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Elaine Hsiao

@pipethero.bsky.social
2.6K followers 164 following 57 posts

microbes, guts & brains at UCLA www.hsiao.science

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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 11/08/2026
Congratulations to Sabeen Kazmi & colleagues on their new study showing that gut microbes & microbial metabolites can promote tau aggregation in a mouse model of tauopathy/Alzheimer’s disease. The work identifies microbiome changes linked to tau risk over time as potential therapeutic targets.
nature.com
Select microbial metabolites promote tau aggregation in a murine tauopathy model - Nature Communications
Here, using a mouse model of tauopathy, the authors reveal that disruption of the gut microbiome drives tau pathology and cognitive decline, and identify five microbial metabolites that directly promo...
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 15/05/2026
📣 Our lab is recruiting postdocs to lead new fully funded projects on mechanisms of microbiome–gut–brain signaling & microbial regulation of brain–body interactions in disease, w supportive clinical collaborators. Expertise in gut–brain, systems neuro, or neuroimmunology preferred. Please email 📧
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Reposted by Elaine Hsiao
Cell Host & Microbe @cp-cellhostmicrobe.bsky.social · 01/12/2025
Microbe-mediated stress? Microbial metabolite Imidazole propionate reaches brain, dampens hypothalamic activity & promotes stress-related behaviors. In humans, higher ImP is associated w/reduced hypothalamic responses & emotional eating @pipethero.bsky.social www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
cell.com
The microbial metabolite imidazole propionate modulates hypothalamic activity and stress-induced behaviors
Agirman et al. find that imidazole propionate, a microbiome-derived metabolite, reaches the brain, dampens hypothalamic activity, and promotes stress-related behaviors. Human data show that higher ImP...
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 25/11/2025
This work underscores how a single microbial metabolite can have profound effects on host neurobiology through direct access to the brain. A huge congratulations to Guli and coauthors for unraveling this pathway from the gut lumen to the hypothalamus!
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 25/11/2025
Importantly, these associations between high ImP, decreased hypothalamic activity, & maladaptive stress behaviors were reproduced in human subjects that were assessed for stress-related behavioral traits and underwent fMRI to measure hypothalamic reactivity to palatable food-related stimuli
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 25/11/2025
Instead, ImP specifically targets the hypothalamus. Guli saw decreased neuronal activation & increased GABA in the hypothalamus (but not amygdala). In primary neuronal cultures, supplementing ImP altered excitatory responses. This suggests that ImP tunes the brain's emotional circuitry directly. 🎯
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 25/11/2025
Is this due to neuroinflammation? Guli checked. Using snRNA-seq, immunostaining in the hypothalamus, and cytokine profiling, she found no evidence of ImP-induced neuroinflammation or mTOR activation. This suggests ImP acts via a different mechanism than general immune activation.
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 25/11/2025
What happens when ImP levels rise? Guli saw striking alterations in hypothalamic neurons for stress & E/I balance. ImP increased anxiety-like behaviors, seizure susceptibility, & stress-induced intake of palatable food. This was also seen with high ImP from E. lenta or ImP from HFD microbiota.
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 25/11/2025
She started by looking at how gut bacteria convert histidine into ImP. Using engineered B. theta and E. lenta, she confirmed that bacteria-derived ImP doesn’t stay in the gut. It enters systemic circulation and reaches multiple brain regions, including the hypothalamus.🩸🦠
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 25/11/2025
We were inspired by metabolomic datasets showing that ImP is seen in the brain, as well human studies finding that high levels of serum ImP are seen in metabolic diseases like T2D and obesity. This made Guli wonder whether increased microbial production of ImP can account for high serum & brain ImP.
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 25/11/2025
Excited to share new work by Guli Agirman + co that identifies a direct mechanism linking gut microbial imidazole propionate to stress! 🧠🦠 Btw this image was made by Nano Banana Pro 🍌. First time I've gotten a model to accurately generate a science graphic 🤯 authors.elsevier.com/a/1mA5M6t8JE...
