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Federico Steinberg

@steinbergf.bsky.social
652 followers 312 following 30 posts

Prince of Asturias Professor @georgetown /Senior Fellow @rielcano / Visiting Fellow at @csis

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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program @erep.csis.org · 14/05/2026
"By deepening its own single market & leveraging its extensive network of bilateral agreements, the EU can champion a more resilient, rules-based system that balances strategic autonomy with international cooperation," writes @steinbergf.bsky.social Learn more: www.csis.org/analysis/eur...
csis.org
The European Union in the New Trade Disorder
As protectionism rises and the WTO falters, global trade is being rewired, not collapsing. New hubs centered on the European Union and the CPTPP are reshaping flows, rules, and alliances—and Europe is...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Geopolitics and Foreign Policy Department @geopolitics.csis.org · 09/04/2026
Decarbonization is no longer just a climate goal in Europe––it's a security imperative. New analysis by @erep.csis.org's @maxbergmann.bsky.social and @steinbergf.bsky.social call upon the EU to take bold economic action in the face of the war in Iran. Read here: www.csis.org/analysis/eur...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 25/04/2026
Analizamos qué riesgos supone para la Unión Europea la reconfiguración del orden #comercial internacional. ✍️ @steinbergf.bsky.social 
realinstitutoelcano.org
La reconfiguración del comercio mundial y el papel de la Unión Europea
El nuevo sistema comercial mundial ha obligado a la UE a adaptarse diversificando mercados, a pesar de su fragmentación y tensiones internas.
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program @erep.csis.org · 08/04/2026
As the war in Iran disrupts global energy markets, Europe cannot afford to wait. A bold, collectively financed response is critical to accelerate electrification, support Ukraine, and build a true European energy union. ✍️ @maxbergmann.bsky.social @steinbergf.bsky.social www.csis.org/analysis/eur...
csis.org
Europe Needs Bold Economic Action in the Face of the Iran Shock
As the war in Iran disrupts global energy markets, Europe cannot afford to wait. The European Union must launch a bold, collectively financed response—accelerating electrification, supporting Ukraine,...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 23/04/2026
La instrumentalización de las interdependencias y un mayor uso de la coerción económica, así como el debilitamiento del marco de la OMC, presentan un escenario #comercial incierto e incómodo para la Unión Europea. ✍️ @steinbergf.bsky.social www.realinstitutoelcano.org/analisis/la-...
realinstitutoelcano.org
La reconfiguración del comercio mundial y el papel de la Unión Europea
El nuevo sistema comercial mundial ha obligado a la UE a adaptarse diversificando mercados, a pesar de su fragmentación y tensiones internas.
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 18/02/2026
Las transformaciones que el dinero digital están por traer al orden monetario internacional no vendrán determinadas por la tecnología, sino por los modelos contradictorios de las grandes potencias. ✍️ @steinbergf.bsky.social y Carlos Sánchez Reboiro www.realinstitutoelcano.org/analisis/din...
realinstitutoelcano.org
Dinero digital y poder: tensiones del nuevo orden monetario global
El dinero digital está acelerando la fragmentación del orden monetario, catalizando las tensiones geopolíticas entre EEUU, China y la UE.
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Federico Steinberg @steinbergf.bsky.social · 11/02/2026
Timely proposal by Spanish Economy @carloscuerpo.bsky.social on the need to create a european safe asset. Very well argued and explained. Take a look www.ft.com/content/f0c9...
ft.com
Europe’s best bet for financial sovereignty is a true safe asset
EU-issued bonds would attract long-term capital, reduce financing costs and unlock strategic autonomy
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Federico Steinberg @steinbergf.bsky.social · 06/02/2026
Just Published. My optimistic take on the future of Europe with @katemcnamara.bsky.social at @jcms-eu.bsky.social Can Europe Sustain a New Rules‐Based Geopolitical Order? - McNamara - JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies - Wiley Online Library onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Can Europe Sustain a New Rules‐Based Geopolitical Order?
The European Union (EU) faces a unique opportunity to lead a new rules-based international order in an era of American retreat and heightened global uncertainty. Yet its path to leadership is rife wi...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program @erep.csis.org · 26/01/2026
Europe’s response to US pressure may shift from diplomacy to economic statecraft: tariffs, investment blocks, and regulatory enforcement. ✍️ @steinbergf.bsky.social @nicholasfenton.bsky.social + Emily Benson discuss Europe's economic toolkit amid transatlantic turmoil. www.csis.org/analysis/how...
csis.org
How Could Europe Respond to Future U.S. Threats to Greenland?
