With the Cubs celebrating their 150th anniversary as a National League franchise this weekend, it’s a great time to take a look back at the rich history of the team. We could easily give you 150 fun f...

Importance  Biologic agents are commonly used with conventional immunosuppressants for treatment of immune-mediated dermatologic diseases, raising concerns about tuberculosis (TB) risk, particularly in high-burden geographic regions. Previous studies have shown inconsistent results across biologic classes, with most focusing on active TB and limited data on latent TB infection (LTBI) conversion.Objectives  To evaluate the incidence of active TB and LTBI conversion in dermatologic patients receiving systemic therapy and to explore differences by biologic class and regional TB burden.Data Sources  PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to October 1, 2025. Controlled vocabulary and free-text terms were used for dermatologic diseases, systemic therapies, and tuberculosis-related outcomes. Clinical trial registries and reference lists were also screened.Study Selection  Randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies reporting active TB or LTBI conversion in dermatologic patients receiving systemic therapy were included. Two reviewers independently screened records and performed full-text assessment.Data Extraction and Synthesis  Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment (Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool) were conducted independently by 2 reviewers following PRISMA guidelines. Single-arm incidence rates were pooled using random-effects models with logit transformation. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted by biologic class and regional TB burden.Main Outcomes and Measures  Primary outcomes were incidence of LTBI conversion (among patients with negative baseline results of tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay) and active TB during follow-up.Results  Of 4726 records identified, 31 studies comprising a total of 15 005 patients met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The pooled incidence of LTBI conversion was 4.3%, highest with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, followed by interleukin (IL)-17 and ustekinumab (IL-12/23 p40 inhibitor). The overall incidence of active TB was 1.0% and it was more frequent in high-burden regions.Conclusions and Relevance  In this systematic review and meta-analysis, TB-related risk varied by biologic mechanism and epidemiologic context. Risk assessment and monitoring should integrate dermatologic treatment class and regional TB burden to guide clinical decision-making.

View abstract Objectives:To analyze state healthcare-associated infection (HAI) laws and examine the transition from state-driven surveillance to regulatory frameworks substantially shaped by federal policy.Methods:We conducted a systematic public health law review of statutes, administrative regulations, and policies governing HAI surveillance across 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia as of March 1, 2024. We analyzed the HAI surveillance framework in each jurisdiction to assess the federal influence. To supplement the legal review and clarify state-specific reporting requirements, we administered a survey to state HAI program coordinators.Results:As of March 2024, 38 jurisdictions (74.5%) mandate HAI reporting. Early laws were primarily state-driven, while later enactments increasingly incorporated federal standards. Among jurisdictions with HAI reporting laws, 23 (60.5%) reference or incorporate Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) mandates into the state law, enabling sharing of federally reported data. Overall, 41 states (80.4%) modified reporting requirements in response to CMS mandates; nearly all jurisdictions with HAI reporting laws (97.4%) adopt other forms of federal policies.Conclusions:The majority of states have adopted HAI legislation, with state-level reporting laws and policies demonstrating continuous development from 2002 to 2024. Early HAI surveillance efforts, while guided by emerging federal government influences, were primarily based on state policy. However, since 2009, new state laws and policies have increasingly adopted federal policies. Over time, state reliance on federal standards has created a policy shift: state HAI reporting frameworks have expanded and adapted to federal policy, creating a legal environment marked by growing federal-state integration.

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In this large, multicenter study, patients who received cefazolin had a lower risk of mortality and similar odds of recurrent infections compared with nafcillin or oxacillin for MSSA infections compli...

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