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Charles Brenner, PhD

@charlesmbrenner.bsky.social
1.4K followers 377 following 76 posts

NAD metabolism truth in science

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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 11/01/2026
I don't know any expert people in the NAD field who are convinced that P7C3 compounds are NAMPT activators
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 25/12/2025
happy to announce that i have post-doc openings for mid-2016 to advance this science please read our work, think about the most exciting questions & approaches, & be in touch for an interview note that there are now human data in support of our model www.medrxiv.org/content/10.6...
medrxiv.org
Elevated FGF21 and triglycerides in SLC25A13 carriers support the G3P-ChREBP Citrin Deficiency disease hypothesis
People with Citrin Deficiency (CD), inactivated for both copies of SLC25A13 , have lean metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and an aversion to sweets. The mouse model of C...
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
Nature Metabolism @natmetabolism.nature.com · 18/12/2025
RESEARCH | @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social et al @cityofhope.bsky.social In citrin deficiency, accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate leads to ChREBP activation and FGF21 induction🧪
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Glycerol-3-phosphate activates ChREBP, FGF21 transcription and lipogenesis in citrin deficiency - Nature Metabolism
In a mouse model of the rare disease citrin deficiency, the authors discovered that the accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate leads to ChREBP activation and FGF21 induction. The study identifies glycerol-3-phosphate as a ChREBP-activating ligand, which could resolve paradoxes of FGF21 expression and clarify the logic of lipogenic transcription.
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
Nature Metabolism @natmetabolism.nature.com · 14/11/2025
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Glycerol-3-phosphate activates ChREBP, FGF21 transcription and lipogenesis in citrin deficiency
Nature Metabolism, Published online: 14 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s42255-025-01399-3In a mouse model of the rare disease citrin deficiency, the authors discovered that the accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate leads to ChREBP activation and FGF21 induction. The study identifies glycerol-3-phosphate as a ChREBP-activating ligand, which could resolve paradoxes of FGF21 expression and clarify the logic of lipogenic transcription.
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 16/11/2025
we also see an integrated stress response in the mouse model of this dz, which looks to exascerbate urea cycle function, & GWAS signal suggesting that SLC25A13 carriers have elevated FGF21 tx to all authors, funding agencies, Dr. Saheki & @citrinfdn for inspiration & support🙏
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 16/11/2025
our diagrams create a framework for solving the paradoxes of FGF21 (eg both ketogenic diet & simple carbs turn it on)... converging on G3P-ChREBP as the activator
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 16/11/2025
same system depresses expression & activity of CPT1A, which explains why MCT can be burned but the TGs in their livers & dietary TGs aren't burned
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 16/11/2025
i hypothesized that their livers are under a stress in which they make FGF21 bc this would account for the sweet aversion in this paper we discovered that G3P turns on ChREBP not only to turn on FGF21 but to create the fatty liver
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 16/11/2025
they have fatty liver despite being overall lean, they can have outbreaks of urea cycle toxicity, they are predisposed to liver cancer & they don't like sweets
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 16/11/2025
CD is a rare dz that disrupts SLC25A13 gene. in 1st month of life, pts present w liver problems: retaining bile, exporting lactate & not running urea cycle after genetic diagnosis, their diet is modified to low carb, low protein, high MCT oil & they can grow to adulthood but...
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 16/11/2025
our work on citrin deficiency (CD) revealed G3P as the ChREBP activator, created a framework to explain FGF21 induction in a wide variety of conditions, accounts for the beneficial effect of MCTs in CD, why urea cycle dysfunction is so severe in CD and more
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 16/11/2025
thank you, Christian thanks to @russgoodman.bsky.social @markhermanmd.bsky.social @cnspracklen.bsky.social Vinod Tiwari, Olivia Sun and Edwin Lopez Gonzalez from my lab, Byungchang Jin in Russ's lab, Hardik Shah and others
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 18/08/2025
heading to helsinki to join @keisakamoto.bsky.social @awartiovaara.bsky.social and others at tuesday's SWAN meeting: healthy aging, mitochondrial disease, MASLD, rare disease and more!
