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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 06/09/2026

For the next few days, until further notice, @hurricanecity.com will provide Atlantic, East Pacific and Central Pacific model and recon data, including for Lowell. Models: hurricanecity.com/models/ Recon: hurricanecity.com/recon/recon.... None of our site will be available during that time.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 01/09/2026

On 8/31 an organization was accessing files several times every second before being banned. You will sometimes see Cloudflare interstitial before accessing our site. Even normal usage may be blocked for 10s if too many requests over 10s period. Be responsible using automated systems to use our site.

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Brian McNoldy @bmcnoldy.bsky.social · 17/06/2026

This is now my 31st year writing these updates on tropical Atlantic activity. I have written approximately 1470 posts spanning 488 tropical cyclones including 228 hurricanes, 107 major hurricanes, and 57 retired storm names... 1996-2026 seems like a good milestone to wrap it up.

bmcnoldy.blogspot.com

First named storm of the season could be brewing in the Gulf of Mexico

Updates and summaries on tropical Atlantic activity... including easterly waves, tropical storms, subtropical storms, and hurricanes.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 04/03/2026

I created a song for @hurricanecity.com's Hurricane Radio. (hurricanecity.com/radio.htm) Lyrics were written by me, a human, but otherwise everything else is done by artificial intelligence at Suno. Only non-commercial use allowed due to license restrictions at Suno. (but lyrics are public domain)

youtube.com

Every Year (AI Song)

YouTube video by TropicalAtlantic

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 18/02/2026

Why we live at the coast. Though if you're thinking about it, you might want to change your mind, hurricanes are nuisance! You can't really see them, but there's at least 5 manatees. My camera battery died while starting to take video, but I had just enough to turn back on and snap a few pictures.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 18/12/2025

Current administration's destruction of NCAR will be an unmitigated disaster that will kill lots of people. When they destroy something that saves lives, that's what they're doing. They won't move important parts somewhere else. Entire point is destruction & mayhem like every other action they take.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 01/11/2025

The Air Force & NOAA hurricane hunters conducted 33 missions into, and around, #Melissa. Additional information appears in the alternate text for the images.

As what is left of post-tropical cyclone Melissa moves rapidly off into the northern Atlantic east of Canada, we look back at the missions into Melissa as a tropical cyclone. The Air Force and NOAA hurricane hunters conducted 33 missions into, and around, Melissa. They surveyed the storm from the time it was a tropical storm and throughout its rapid intensification into one of the most intense tropical cyclones ever recorded. Its turbulence was so intense at times that multiple aircraft had to return early for safety to be inspected after passing through its intense eyewall. Melissa made landfall at its peak intensity in New Hope, Jamaica with sustained winds of 185 mph and a pressure of 892 millibars. By both metrics Melissa tied, in both sustained wind speed and lowest mean sea level pressure, as the most intense tropical cyclone to ever make landfall on record in the Atlantic. (tying the landfalling wind speed of Hurricane Dorian in 2019 in the Bahamas and tying the landfalling pressure of the Labor Day hurricane in 1935 in the Florida Keys) The hurricane hunters continued their missions into the storm as long as it remained a threat to land as a tropical cyclone. The storm also had impacts in Hispaniola, Cuba, the Bahamas and Bermuda before becoming extratropical and passing east of Newfoundland in Canada. (impacted areas include areas where it did not make landfall)

(A description of what appears in the map appears in the alternate text for image two.)

Map showing the missions by the Air Force and NOAA hurricane hunters into, and around, Melissa. White circle icons represent either the mean sea level pressure in millibars recorded by a dropsonde released from the plane or the estimated MSLP if that data was not available. This data comes from a vortex data message. In cases where the wind was not calm enough at the center, the actual pressure may be estimated to be lower and that pressure is not reflected on the icon.

Wind barbs represent the wind speed and direction from the 30 second flight level wind that is usually reported every 30 seconds in a high density observation. (HDOB message)

A dropsonde icon, pictured as a slender tube, is what is used to measure pressure, temperature and dew point as it falls from the aircraft. A dropsonde is released from the aircraft by a tube.