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 25/09/2025
Happy to share this paper in final form rdcu.be/eH8tj, with more info on neuronal responses and potential mechanism of actions! The results suggest that there is neural interoception of microbial metabolic state 🧠🦠 We hope they can inspire more work in this area!
rdcu.be
Complex carbohydrate utilization by gut bacteria modulates host food consumption
Nature Communications - Gut bacteria digest dietary fiber and release molecules as energy for the host. Here, Yu et al. find that the ability of certain gut bacteria to digest different fibers...
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 20/08/2025
Delighted to share this perspective piece by Lewis Yu on microbial regulation of serotonin and neuroimmune interactions. Looking forward to sharing more on this topic soon 🤞 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
sciencedirect.com
Microbial regulation of serotonin and neuroimmune interactions
Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and neuroimmune system is essential during host–microbiome interactions. Recent research has be…
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Reposted by Elaine Hsiao
Hypothesis Fund @hypothesisfund.bsky.social · 17/07/2025
5/5 Awardee @chuchuzhang.bsky.social explores how different body states (eg, pregnancy) may change what neurons sense & how they respond. Her work may lead to new ways to address nausea associated w/ pregnancy🤰 & chemo. 🍾Congrats Dr. Zhang! @dgsomucla.bsky.social 🙏 #HFScout @pipethero.bsky.social
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Reposted by Elaine Hsiao
Amina T. Schartup @aminaschartup.bsky.social · 04/06/2025
🧪our paper in @cp-cellhostmicrobe.bsky.social selected as NIEHS papers of the month! 🔥🔥 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40315838/ @pipethero.bsky.social @scrippsocean.bsky.social
urldefense.com
Extramural papers of the month
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
Overall, this was an exciting proof of concept showing that i) a gut bacterium can be used to offset environmental risk for neurotoxicity and ii) bacterial treatment of pregnant mice has the capacity to protect the brains of their fetuses.
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
To see if it reduces methylmercury to levels that are biologically meaningful, we tested it in pregnant mice. The bacterium reduced methylmercury bioaccumulation in maternal & fetal tissues, including brain, & reduced signs of toxicity in fetal brains from dams fed tuna or salmon
media.tenor.com
a robot says " if you go near this child , i will have no choice but to kill you "
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
To put it to the real test, Amina got a bluefin tuna from a fish market & processed it into a fine powder. The bacterium reduced fish methylmercury when in culture & when monocolonized in mice that were fed fish-based chow. It even worked by oral gavage to conventional mice!
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
Kristie engineered the gut bacterium B. thetaiotaomicron to express enzymes that reduce methylmercury into forms that are less toxic & easily excreted, and showed the bacterium quickly reduces methylmercury in culture & in the guts of mice orally gavaged with methylmercury
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
This made us wonder, if certain soil microbes survive by detoxifying methylmercury from their environment, could we use a microbe to detoxify methylmercury that enters the gut environment from eating mercury-containing fish?
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
We were inspired by work by Fatimawali, Kepel, and Tallei at Sam Ratulangi University that found mercury-resistant soil bacteria from a polluted gold mine pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30796768/
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Potential of Organic Mercury-resistant Bacteria Isolated from Mercury Contaminated Sites for Organic Mercury Remediation - PubMed
The study suggested that there are four bacteria that have potentials to remediate organic mercury contamination sites.
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
We learned from Amina’s foundational research that levels of the neurotoxicant methylmercury are rising in fish, which poses a major issue for the billions of people iwho rely on fish as a major source of nutrition. www.nature.com/articles/s41...
nature.com
Climate change and overfishing increase neurotoxicant in marine predators - Nature
Overfishing and warming ocean temperature have caused an increase in methylmercury concentrations in some Atlantic predatory fish, and this trend is predicted to continue unless stronger mercury and c...
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
This all began with a chance meeting at Scialog meeting by @RCSA1—think science speed-dating with rapid seed funding- a fun and impactful way to advance new ideas. Thanks to @RCSA1 for supporting collaborative, interdisciplinary research & making this work possible! newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/red...
newsroom.ucla.edu
Designer microbe shows promise for reducing mercury absorption from seafood
UCLA and UCSD research suggests a probiotic could one day increase the benefits of eating fish.