If the Trump administration returns to using threats of economic coercion to pressure Europeans over the territorial status of Greenland, the European Union has a range of economic tools at its dispos...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 21/01/2026
La inflación, el crecimiento global o el impacto de los aranceles: así evolucionará la #economía mundial en 2026. ✍️ @judith-arnal.bsky.social y @steinbergf.bsky.social www.realinstitutoelcano.org/analisis/202...
realinstitutoelcano.org
2026 en el horizonte: una economía global que crece, pero sobre equilibrios cada vez más inestables
La economía mundial afronta para 2026 un crecimiento moderado pero frágil, con fuertes divergencias entre economías emergentes y avanzadas.
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program @erep.csis.org · 09/12/2025
Unveiling the EU's Major Economic Security Update: Is a True Geopolitical Commission Emerging? @steinbergf.bsky.social and Emily Benson explore how the EU can follow through on efforts in its new Economic Security Strategy to curb dependencies and secure critical tech. www.csis.org/analysis/unv...
csis.org
Unveiling the European Union’s Major Economic Security Update: Is a True Geopolitical Commission Emerging?
On Dec 3, 2025, the European Union issued a more assertive update to its Economic Security Strategy focused on risk and resilience. As one of few major actors with such a strategy, it aims to cut risk...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program @erep.csis.org · 06/12/2025
The EU’s new Economic Security strategy sharpens its approach to risks and strategic assets. Its success will depend on coordinated, sustained implementation. Full analysis by @steinbergf.bsky.social and Emily Benson below. www.csis.org/analysis/unv...
csis.org
Unveiling the European Union’s Major Economic Security Update: Is a True Geopolitical Commission Emerging?
On Dec 3, 2025, the European Union issued a more assertive update to its Economic Security Strategy focused on risk and resilience. As one of few major actors with such a strategy, it aims to cut risk...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 27/11/2025
¿Podría la carrera por la IA estar generando una burbuja similar a la de las puntocom? ✍️ @judith-arnal.bsky.social y @steinbergf.bsky.social www.realinstitutoelcano.org/analisis/hay...
realinstitutoelcano.org
¿Hay una burbuja en la capitalización de las empresas tecnológicas estadounidenses?
Los datos muestran valoraciones elevadas en las bolsas estadounidenses, especialmente en las empresas del sector tecnológico y la IA.
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program @erep.csis.org · 19/11/2025
NEW: a deep dive into Europe's economic future––including the Euro’s evolving international role, stable coins, the digital Euro, and Europe's path to a fiscally sustainable future. 🎙️ @steinbergf.bsky.social @veron.bsky.social @maxbergmann.bsky.social 🎧 The #Eurofile: www.csis.org/podcasts/eur...
csis.org
Live Episode: Is a New Era Emerging for the Euro? | The Eurofile | CSIS Podcasts
Max Bergmann is joined by Federico Steinberg and Nicolas Véron for a conversation about Europe's economic future.
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program @erep.csis.org · 17/11/2025
🚨 LIVE at 11:00am ET: Is a New Era Emerging for the Euro? In a special video podcast episode, experts join the #Eurofile to unpack the forces shaping Europe’s economic future. 🎙️ @maxbergmann.bsky.social @steinbergf.bsky.social @veron.bsky.social 📍 Livestream link below www.csis.org/events/eurof...
csis.org
The Eurofile Live Podcast: is a New Era Emerging for the Euro? | CSIS Events
The Eurofile LIVE: A special video podcast event exploring what's next for the European economy. Max Bergmann, Host of The Eurofile podcast, sits down with Federico Steinberg and Nicolas Véron to disc...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program @erep.csis.org · 17/11/2025
🚨 Tomorrow: Is a New Era Emerging for the Euro? @maxbergmann.bsky.social @steinbergf.bsky.social @veron.bsky.social discuss what's next for Europe's economy––from fiscal sustainability to the Euro. www.csis.org/events/eurof...
csis.org
The Eurofile Live Podcast: is a New Era Emerging for the Euro? | CSIS Events
The Eurofile LIVE: A special video podcast event exploring what's next for the European economy. Max Bergmann, Host of The Eurofile podcast, sits down with Federico Steinberg and Nicolas Véron to disc...
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Federico Steinberg @steinbergf.bsky.social · 30/10/2025
Mi análisis sobre dónde está la economía mundial y cuáles son los riesgos para el crecimiento
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 11/10/2025
La comodidad de Trump con la realeza y con líderes autocráticos no es casual. ¿Se está perfilando un nuevo sistema de "nuevos reyes" en el panorama internacional? ✍️ @steinbergf.bsky.social 
realinstitutoelcano.org
Los “nuevos reyes” y el futuro del sistema internacional
La aceleración de la erosión del orden liberal internacional ha abierto un debate sobre qué tipo de sistema internacional lo reemplazará.