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 28/06/2025
pretty astonishing
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
Kaladin Bendito de la Tormenta @celeshernan.eurosky.social · 13/02/2025
@charlesmbrenner.bsky.social nice podcast with Drs Nadolsky
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 30/01/2025
happy to say i got a completely routine email today requesting that i ad hoc on an april 2 study section
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 30/01/2025
thank you, Paul IMO the mystery is why more folks don't call BS when it is so plain to see and why editors continue to review papers from groups that are obfuscatory
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
Logan F. Cheng @ringo8pie.bsky.social · 03/01/2025
The doi segment of the first link in the thread's url was cutoff; here's the link in its entirety: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
biorxiv.org
Glycerol-3-phosphate activates ChREBP, FGF21 transcription and lipogenesis in Citrin Deficiency
Citrin Deficiency (CD) is caused by inactivation of SLC25A13, a mitochondrial membrane protein required to move electrons from cytosolic NADH to the mitochondrial matrix in hepatocytes. People with CD...
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
Logan F. Cheng @ringo8pie.bsky.social · 03/01/2025
The doi segment of the first link in the thread's url was cutoff; here's the link in its entirety: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
biorxiv.org
Glycerol-3-phosphate activates ChREBP, FGF21 transcription and lipogenesis in Citrin Deficiency
Citrin Deficiency (CD) is caused by inactivation of SLC25A13, a mitochondrial membrane protein required to move electrons from cytosolic NADH to the mitochondrial matrix in hepatocytes. People with CD...
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 01/01/2025
jackson state really brings it
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
Stirling Churchman @stirlingchurchman.bsky.social · 31/12/2024
I’m celebrating tonight with my father in law, Jack Strominger, who is about to enjoy his 100th New Years! He wants to know whether any other scientist has published in their 100th year. He’s proud to have a paper in the works. I told him you all would know! Please RT
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
Tal Lavin @swordsjew.bsky.social · 01/01/2025
happy newyearsnukkah 🕎
a crude wooden menorah lit with 7 candles!
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 01/01/2025
may it be so again!
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
Benoit Bruneau @benoitbruneau.bsky.social · 01/01/2025
for some reason down a rabbit hole of mid-80s-mid 2000s discoveries (Leptin, Orexin, Growth Hormone production, cold receptor, p21 KO mouse, human iPSCs, etc) and realizing that they were all accepted less than two week after submission. Orexin in 4 days! Those were the days....
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
Laura Howes @laurahowes.bsky.social · 31/12/2024
Just to add to the sad news on #chemsky right now: I've now had it confirmed to me that Martin Karplus died on Saturday.
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
samuel mehr @mehr.nz · 30/12/2024
I convert tax dollars to pdfs
white text on black "Poorly explain what you do for a job."
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
Russell Goodman @russgoodman.bsky.social · 28/12/2024
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1... Excited that we could be part of this collaboration with the Brenner lab identifying that G3P is the metabolite that ChREBP directly senses!
biorxiv.org
Glycerol-3-phosphate activates ChREBP, FGF21 transcription and lipogenesis in Citrin Deficiency
Citrin Deficiency (CD) is caused by inactivation of SLC25A13, a mitochondrial membrane protein required to move electrons from cytosolic NADH to the mitochondrial matrix in hepatocytes. People with CD...
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
bioRxivpreprint @biorxivpreprint.bsky.social · 28/12/2024
Glycerol-3-phosphate activates ChREBP, FGF21 transcription and lipogenesis in Citrin Deficiency www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/202…
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
Anupam Patgiri @apatgiri.bsky.social · 28/12/2024
Glycerol-3-phosphate activates ChREBP, FGF21 transcription and lipogenesis in Citrin Deficiency www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
biorxiv.org
Glycerol-3-phosphate activates ChREBP, FGF21 transcription and lipogenesis in Citrin Deficiency
Citrin Deficiency (CD) is caused by inactivation of SLC25A13, a mitochondrial membrane protein required to move electrons from cytosolic NADH to the mitochondrial matrix in hepatocytes. People with CD...
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
all..... i will fix the post with working links soon as i can
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Reposted by Charles Brenner, PhD
jfitzwater00.bsky.social @jfitzwater00.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
Congrats on the new work, Charles! 🎉 Excited to dive into your findings on ChREBP and FGF21. Your research always brings fresh insights to the table! Keep up the amazing work! #ResearchInnovation #Biochemistry
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
here's the preprint www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
biorxiv.org
Glycerol-3-phosphate activates ChREBP, FGF21 transcription and lipogenesis in Citrin Deficiency
Citrin Deficiency (CD) is caused by inactivation of SLC25A13, a mitochondrial membrane protein required to move electrons from cytosolic NADH to the mitochondrial matrix in hepatocytes. People with CD...
