fe-4S] cluster
D3 and D4 are cubane [4Fe-4S] clusters
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 16/05/2025
EtfD links beta oxidation to OxPhos in mycobacteria - recent work suggests that targeting EtfD could shorten #tubeculosis treatment. But how does EtfD work? And how can you assay its activity? In his final PhD manuscript @courbongautier.bsky.social provides answers! www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
A) Diagram showing how EtfD transfers electrons from beta oxidation to the menaquinol pool in the membrane, linking beta oxidation to oxidative phosphorylation in mycobacteria.
B) A growth curve showing the Mycobacterium smegmatis lacking EtfD can grow when glucose is provided as the carbon source, but has a slight growth delay. Complementing the ∆etfD strain with M. tuberculosis on a plasmid rescues the defect.
C) A growth curve showing that ∆etfD M. smegmatis cannot grow on medium where the fatty acid oleic acid is the only carbon source. A plasmid with with M. tuberculosis EtfD rescues the defect.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 10/05/2025
Trillium season in Ontario!
A great white trillium flower
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 10/05/2025
I love how scientific ideas and techniques spread from mind to mind and place to place. Spotted this week in Cleveland, Ohio:
An old-school, custom-made, cryo-EM grid freezing device.A sticker on the cryoplunge grid freezing device saying it belongs to Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Baumeister of the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Martinsreid. Dated May, 2004.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 13/03/2025
Hey University of Saskatchewan colleagues: I'm looking forward to giving a lecture there on Thur Mar 27th. Membrane protein structural biology, mycobacterial bioenergetics, and TB drug discovery. Come say 'Hi'
University of Saskatchewan logo
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 27/02/2025
My own institution doesn't do too badly in the Specialized/Pediatric category (no surprise, knowing my clinical colleagues)...
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 27/02/2025
Newsweek ranks Toronto's University Health Network (UHN) as 3rd best hospital in world and #1 Public hospital in the world. The two hospitals above it are private businesses. Is this the poor healthcare Donald Trump wants to save Canadian's from? www.newsweek.com/rankings/wor...
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 22/02/2025
🚨 Amazing Opportunity 🚨 U Alberta is looking for a director for their new #cryoEM facility Support excellent researchers (who are really nice people) using state-of-the-art infrastructure. + reasonable cost of living + near some of most beautiful places in world + 🇨🇦 apps.ualberta.ca/careers/post...
Public domain photo of Banff national park in Alberta, Canada.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 21/02/2025
After a long and productive career at The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Prof. Charlie Deber has retired. Saw this in his lab space 🥲
Whiteboard cartoon of Dr. Charlie Deber with the message "Thank you for everything !". Artist unknown.
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John Rubinstein @johnrubinstein.bsky.social · 19/02/2025
We propose a revised integrated model of the mycobacterial electron transport chain and central carbon metabolism (Krebs), with the Krebs cycle tethered to the membrane in multiple places, and preferentially directing electrons to the CIII2CIV2 terminal oxidase and not the cyt. bd terminal oxidase.
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