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 07/10/2025
Un nuevo sistema empieza a perfilarse ante la erosión del orden liberal internacional, uno basado en élites personalistas que opera mediante jerarquías y tributos. ✍️ @steinbergf.bsky.social 
realinstitutoelcano.org
Los “nuevos reyes” y el futuro del sistema internacional
La aceleración de la erosión del orden liberal internacional ha abierto un debate sobre qué tipo de sistema internacional lo reemplazará.
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Ember @ember-energy.org · 02/10/2025
NEW | Surging wind and solar power helped make electricity in Spain CHEAPER than in most European countries. 📈 As wind and solar grows… 📉 …The influence of costly fossil fuels on the electricity price shrinks loom.ly/8DEmqVc
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSDS Brussels @csds.bsky.social · 15/09/2025
"The unbalanced transatlantic relationship: understanding US influence in Europe" Jeffrey Anderson & Federico Steinberg www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.... @steinbergf.bsky.social
tandfonline.com
The unbalanced transatlantic relationship: understanding US influence in Europe
This article examines US influence on Europe in the context of the geostrategic rivalry with China. We employ the wedging-binding framework and and argue that US influence in Europe does not occur ...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Abe Newman @abenewman.bsky.social · 25/08/2025
Here is the article ungatted: on.ft.com/466wJMj
on.ft.com
Europe urgently needs a remedy for the ‘Brussels defect’
[FREE TO READ] The EU must stop thinking it can turn thorny political controversies into solvable technical issues
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 13/08/2025
⭐️#LomásLeído del año en nuestra web 3️⃣La economía mundial y la economía española ante el año 2025 ✍️@steinbergf.bsky.social @judith-arnal.bsky.social @enriquefeas.bsky.social @miotei.bsky.social
realinstitutoelcano.org
La economía mundial y la economía española ante el año 2025
La llegada de Trump a la Casa Blanca plantea incógnitas que podrán moldear las prospectivas de la economía mundial en 2025.
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS | Center for Strategic & International Studies @csis.org · 05/08/2025
CSIS's @philuck.bsky.social unpacks the latest round of tariffs from the Trump administration and presents projections on their economic impacts. He also shows how China has become an increasingly important part of the world value chain over the past several decades. Watch here: cs.is/3HktOpI
cs.is
Is U.S. Trade Policy Driving Partners Closer to China?
CSIS's Phil Luck unpacks the latest round of tariffs from the Trump administration and presents CSIS projections on the economic impacts of these tariffs. He...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program @erep.csis.org · 31/07/2025
🤝 How did the new EU-US trade deal shake out for Brussels? According to @steinbergf.bsky.social, the answer depends on your lens—economic or geopolitical. Read more insight into how Europe shielded itself from significant economic pain––and at what cost––below: www.csis.org/analysis/us-...
csis.org
The U.S.-EU Trade Deal: Geopolitical Victory and Economic Uncertainty for the United States
The latest U.S.-EU trade deal gives Washington a geopolitical win—including steep tariffs and key concessions—while Europe bears the economic costs of a weak response. In reality, this muted strategy ...
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Federico Steinberg @steinbergf.bsky.social · 01/08/2025
Trump ‘hackea’ el sistema económico internacional. Mi análisis en @elpais.com @rielcano.bsky.social
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program @erep.csis.org · 30/07/2025
NEW: Washington scored a geopolitical victory. Brussels had to choose between bad and worse. 💡 @steinbergf.bsky.social breaks down the top-line outcomes of Sunday's US-EU trade deal—and why its geopolitical & economic implications don't align. Full commentary below. www.csis.org/analysis/us-...
csis.org
The U.S.-EU Trade Deal: Geopolitical Victory and Economic Uncertainty for the United States
The latest U.S.-EU trade deal gives Washington a geopolitical win—including steep tariffs and key concessions—while Europe bears the economic costs of a weak response. In reality, this muted strategy ...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 29/07/2025
🇪🇺🇺🇸 Desde el punto de vista económico, Europa ha seguido el manual: no responder a aranceles con aranceles. Pero ¿cuál es el coste político? ✍️ @steinbergf.bsky.social‬
realinstitutoelcano.org
Acuerdo comercial entre la UE y EEUU: cuando la lógica económica choca con la geopolítica
El acuerdo entre EEUU y la UE alivia la tensión comercial y ofrece a Europa oportunidad para avanzar hacia una autonomía estratégica real.
