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Endoplasmic reticulum-mediated organelle crosstalk in kidney disease | Nature Reviews Nephrology
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle involved in a wide range of intracellular biological processes, including Ca2+ homeostasis; lipid metabolism; proteostasis through protein synthesis, folding and processing of secretory and transmembrane proteins; and signal transduction. The ER forms extensive physical interactions with various intracellular organelles through the membrane contact sites, enabling direct exchange of ions and lipids without vesicular transport. At mitochondria-associated membranes, ER–mitochondria communication governs calcium transfer, lipid synthesis, mitochondrial dynamics, the unfolded protein response and inflammation, all of which are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The ER also interacts with the Golgi apparatus, endosomes and plasma membrane to facilitate transfer of calcium and lipids. Disruption of ER–organelle communication contributes to the development and progression of various kidney diseases, including diabetic kidney disea