An oral enzyme-responsive co-delivery nanoplatform is designed to achieve controlled release of tryptophan and the metabolism inhibitor NLG919, specifically in the large intestine. This design redirec...

Xia et al. reveal that the Fusarium mycotoxin DON hijacks host central metabolism through NAD+-dependent enzymes to promote disease and identify MIPS as a key safeguard that redirects myo-inositol met...

In the urogenital tract, dominant lactobacilli shape vaginal immunity and community stability. In this review, Dillen and Dricot et al. integrate clinical and mechanistic evidence on their molecular s...

Yang et al. identify the oral commensal Veillonella as a key driver of Clostridioides difficile infection in Crohn’s disease. Veillonella promotes pathogen germination by disrupting bile acid recyclin...

Tan et al. identify a human commensal bacterium, Clostridium immunis—and its bioactive phosphocholine-modified exopolysaccharide (EPS)—that reduces visceral adiposity and weight gain in mice. By decre...

da Silva et al. show that Enterococcus faecalis-derived lactic acid suppresses macrophage NF-κB activation via MCT-1 and GPR81 signaling. This lactic-acid-driven immunosuppression promotes bacterial p...

Tang et al. reveal that dietary pectin drives Bacteroides uniformis surface remodeling to enrich the surface glycosphingolipid HexCer. Neutrophils sense this signal via CLEC4E to promote IgA productio...

Acciani, Zyla et al. identify a panel of human monoclonal antibodies against measles virus surface proteins. These antibodies neutralize with picomolar potency, target conserved sites, broadly neutral...

Chen et al. reveal that C. aerofaciens mitigates PCOS pathology through activation of the adipose HIF-2α-ceramide signaling pathway. C. aerofaciens activates this pathway through production of indole-...

Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is pivotal for sustainable agriculture yet constrained by spatiotemporal N mismatches. Du et al. find that the rice circadian clock orchestrates rhizosphere mic...

Qi et al. identify Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum-like (C. glucuronolyticum-like) bacteria enriched in the urine of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone patients and show that they promote CaOx crystallizat...

Dong et al. develop a bacteria-based oral biohybrid vaccine that induces mucosal immunity and drives a mucosa-periphery-tumor immune cascade. Combined with PD-1 blockade, this strategy enhances effect...

In an overlooked but common phenomenon, bacteria colonize fungi and change how the eukaryotic microbe inhabits niches. In this issue, Wei et al. present a comprehensive look at an endofungal bacterium...

Many fungi harbor bacterial endosymbionts that impact fungal fitness. Zhou et al. demonstrate that bacterial endosymbionts indirectly enhance fungal pathogenicity through the targeted disruption of plant-beneficial microbiota. Bacterial endosymbionts stimulate the tomato Fusarium wilt pathogen to produce the cyclic hexadepsipeptide beauvericin, which selectively inhibits disease-suppressive rhizobacteria, thereby weakening microbiome-mediated disease suppression.

Chhillar et al. reveal that plant immunity is organized across leaf tissues through specialized cell-type programs. While a shared core immune program is broadly activated, individual cell types deplo...

Genetic variation in leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) influences tuberculosis severity, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this issue, Hughes et al. identify LTA4H-dependent fibroblasts at t...

Hughes et al. find that the TB susceptibility gene lta4h contributes to the recruitment and differentiation of a discrete set of fibroblasts that populate the periphery of mycobacterial granulomas in ...

Gabija acts early during phage infection, preventing phage genome circularization and replication. Phage DNA end-binding proteins prevent RecBCD loading onto linear DNA, and the absence of RecBCD lice...

Luo et al. show microbial pantothenic acid (PA) is reduced in metabolic syndrome. Bacteroides fragilis-derived PA, produced through panC, sustains KLF4-associated epithelial differentiation through th...

The immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection leverages the interferon system. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Fattinger and colleagues provide compelling evidence for a prev...

Fattinger et al. reveal how an antiviral immune response impairs antibacterial immunity and causes tuberculosis susceptibility. Upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, strong, sustained type ...

Oral bacteria are swallowed constantly but rarely dominate the gut. In this issue of Cell Host and Microbe, Jang et al. turn that leakage into a measurement, showing that mouth-to-gut transmission ris...

