In this systematic review and meta-analysis, Maureen Moyo-Chilufya and colleagues synthesize evidence from more than 35 million children and adolescents to examine differences in all-cause mortality b...

In this target trial emulation, Po-Huang Chen and colleagues compare outcomes between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and benzodiazepine users with solid tumors and depression or anxiety and fi...

Kavita Singh and colleagues evaluated a multicomponent quality improvement strategy for chronic cardiovascular disease care in India and found it was feasible to implement, well accepted by patients a...

In this study of more than 167,000 children in Wales, Saraid McIlvride and colleagues examined how prenatal exposure to maternal depression and antidepressants relates to later neurodevelopmental outc...

In this Policy Forum, Laura Magee and colleagues provide updated guidance for ‘inverted’ antenatal care, including optimal screening timepoints and the most accurate methods of screening. They also hi...

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death, and progress in reducing mortality has stalled, calling for more research. In this Editorial, Manpreet Kaur discusses the opportunity for…

In this prospective cohort study, Kanna Hayashi and colleagues examine whether encampment sweeps, including the confiscation of personal belongings and forced displacement, are associated with transit...

Author summary Why was this study done? Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) is a common hormonal condition affecting up to around 10%–13% of women of reproductive age and is linked with...

Using a population-level quasi-experimental study design, Luan Nguyen Quang Vo and colleagues assess the effects of a public-private mix intervention implemented in Viet Nam and designed to increase t...

Manman Chen, Wanzhou Wang and colleagues examined how infectious disease epidemics were associated with changes in the health workforce across 194 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Their fi...

In this population-based study, Ernst Bergman and colleagues found that older adults who participated in a health assessment followed by a personalized counselling session were less likely to develop ...

In this Perspective, Gemma Whyatt and Jodi Whitehouse—two women living with the rare condition Congenital Melanocytic Naevus—outline why lived experience must shape rare disease research from the outs...

In this observational study, Shengzhi Sun and colleagues examine accelerometer-derived sleep patterns in 95,559 participants from the UK Biobank and find that differences in sleep stages, duration, re...

Open research and data transparency are a bulwark against unethical activities, but can also introduce integrity risks. In this Perspective, Danny Maupin, Matt Spick and Nophar Geifman argue that free...

In this natural experiment study, Huang and colleagues show that the mandatory healthy checkout policy in Perris, California, is associated with a notable increase in healthier food and beverage produ...

In this Policy Forum article, Isabelle Munyangaju and colleagues discuss why the roll-out and scale-up of HIV self-testing over the last decade has been inadequate, and highlight what is needed—learni...

PLOS Medicine Executive Editor, Helen Lumbard, and Senior Editor, Front Section, Daniel Routledge, call for the scientific community to tackle research fraud and paper mills head on by creating robust...

In this Perspective, Susanna Siri and colleagues examine ethical guidelines and governance principles relevant to the collection, use, reuse and storage of data for the Sámi population and Indigenous ...

Open science often centers around publications and data transparency. This Perspective discusses how and why disseminating results to study participants is essential for maximizing the values and bene...

Jingjie Zhu and Bo Ye examine healthy working life expectancy across nearly 175,000 adults aged 50 and over in 28 countries, finding that factors such as higher education, healthier lifestyles, and su...

In this study, Damir Zhakparov and colleagues use machine learning to identify multimodal feature clusters associated with paediatric atopic dermatitis in AmaXhosa children in South Africa, highlighti...

Ho Cheung William Li and colleagues conduct a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of a health-promotion intervention delivered by telephone, with weekly digital reminders and initiated a...

Using an interrupted time-series analysis, Léa Lenglart and colleagues explore whether heterogeneity in coverage in European countries of the RSV- targeting monoclonal antibody nirsevimab associates w...

In this Perspective, Zachary Marcum argues that the gap between medication efficacy in trials and real-world effectiveness is widening, and with it the opportunity cost of medication nonadherence. He ...

Author summary Why was this study done? Dengue, caused by infection with dengue virus, is an increasing public health threat globally, and is a cause of particular concern in Mexico and the America...

In a randomized open-label trial, Wei-Xiang Qi and colleagues investigate the feasibility of dose-reduced thoracic radiotherapy to mitigate treatment related toxicities while preserving oncological ou...

Author summary Why was this study done? COVID-19 is globally endemic and remains a public health burden, especially in at-risk populations. This study aims to determine whether higher levels of n...

In recognition of Endometriosis Awareness Month, this Editorial by Alexandra Tosun discusses why raising awareness and education of endometriosis, as well as increasing funding and research for this s...

In a large Swedish population study, Yunyang Deng and colleagues found that women with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection had slightly higher rates of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular-relat...

In this nationwide Swedish cohort study, Hui Wang and colleagues found that higher maternal BMI in early pregnancy was associated with a greater risk of offspring mortality from birth through early ad...

In a post-hoc analysis of an implementation trial, Aaloke Mody and colleagues show that a person-centered care strategy targeted to healthcare workers is linked to improve return to and subsequent ret...

In this multicohort study, Hugh Logan Ellis and colleagues optimize the laboratory-based frailty index for use as a general measure of illness severity across all adult ages and different healthcare s...

In this Perspective, Christopher Winchester and colleagues discuss how open access options for publishing commercially-funded research are often restricted, examine the consequences of this inequity, ...

This Perspective by Kiarah Shchepanik and colleagues discusses results from the recent LAMPA trial, in which a smartphone app did not improve adherence to antimicrobial prescriber guidelines despite e...

In this stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial, Vilada Chansamouth and colleagues evaluate whether a smartphone application-based antimicrobial prescribing intervention can improve adherence to nation...

In this nationwide cohort study, Kristian F. Axelsson and colleagues develop and validate clinical decision support tool for predicting hip fracture risk that can be used for population screening with...

In this Perspective, Iain Marshall and colleagues discuss a new study that suggests stroke risk may be increasing among younger age groups, highlighting new emerging risks and discussing the need for ...

In this modeling study, Dileepa Ediriweera, Anuradhani Kasturiratne and colleagues reviewed the literature on snakebites, and used this data to estimate the incidence of annual number of snake envenom...

In an observational study, Fabiola Eto and colleagues investigate the trajectories of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, end-stage renal disease and mental health conditions in women and men from ...

In a population-based cohort study, Emma Whitfield and colleagues investigate the frequency of emergency diagnoses across various non-neoplastic conditions and examine the association of emergency dia...