The Air Force used multiple Lockheed WC-130J Hercules aircraft while NOAA used a Lockheed WP-3D Orion to survey the storm and penetrate its eye. NOAA also used a Gulfstream IV-SP to sample around the storm.

Screenshot from Google Earth.
Blue Marble image background from NASA GIBS.
World coastlines from Natural Earth.

(A description of the historic storm appears in the alternate text for image one.)

A closeup of hurricane hunter mission data from around Jamaica showing its rapid intensification as noted by the vortex icons described in the alternate text for image two.

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Kim Wood @drkimwood.bsky.social · 29/10/2025

I deeply respect the work that's been invested into exploring our approaches to tracking high-end tropical cyclones, but I can't in good conscience remain silent regarding the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS) and discussion around a so-called category 6. 🧵 [1/5]

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Dr. Jeff Masters @drjeffmasters.bsky.social · 28/10/2025

Not since 1935 has anyone experienced a storm like Melissa. Melissa's record wouldn't have happened without climate change, which made the hurricane's winds about 10 mph stronger, according to a rapid attribution analysis by Climate Central. yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/10/cata...

yaleclimateconnections.org

Catastrophic Hurricane Melissa hits Jamaica as the strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricane on record » Yale Climate Connections

At landfall in western Jamaica, Melissa’s 185 mph winds and 892 mb pressure tied with the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 in the Florida Keys as the strongest on record for the Atlantic.

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World Central Kitchen @wck.org · 27/10/2025

WCK is in Jamaica ahead of Category 5 Hurricane Melissa’s landfall. The storm is expected to bring destructive winds, torrential rain & widespread flooding. We’re working with local partners to serve meals as quickly as possible. Read more: wck.org/news/hurricane-melissa #ChefsForJamaica

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Kim Wood @drkimwood.bsky.social · 28/10/2025

One factor that supported Melissa reaching this record: an Argo float southeast of Jamaica shows a dramatic decrease in upper-level ocean temperature before (18 Oct) and after (28 Oct) the storm. My heart goes out to the folks in Jamaica facing this powerful hurricane's numerous hazards today. 💔

Plot of vertical temperature profiles measured by one Argo float from October 18 (solid black line, dot on map) and October 28 (dashed black line, star on map) in the top 120 meters of the ocean near Hurricane Melissa's track segment from October 27. That track segment is represented by the short dashed purple line on the inset map, and it's short due to Melissa's slow forward speed on that date.

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Yale Climate Connections @climateconnections.bsky.social · 28/10/2025

A climate justice disaster is underway in Jamaica as Hurricane Melissa moves over the island.

Powered by abnormally warm waters, Melissa is one of the strongest storms on record. A graphic by Climate Central shows that Hurricane Melissa strengthened over warm water temperatures made at least 800 times more likely by climate change.

Like many in frontline communities, Jamaicans produce a very small amount of the pollution that is changing our climate. The U.S. emitted 17.34 t CO2eq per capita in 2024. Jamaica emitted 3.22 t CO2eq per capita.

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cira-csu.bsky.social @cira-csu.bsky.social · 28/10/2025

Major Hurricane Melissa makes a historic landfall near New Hope, Jamaica.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 28/10/2025

1:00pm EDT on Oct 28, 2025: #Melissa has made landfall near New Hope, Jamaica with 185mph wind & pressure of 892mb. For wind, ties for strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricane matching Labor Day hurricane in 1935 in Florida Keys & Dorian in 2019 in Bahamas. For pressure, ties for Labor Day hurricane

Satellite image of Hurricane Melissa at landfall in Jamaica from: https://rammb-slider.cira.colostate.edu/

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 28/10/2025

At 11:15 am EDT, Air Force hurricane hunters posted about returning to Curacao "after encountering heavy turbulence today while entering the eye of Hurricane Melissa". "During the event, the aircraft briefly experienced forces stronger than normal due to turbulence" www.facebook.com/hurricanehun...