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program @erep.csis.org · 26/06/2025
Big news! Sander Tordoir has joined EREP as a non-resident senior associate. His expertise on European economies, the Eurozone, trade, industrial policy, and more will be an invaluable addition to our work. Welcome to the team, @sandertordoir.bsky.social ! www.csis.org/people/sande...
csis.org
Sander Tordoir
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Federico Steinberg @steinbergf.bsky.social · 24/06/2025
This is an excellent piece for academics and grad students. Read it carefully and apply its lessons
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Catherine E. de Vries @catherinedevries.bsky.social · 24/06/2025
Most literature reviews miss the point.
 Not because they’re sloppy. 
But because they treat the literature like a box to tick. In my latest Respect the Marble Post, I carve out a 6-step process to writing a meaningful lit review: catherineeunicedevries.substack.com/p/most-liter... 🧵
catherineeunicedevries.substack.com
Most Literature Reviews Miss the Point. Don’t Let Yours
Critically Engaging Past Work to Confidently Shape Your Own
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 16/06/2025
Las medidas proteccionistas y arancelarias de Trump agitan con fuerza los mercados financieros internacionales. Ante esta situación, Europa tiene que reforzar su integración fiscal, monetaria y política. ✍️ @miotei.bsky.social y @steinbergf.bsky.social www.realinstitutoelcano.org/analisis/eur...
realinstitutoelcano.org
Eurobonos: la respuesta a Trump pasa por aumentar el poder monetario europeo
Las políticas de Trump han socavado la credibilidad del dólar como moneda global, creando una oportunidad para reforzar el papel del euro.
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Geopolitics and Foreign Policy Department @geopolitics.csis.org · 12/06/2025
"... increasingly people are looking to the G7 to play some sort of role." CSIS Geopolitics and Foreign Policy Department President Victor Cha discusses the upcoming G7 Summit and necessary reforms for the G7 to serve as an effective governance institution. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dkx-...
youtube.com
The G7 Summit and Reforming the G7
The G7 is meeting in Canada on June 15-17. The world needs an effective governance institution, and to serve that purpose the G7 needs to broaden its scope, ...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 12/06/2025
#EquipoElcano
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Federico Steinberg @steinbergf.bsky.social · 12/06/2025
Una historia de éxito con asignaturas pendientes. Mi evaluación de los 40 años de España en la Unión Europea en Expansion www.expansion.com/economia/202...
expansion.com
Una historia de éxito con asignaturas pendientes
Por una parte, 1986 marcaba un punto de llegada. Aunque la apertura económica de España había empezado con el Plan de Estabilización de 1959 y la transición a la democracia...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 12/06/2025
📅 #TalDíaComoHoy hace 40 años España firmaba en Madrid el Tratado de Adhesión a las Comunidad Europeas tras años de negociaciones. La integración definitiva se produciría el 1 de enero de 1986. 🧵 #EspañaUE40 @ignacio-molina.bsky.social @steinbergf.bsky.social 🎥 ec.europa.eu
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Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 12/06/2025
Consulta ya nuestro Especial #EspañaUE40 sobre el 40º aniversario del Tratado de Adhesión de España a la Unión Europea. @ignacio-molina.bsky.social @steinbergf.bsky.social www.realinstitutoelcano.org/especiales/4...
realinstitutoelcano.org
40 años de España en la UE
Especial web sobre el 40 aniversario de la adhesión a las Comunidades Europeas y la participación de España en la UE.
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program @erep.csis.org · 11/06/2025
Recent US economic policy has prompted investors and central banks to search for security in the global market. Europe—more specifically Berlin—could hold the key. @steinbergf.bsky.social & @miotei.bsky.social on a historic opportunity for the euro amidst the chaos ⬇️ www.csis.org/analysis/how...
csis.org
How the European Union and Germany Can Leverage Their Monetary Power
Amid rising global tensions and U.S. monetary assertiveness, Germany and the European Union face a pivotal choice: issue joint Eurobonds to elevate the euro’s global role and fund strategic autonomy, ...
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Abe Newman @abenewman.bsky.social · 10/06/2025
In January, Nik Kalyanpur and I pitched a similar piece to major outlets. We got back pleasant brushoffs that the comparison to oligarchs in Russia and Hungary was too far fetched. What a difference a few months make. blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/20... www.ft.com/content/2626...
ft.com
What Musk can learn from Ma and Khodorkovsky
In a power struggle between a national leader and a billionaire, the politician always comes out on top
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Lluís Camprubí @lluiscamprubi.bsky.social · 09/06/2025
amp.expansion.com/economia/202... Eurobonos y poder monetario europeo De @steinbergf.bsky.social via @jorgetamames.bsky.social
amp.expansion.com
Eurobonos y poder monetario europeo
Trump está poniendo patas arriba los mercados financieros internacionales. Sus políticas proteccionistas están generando enorme volatilidad e incertidumbre. Y la "pausa arence
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 07/06/2025
this is a really fun conversation!
