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The gastrointestinal tract harbors a dense microbial community that plays a central role in shaping mucosal immunity (1–3). Intestinal epithelial and immune cells continuously sample microbial components, maintaining a dynamic balance between tolerance to commensal organisms and protective responses against pathogens (4, 5). Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) mediate this balance through the detection of conserved microbial structures and initiate innate immune signaling (6–8).

Systematic alteration of bacterial gene expression enables identification of genes relevant to diverse fields of study and practical applications. Although many targeted, genome-scale genetic tools ex...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa drives harmful immune responses in cystic fibrosis by reprogramming protective Th17 cells into pathogenic populations that damage lung tissue and sustain chronic inflammation.

Antimicrobial resistance is often inferred from resistance genes and susceptibility phenotypes measured under standardized conditions. We argue that for many resistance genes, resistance is better vie...

Plasmids in bacteria and extrachromosomal DNA in cancer both generate copy-number variation, alter gene expression and promote rapid adaptation. In this Perspective, Shaw and Henssen explore their sha...

In this Perspective, Haubrock et al. argue that today’s scientific structures constrain creativity and that strategic conformity is a rational response. They discuss how this holds back early-career r...

The Togo-sponsored resolution was backed by 164 nations - the US the only nation to vote against it.

Sulbactam–durlobactam is the first-line agent against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Resistance can be conferred by metallo-β-lactamases alone or penicillin-binding protein 3 alteration...

Dolly Parton’s death Tuesday marked the loss of not only an American country music legend, but, also, a major philanthropist.

In a process known as phenotypic heterogeneity or phenotypic variation, bacteria can produce distinct phenotypes within an isogenic population in response to shifting environmental conditions. Noise i...

Toxicity of excess glutamate may contribute to cognitive fatigue, but some experts are skeptical

Researchers found that some bacteria share proteins that help others survive antibiotics.

A new jab extended the length of time patients were cancer free, but it is unclear for how long.

In this Review, Heaver and Ley overview the different lipid structures present in commensal and pathogenic bacteria and their recognition by Toll-like receptor 2, Toll-like receptor 4 and CD1 molecule...

Spratt et al. evaluate the transcriptional regulation of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) at the single-cell level, revealing temporally tunable phenotypic heterogeneity that allows for proba...

The pathogen, which reduces milk production, is the latest midge-transmitted virus affecting ruminants to reach the continent

Measles has continued its historic resurgence in the United States this year, with a second record-breaking year in a row.

SEC filings show Taco Bell—and other restaurants—knew cyclospora posed a risk to their businesses and the public.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly important role in drug target identification and assessment, based on its proficiency in analysing large datasets and biological networks. This ...

The new pills can lower cholesterol levels far below what can be achieved with statins, clinical trials have shown.

Insider accounts reveal the scale of the health secretary's ambitions to curb childhood immunizations and unearth a link between vaccines and autism.

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In this study, Zhou, Teng, Geng and colleagues report that warming and changes in precipitation patterns were associated with increased abundance of Salmonella antimicrobial resistance genes.

A bacterial self-destruct mechanism has been repurposed as a potential therapy, selectively eliminating diseased cells — including tumour cells in mouse models of cancer.

The number of cases in Michigan’s cyclosporiasis outbreak has risen by more than 300.

The live-attenuated vaccine showed high levels of protection against one of the leading causes of diarrhea worldwide.

Cell-to-cell cooperation through membrane vesicles enhances antibiotic persistence

If there's a way to spoil it, the FIFA Peace Prize winner will find it.