"A 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron crew (call sign TEAL 75), known as the Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunters, is returning to it's forward operating location in Curaçao after encountering heavy turbulence today while entering the eye of Hurricane Melissa, a Category 5 storm.
During the event, the aircraft briefly experienced forces stronger than normal due to turbulence. While this does not automatically indicate damage, standard safety procedures require an inspection before returning to operations.
The 53rd WRS is an Air Force Reserve unit assigned to the 403rd Wing, Keesler Air Force Base, Miss."

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 28/10/2025

A catastrophic, historical event is about to unfold in Jamaica. Hurricane warnings are also in effect for parts of eastern Cuba and parts of the Bahamas which will also experience the impact of #Melissa.

Air Force mission through 9:37am EDT.
NOAA mission through 9:33am EDT.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 28/10/2025

9:05am EDT Monday on #Melissa: Air Force dropsonde has measured a pressure of 893 millibars. (with 13 knots of surface wind this may indicate a pressure of around 892 millibars) If 893mb, it makes it 4th strongest ever recoded in the Atlantic in terms of pressure. If 892mb, it makes it tied for 3rd.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 28/10/2025

9am EDT Tuesday update from NHC on #Melissa: "An Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunter aircraft has found that Melissa is strengthening with maximum sustained winds of 180 mph (290 km/h). Estimated minimum central pressure based on aircraft data has fallen to 896 mb (26.47 inches)." www.nhc.noaa.gov

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 28/10/2025

Air Force hurricane hunters departed at 6:12am EDT from Curacao for #Melissa.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 27/10/2025

In regard to high SFMR readings with the current Air Force mission, please see this post from @franklinjamesl.bsky.social. SFMR readings are estimated. Recon does indicate that Melissa is further strengthening and some of the most recent flight level wind data was not available for the 2am advisory.

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Bob Henson @bhensonweather.bsky.social · 26/10/2025

If current forecasts hold, Melissa will be the most powerful hurricane ever to strike Jamaica. Sustained winds at landfall may top 140 mph, along with localized rains of 40"+ and major storm surge. Here's my latest update with @drjeffmasters.bsky.social: yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/10/meli...

yaleclimateconnections.org

Melissa leaps from tropical storm to Category 4 hurricane in 18 hours » Yale Climate Connections

Catastrophic impacts are becoming increasingly likely for Jamaica, with Melissa expected to crash onshore by early Tuesday.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 30/08/2025

I'm writing code to display wind swath over life of storm using track & wind radii. Want to include exact smoothing NHC uses. "smooth wind field depicted on the graphic is produced by a trigonometric interpolation between the four defined radii" (www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutwindfie...) Anyone know how?

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 28/08/2025

After investigating the cause of why our site was operating slowly we have found that the result was a Python script that accessed our site from the same IP address over 12 million times in the past week. We have blocked that IP address and the Python module used.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 27/08/2025

Our site is currently being hit with 30,000 requests per hour hitting the same pages in our recon system, mostly the same recon missions on Erin. It may be a Python script doing it. We're trying to mitigate it & you may be asked to solve a CAPTCHA challenge from Cloudflare before accessing the site.

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National Weather Service @nws.noaa.gov · 18/08/2025

A large portion of the Atlantic coastline will see the risk for high surf and rip currents this week due to #Erin. 🟥Risk of Rip Currents is High🟥 Life-threatening rip currents are likely. Swimming conditions are unsafe for all levels of swimmers. Stay out of the water. nhc.noaa.gov/refresh/grap...

Map of the U.S. rip current risk from Florida to Maine. A majority of the Atlantic coastline is colored red, designating a "high risk" of rip currents this week.

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Jeff Berardelli @weatherprof.bsky.social · 01/07/2025

“With the proposed shuttering of AOML, HRD… forecasters could lose all tools currently available to estimate and forecast hurricane intensity. It’s a seismic blow to the arsenal of tools forecasters rely on…” michaelrlowry.substack.com/p/noaa-propo...