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
Thrilled to share this collaborative work by Kristie Yu, Francis Chandra, Amina Schartup and teams @Scripps_Ocean and @UCLA showing that an engineered gut bacterium can be used to reduce the neurotoxic effects of dietary methylmercury www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...
cell.com
An engineered gut bacterium protects against dietary methylmercury exposure in pregnant mice
Yu and Chandra et al. engineered a commensal gut microbe, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, to detoxify methylmercury (MeHg). The engineered bacterium reduces MeHg in the intestinal lumen, limits its accu...
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
Lots more to do and improve, but overall, this was an exciting proof of concept showing that i) a gut bacterium can be used to offset environmental risk for neurotoxicity and ii) bacterial treatment of pregnant mice has the capacity to protect the brains of their fetuses.
media.tenor.com
a green cartoon character is giving a thumbs up sign
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
To see if it reduces methylmercury to levels that are biologically meaningful, we tested it in pregnant mice. The bacterium reduced methylmercury bioaccumulation in maternal & fetal tissues, including brain, & reduced signs of toxicity in fetal brains from dams fed tuna or salmon
media.tenor.com
a robot says " if you go near this child , i will have no choice but to kill you "
ALT: a robot says " if you go near this child , i will have no choice but to kill you "
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
To put it to the real test, Amina got a bluefin tuna from a fish market & processed it into a fine powder. The bacterium reduced fish methylmercury when in culture & when monocolonized in mice that were fed fish-based chow. It even worked by oral gavage to conventional mice!
media.tenor.com
a man is talking to a woman and the words eliminate it are on the screen behind him
ALT: a man is talking to a woman and the words eliminate it are on the screen behind him
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
Kristie engineered the gut bacterium B. thetaiotaomicron to express enzymes that reduce methylmercury into forms that are less toxic & easily excreted, and showed the bacterium quickly reduces methylmercury in culture & in the guts of mice orally gavaged with methylmercury
media.tenor.com
a cartoon drawing of bacteria with the words party time written below them
ALT: a cartoon drawing of bacteria with the words party time written below them
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
This made us wonder, if certain soil microbes survive by detoxifying methylmercury from their environment, could we use a microbe to detoxify methylmercury that enters the gut environment from eating mercury-containing fish?
media.tenor.com
a cartoon of spongebob with a question mark in a thought bubble
ALT: a cartoon of spongebob with a question mark in a thought bubble
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
We were inspired by work by Fatimawali, Kepel, and Tallei at Sam Ratulangi University that found mercury-resistant soil bacteria from a polluted gold mine pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30796768/
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Potential of Organic Mercury-resistant Bacteria Isolated from Mercury Contaminated Sites for Organic Mercury Remediation - PubMed
The study suggested that there are four bacteria that have potentials to remediate organic mercury contamination sites.
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
We learned from Amina’s foundational research that levels of the neurotoxicant methylmercury are rising in fish, which poses a major issue for the billions of people iwho rely on fish as a major source of nutrition. www.nature.com/articles/s41...
nature.com
Climate change and overfishing increase neurotoxicant in marine predators - Nature
Overfishing and warming ocean temperature have caused an increase in methylmercury concentrations in some Atlantic predatory fish, and this trend is predicted to continue unless stronger mercury and c...
100
Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
This all began with a chance meeting at Scialog meeting by RCSA — think science speed-dating with rapid seed funding- a fun and impactful way to advance new ideas. Thanks to RCSA for supporting collaborative, interdisciplinary research & making this work possible!
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Reposted by Elaine Hsiao
Stephanie Orchanian @stephorch.bsky.social · 17/02/2025
Curious about how the gut microbiome modulates the neurological health of pregnant women and their offspring? Check out my recent review with @pipethero.bsky.social out now @jclinical-invest.bsky.social! 🦠🤰👶🧠 www.jci.org/articles/vie...
jci.org
JCI - The microbiome as a modulator of neurological health across the maternal-offspring interface
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
Huge thanks to Kelly Jameson who fearlessly led this study (& overcame the many technical hurdles of doing so!) together with invaluable guidance from Felix Schweizer! Also to Sabeen Kazmi, Taka Ohara, Celine Son, Kristie Yu & colleagues for helping to make it possible.