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CSIS Europe, Russia, and Eurasia Program @erep.csis.org · 06/06/2025
As confidence in US fiscal policy wavers, is dollar dominance at risk? ERE's @steinbergf.bsky.social argues w/ @miotei.bsky.social that Eurobonds won’t end dollar hegemony—but may help balance a multipolar currency system and protect Europe from broader economic shocks. www.csis.org/analysis/how...
csis.org
How the European Union and Germany Can Leverage Their Monetary Power
Amid rising global tensions and U.S. monetary assertiveness, Germany and the European Union face a pivotal choice: issue joint Eurobonds to elevate the euro’s global role and fund strategic autonomy, ...
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Federico Steinberg @steinbergf.bsky.social · 06/06/2025
www.csis.org/analysis/how.... My piece @csis.org with @miotei.bsky.social @rielcano.bsky.social
csis.org
How the European Union and Germany Can Leverage Their Monetary Power
Amid rising global tensions and U.S. monetary assertiveness, Germany and the European Union face a pivotal choice: issue joint Eurobonds to elevate the euro’s global role and fund strategic autonomy, ...
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Federico Steinberg @steinbergf.bsky.social · 03/06/2025
The Spanish economy is one of the fastest-growing among rich countries. Here @carloscuerpo.bsky.social explains why. And what reforms Spain should adopt to continue on this path www.imf.org/en/Publicati...
imf.org
Spain’s Shift to Success
Our new model of balanced and sustainable growth is overcoming traditional dilemmas
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Jorge Tamames @jorgetamames.bsky.social · 20/05/2025
Esta semana escribo sobre Trump y la extrema derecha fuera de EEUU. ¿Es un lastre o la impulsa? Intento sacar conclusiones a partir de elecciones recientes: Portugal, Rumanía, Polonia, Reino Unido, Australia, Canadá... de-siria-a-soria.ghost.io/por-que-no-s...
de-siria-a-soria.ghost.io
¿Por qué no se hunden?
Dos hipótesis sobre el futuro de la extrema derecha.
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Federico Steinberg @steinbergf.bsky.social · 30/05/2025
A sofisticated new proposal for large issuances of Eurobonds at a crucial moment for the EU. A must read by @aubide.bsky.social and Olivie Blanchard www.piie.com/blogs/realti...
piie.com
Now is the time for Eurobonds: A specific proposal
Given the new geopolitical environment, there is wide agreement that Europe needs to achieve strategic autonomy. Autonomy has many dimensions. The most obvious today is military autonomy, building a s...
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Arancha Gonzalez @aranchagonzalez.bsky.social · 16/05/2025
Next Wednesday 21 May we will be discussing tariffs & tariffs with @chadpbown.com moderated by @ceciliamalmstrom.bsky.social @piie.com www.piie.com/events/2025/...
piie.com
Tariffs, tariffs, tariffs
According to US president Donald J. Trump, "tariff" is the most beautiful word in the dictionary. Since he entered office, he has imposed a vast number of tariffs globally. He first imposed a global t...
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Reposted by Federico Steinberg
louiscatheu.bsky.social @louiscatheu.bsky.social · 13/05/2025
Ce fut un grand plaisir de pouvoir discuter avec @abenewman.bsky.social pour @grandcontinent.bsky.social
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Kate McNamara @katemcnamara.bsky.social · 10/05/2025
Thanks to EUSA & @jei-publication.bsky.social for the chance to brainstorm about how Trump's blowing up the transatlantic relationship & Russian aggression are changing the political, economic, & social dynamics in Europe. Spoiler: EU militarization is necessary but needs real democratic oversight.
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Real Instituto Elcano / Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano.bsky.social · 06/05/2025
“Llama la atención que el FMI no aborde el tema que estaba en boca de todos en Washington: la pérdida de centralidad del dólar en el sistema financiero global y sus posibles consecuencias”. ✍️ @steinbergf.bsky.social y Martín H. Barros www.realinstitutoelcano.org/comentarios/...
realinstitutoelcano.org
Reuniones de Primavera del FMI y el Banco Mundial: ataque estadounidense al crecimiento económico global y al multilateralismo
Las Reuniones de Primavera de 2025 han evidenciado los esfuerzos de EEUU por adaptar el multilateralismo a un orden centrado en su interés nacional.
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