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James Franklin @franklinjamesl.bsky.social · 30/06/2025

For no particular reason, thinking about some of the major aspects of NHC operations that came out of the NOAA/OAR research labs and the Cooperative Institutes. I've probably missed some key ones, but the first ones that come to mind are...

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James Franklin @franklinjamesl.bsky.social · 01/07/2025

Just a couple days ago NOAA claimed their "data sources are fully capable of providing a complete suite of cutting-edge data and models that ensure the gold-standard weather forecasting the American people deserve". This budget request puts the lie to that claim.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 02/07/2025

Vast swaths of NOAA will be gone in 2026 if 2026 NOAA budget is passed. Hurricane research will be significantly reduced, with some parts of NOAA that do it being completely eliminated. Important tools used by the National Hurricane Center will be gone. There will be less hurricane hunter flights.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 02/07/2025

Imagine ending public release, including to hurricane forecasters, of vital data to see inside storms for fear of data being hacked & released publicly while on its way to being released publicly. That's Trump logic in 2025. If 2026 NOAA budget is passed, there won't be much hurricane research left.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 29/06/2025

As a result of recklessly removing this important data from the hands of forecasters worldwide, thousands of people will likely die. Among those at risk include the poorest & richest nations, U.S. military personnel & their families, and tens of millions all around Atlantic.

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Jim Williams @hurricanecity.com · 15/05/2025

Here is my release of my 2025 hurricane predictions focused on potential impacts to land. www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vT0...

youtube.com

2025 hurricane predictions where could they hit?

YouTube video by jimhurricanecity

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World Central Kitchen @wck.org · 12/01/2025

Updated 1/12/25: WCK will have free meals available in California for first responders and community members impacted by the Southern California wildfires at the locations listed here: wck.org/ca-meals. Share with anyone in the area in need of support. #ChefsForCalifornia

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Jim Williams @hurricanecity.com · 03/01/2025

New Addition to hurricanecity.com/cities.htm here is an example using my home base Delray beach, FL notice the "I" named storm has affected the city more than any other. A foot note "I" is the most popular in database followed by "D" then "E" named storms in Atlantic basin.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 01/12/2024

Some of this year's Air Force & NOAA reconnaissance that occurred in the Atlantic for the 2024 #hurricane season. 163 missions are displayed. (152 tasked by NHC) A variety of other missions occur throughout the year, including winter missions, training missions, research projects & others.

About:

This image contains some of the U.S. Air Force and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) hurricane hunter reconnaissance that occurred in the North Atlantic basin for the 2024 hurricane season.

The image only contains Atlantic recon. It only includes the recon our site processed:

• 152 National Hurricane Center (NHC) tasked missions into storms that were either named at the time or would eventually be named.
• 5 non-tasked missions for the same kind of storms.
• 2 missions for an area that was, or would eventually become, Potential Tropical Cyclone Eight. (that did not develop into a depression or higher)
• 4 total missions into two suspect areas (invests) that did not develop.

A variety of other missions occur throughout the year, including winter missions, training missions, research projects and others. Only data from one of the ten Air Force WC-130J, two NOAA P-3 and one NOAA G-IV aircraft appear in the image.

This image may be used with or without attribution for free.

Our site is not affiliated with any governmental entity.

Credits:

• Google Earth Pro (program)
• NASA (Blue Marble background)
• Natural Earth (world coastlines)
• NOAA and U.S. Air Force (raw hurricane hunter text data)
• Tropical Atlantic (Google Earth files created from raw hurricane hunter data)

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 01/12/2024

The 2024 Atlantic #hurricane season ended on Nov. 30th. Unless another storm forms this year, the year will end with 18 named storms. For a summary of the 2024 season, see this NOAA article: www.noaa.gov/news-release... A summary of the year's hurricane hunter recon is included in the video.

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Jim Williams @hurricanecity.com · 30/11/2024

I will be live tonight at 8:00 PM ET for my annual end of season broadcast to discuss the landfalling hurricanes that I covered this season. You can watch it on my you tube channel www.youtube.com/user/hurrica...