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
Overall, this work adds key details to existing work on how microbes & their metabolites interact with vagal neurons. It shows that they can do so when applied to the lumen of the small intestine & when considering the specific subsets of metabolites that come from the microbiome
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
By stacking stimuli for in vivo calcium imaging, the SCFAs, BAs, and 3-IS seemed to activate some distinct subsets of vagal neurons, with some acting faster vs. slower than others.
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
Perfusing select SCFAs, bile acids & 3-indoxyl sulfate into the SI increased vagal activity & activated NTS neurons. This was prevented by particular receptor antagonists, which together with in vitro screening, suggested that they act indirectly via enteroendocrine cells
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
To find out which magic molecules from the microbiome may be responsible, Kelly subjected small intestinal vs. cecal contents from mice with different microbiomes to metabolomic profiling and screened the top candidates for their ability to increase vagal activity.
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
Perfusing antibiotics into the small intestine of conventional (but not germ-free) mice decreased vagal activity, whereas re-perfusing gut contents from conventional (but not germ-free) mice restored activity. This also worked with small molecule filtrates of the gut contents.
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
They found that mice that are germ-free or pre-treated with antibiotics have lower vagal tone ("homeostatic" vagal activity) compared to mice that have normal microbiomes.
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
Their findings made Kelly and colleagues in the lab wonder if the normal microbiome (during homeostasis) regulates vagal activity and if so, how.
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
This builds upon foundational works by Bravo et al., pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21876150/, Sgritta et al. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC..., and others showing that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prevents the ability of particular probiotic treatments to alter mouse behaviors
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve - PubMed
There is increasing, but largely indirect, evidence pointing to an effect of commensal gut microbiota on the central nervous system (CNS). However, it is unknown whether lactic acid bacteria such as L...
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
Delighted to highlight new work by Kelly Jameson and colleagues showing that select microbial metabolites in the small intestinal lumen regulate vagal activity www.cell.com/iscience/ful...
cell.com
Select microbial metabolites in the small intestinal lumen regulates vagal activity via receptor-mediated signaling
Neuroscience; Microbiome
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
Many thanks to the amazing Ezgi, now Professor Özcan, for leading this important work together with lab members Kristie Yu + co, and overcoming the trials & tribulations of mouse experiments with infant formula 🐭🍼
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
Overall, this was a big surprise! Fiber often isn't counted toward carb content of keto diets, but this study (in mice, but with diets used by human babies) suggests that it's important to consider not only fiber content but fiber type when formulating keto diets for epilepsy.
media.tenor.com
a person pouring sugar into a pitcher with the words " is this keto " on the bottom
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
Ezgi then screened 13 different fiber types & grouped them by how well they shift the microbiome toward protection-related signatures. When tested in mice, the ones from groups that induced protection-related microbial signatures had a positive effect, whereas the others didn't
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
When Ezgi added fiber to the 3:1 infant formula, it restored its protective effects to levels seen with 4:1 and MCT. When she added even more fiber to the 4:1, it conferred even greater seizure protection in mice, exceeding the max she had previously observed.
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
She found that fiber elicited the most striking changes in the in vitro microbial system and metagenomic signatures that aligned best with the ones that were associated with seizure protection in mice.
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
She then did a deep dive on the nutritional contents of each keto formula and screened effects of each variable that was different between the diets (fat and carb types, source, saturation, ratio, etc.) on in vitro cultures of bacteria representing the human infant microbiome.
media.tenor.com
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Elaine Hsiao @pipethero.bsky.social · 29/01/2025
Ezgi also saw that the different keto diets caused different changes in the gut microbiome. She pulled out which microbial metagenomic signatures tracked best with seizure protection in mice, with the idea that she would want to find ways to enhance those.
media.tenor.com
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