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
thanks to all of our collaborators, funders and shared resources 🙏
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
the amount we learn from rare diseases is almost always disproportionately large here we started with observations of why NADH shuttle disruption causes lean MASLD & causes sweet aversion & we solve a whole bunch of interesting problems you'll see a lot more from our group soon
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
finally, we realized that if G3P accumulation turns on FGF21 transcription, we could use this info to make lipidated G3P-releasing prodrugs targeted to release G3P in hepatocytes, potentially with fenofibrate to get the lipid mobilizing effects of PPARalpha agonism
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
@cnspracklen.bsky.social did a nice set of GWAS scans to see what stands out in SLC25A13 carriers in short, there are multiple signs of elevated FGF21 in this population looks as though its not very deleterious to be a carrier though there could be gene-environment interactions that are hazardous
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
SLC3A2 is induced, which causes hepatocytes to take up more aa ASNS is induced, which converts the little Asp available to Asn CTH is induced, which produces ammonia all potentially aggravating a urea cycle deficiency & suggesting that the ISR could be a drug target in CD
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
with deletion of NADH shuttle genes, we saw increased Atf5, a key transcription factor of the ISR, & 4 genes that are not only ISR genes but likely trouble for ppl with CD & a compromised urea cycle FGF21 is induced, which tells the brain to eat more protein
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
another chestnut in the RNAseq is clear signs of an integrated stress response (ISR) SLC25A13 is required for hepatocytes to have Asp in cytosol. Asp-less cytosol would be expected to induce an ISR via noncharged tRNA Asp turning on Gcn2
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
this suggests to us that activators of CPT1A or AMPK (upstream of CPT1A) could help ppl w CD & potentially others w lean MASLD resolve their fatty liver we're testing this in mice
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
this explains clinical observation of CD: MCTs are better than long chain TGs for these pts our data show that CPT1A is depressed at the mRNA level & is almost certainly inhibited by Mal-coA thus, even though CD pts have low hepatic ATP & stored TGs, they don't burn that fat
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
what we realized is that by virtue of increasing expression of ACACA, the G3P-ChREBP system is directing synthesis of Mal-coA, which is not only the key substrate of FASN but also the key inhibitor of CPT1A, thereby blocking long chain fatty acid entry to mitochondria
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
liver RNAseq in the CD model is fascinating the G3P-ChREBP program turns on key genes for de novo lipogenesis including PKLR, ACLY, ACACA, FASN (directing synthesis of the fatty acids that will be linked to G3P & the enzymes like AGPAT2 that link them to G3P)
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
Vinod Tiwari in my group made a new ChREBP construct no one has made before (aa 43-307), chosen from a careful alignment w MondoA he purified it & did ITC with it our data show that GSM is a specific G3P-binding domain w a Kd of 17 microM
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
they were able to show that the only metabolite that correlates w ChREBP activity is G3P. G6P & other molecules previously considered as potential ChREBP activators were uncorrelated they further showed that the site of metabolite regulation is the N-terminal domain
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
we teamed up! Byungchang Jin used their HEK293T system to reconstitute ChREBP-Mlx-dependent transcription of ChoRE-luciferase constructs by expressing GAPDH, GK & GPD1, they could alter levels of candidate ChREBP-activating metabolites & look at correlation w transcription
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
@russgoodman.bsky.social & i were aware of each other's work as i reviewed his beautiful papers establishing hepatic reductive stress as a driver of metabolic conditions his group showed that ChREBP is the transcription factor that responds to high NADH/NAD+ ratio www.cell.com/cell-metabol...
cell.com
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
what about G3P? is it up when we delete NADH shuttle systems? and are hexose phosphates or pentose phosphates elevated consistent with other ideas of what turns on ChREBP? by quantitative metabolomics, G3P doubles to almost 2 mM in liver. no change in hexose-Ps or pentose-Ps
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Charles Brenner, PhD @charlesmbrenner.bsky.social · 29/12/2024
then we looked for induction of the ChREBP transcriptional program with deletion of 1 or both shuttle systems & addition of glycerol the ChREBP program is turned on by deletion of NADH shuttle systems & glycerol
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