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Jim Williams @hurricanecity.com · 18/11/2024

With tropical storm Sara in the books I have updated the impact map for 2024 with one new addition Honduras

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Tomer Burg @burgwx.bsky.social · 17/11/2024

I plan to eventually transfer my website from my old OU host to a separate server, but in the meantime, I wrote a detailed blog post about the challenges of forecasting Tropical Storm Sara and what went wrong: arctic.som.ou.edu/tburg/blog/p...

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Jim Williams @hurricanecity.com · 15/11/2024

For those of you not familiar with my predictions I pick areas to be impacted by tropical systems. Honduras is currently being impacted by Sara #17 the majority of my top 20 have been impacted by 40+mph winds. hurricanecity.com/predictions....

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 17/11/2024

From National Hurricane Center's 3am CST Sunday discussion on #Sara: Data from Honduras' "government indicate that there has been some reports of around 40 inches of rain. These heavy rains are now spreading westward across portions of Belize, Guatemala, and the Yucatan Peninsula." hurricanes.gov

The image shows "Key Messages" from the National Hurricane Center on this system. "Key Messages", in text format, can be found at the bottom of the National Hurricane Center "Discussion". To find that, click the "Discussion" link in the storm's section on their front page. This image is generated by the National Hurricane Center and can be found under the "Graphics" link on their page in the same storm section where you can find the "Discussion" link.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 14/11/2024

4am EST Thursday: T.D. #Nineteen is now a tropical depression. Up to 30 inches of rain is possible. "This rainfall will lead to widespread areas of life-threatening and potentially catastrophic flash flooding and mudslides".

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 13/11/2024

4pm Wed: National Hurricane Center has initiated advisories on Potential Tropical Cyclone #Nineteen. Watches issued in parts of Honduras & Nicaragua. Up to 30 inches of rain possible. "rainfall will lead to widespread areas of life-threatening & potentially catastrophic flash flooding and mudslides"

The image shows "Key Messages" from the National Hurricane Center on this developing system. "Key Messages", in text format, can be found at the bottom of the National Hurricane Center "Discussion". To find that, click the "Discussion" link under the storm's name on their front page. This image is generated by the National Hurricane Center and can be found under the "Graphics" link on their page in the same place where you can find the "Discussion" link.

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Kim Wood @drkimwood.bsky.social · 12/11/2024

After the Caribbean swiftly warmed to a record peak in early October, a largely downward trend commenced, but the region is still well above normal for this time of year. High SSTs are one factor that could support the development of the Caribbean disturbance being monitored by NHC.

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Tomer Burg @burgwx.bsky.social · 13/11/2024

Super-ensemble plots are now running live for invest 99L. Confidence is growing in a hurricane which may directly impact Central America. Potential impacts in Florida depend on its track and intensity. More invest 99L model data on my site: arctic.som.ou.edu/tburg/produc...

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Bob Henson @bhensonweather.bsky.social · 12/11/2024

We had a major hurricane in the Caribbean + Gulf of Mexico just days ago. Now we're facing the possibility of another one, and it might affect Florida. Here's the scoop from me and @drjeffmasters.bsky.social. BTW, it's mid-November now. Just saying. yaleclimateconnections.org/2024/11/yet-...

yaleclimateconnections.org

Yet another November hurricane threat is taking shape » Yale Climate Connections

A named storm will likely form in the Northwest Caribbean later this week, and it could strengthen and head toward Florida or Cuba next week.

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Tropical Globe @tropicalglobe.com · 08/07/2024

31 hurricane hunter missions in, & around, historic Hurricane #Beryl from June 30th to July 8th, 2024. Beryl became the earliest forming category 5 hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin. It also became the strongest Atlantic hurricane on record in July with 165 mph winds.

A composite image on a map of all 31 hurricane hunter missions into Hurricane Beryl from the Air Force and NOAA hurricane hunters. At each coordinate for which there is data an icon displays either what some of that data is or the type of data available at that particular coordinate. When the data is viewed in Google Earth, where this screenshot was made, a user can click a point to view that data.

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