Jang et al. show that disruption of oral-gut microbial compartmentalization characterizes gastrointestinal cancers. By quantifying mouth-to-feces microbial transmission, they identify robust diagnostic signatures that accurately classify gastric and colorectal cancers across seven independent cohorts, highlighting a new non-invasive framework for microbiome-based cancer detection.

Fertility declines with age, partly because the endometrium ages alongside the oocyte. In this issue, Li et al. show that Lactobacillus gasseri and its exopolysaccharide reduce endometrial senescence ...

Li et al. show that the age-associated loss of endometrial Lactobacillus is linked to impaired receptivity and identify Lactobacillus gasseri exopolysaccharides as candidate modulators of endometrial ...

Hantaviruses are zoonotic threats that can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and severe cardiopulmonary syndrome. Despite disease severity, there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics ava...

Jiao et al. identify Bacteroides acidifaciens as a bacterial pathogen that accumulates in CRC patients and mice harboring oncogenic mutant KRAS. B. acidifaciens selectively promotes the tumorigenesis ...

Chen et al. demonstrate that soil protist predation shifts bacterial metabolic interactions from competitive to cooperative. Integrating large-scale surveys, metabolic modeling, and control experiment...

The movement of virus-derived (v)siRNAs between plant cells has prompted the widespread yet unproven assumption that they help immunize as-yet-uninfected tissues. Albertini et al. now show that reiterated 3–4 cell immunization events mediated by mobile vsiRNAs drive the core of plant antiviral RNAi and may paradoxically benefit certain viruses.

Silva et al. perform a global analysis of over 11,000 gut microbiomes and reveal that uncultured bacteria are key markers of gut health. The uncultured genus CAG-170 is strongly linked to low gut dysb...

New research suggests saliva could aid future disease screening for gastric and colon cancer.

Using clinically relevant human microbiota-colonized colitis models, Oka et al. show that defined Clostridia consortia restore gut balance by generating indoles that suppress colitis-associated Entero...

Hughes et al. find that the TB susceptibility gene lta4h contributes to the recruitment and differentiation of a discrete set of fibroblasts that populate the periphery of mycobacterial granulomas in ...

McCaffrey et al. describe the isolation of a secreted bacterial enzyme from Legionella pneumophila that mediates 8-oxo-guanine (oxo8G) modifications of host mRNAs to inhibit their expression. This stu...

Many fungi harbor bacterial endosymbionts that impact fungal fitness. Zhou et al. demonstrate that bacterial endosymbionts indirectly enhance fungal pathogenicity through the targeted disruption of pl...

Jang et al. show that disruption of oral-gut microbial compartmentalization characterizes gastrointestinal cancers. By quantifying mouth-to-feces microbial transmission, they identify robust diagnosti...

Proteins are major players in the regulation of chromatin organization, which is poorly characterized in organisms such as the malaria parasite. Ramon-Zamorano et al. provided a comprehensive characte...

Fattinger et al. reveal how an antiviral immune response impairs antibacterial immunity and causes tuberculosis susceptibility. Upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, strong, sustained type ...

Chhillar et al. reveal that plant immunity is organized across leaf tissues through specialized cell-type programs. While a shared core immune program is broadly activated, individual cell types deplo...

Regenerative agriculture is gaining attention as a way to make agriculture more sustainable and to better integrate natural processes. Here, we highlight how the soil microbiome critically contributes...

Quantitative tools are necessary to resolve longitudinal changes in the microbiota. Tin et al. present MicFLY, a single-cell flow cytometric technique that quantifies bacteria and links bacterial iden...

Shomar, Guillaume, et al. report the genomics-driven discovery of a family of more than 2,000 lanthipeptide biosynthetic gene clusters with anti-phage potential. They experimentally demonstrate anti-p...

Huiting, Shmidov, et al. report on a CBASS type encoding a phospholipase (CapV) effector that can successfully limit the late stage of phage replication while maintaining cell viability, rather than i...

Bacterial anti-phage systems are often assumed to sacrifice infected cells, particularly when studied through population-level assays or effector overexpression. Huiting et al. show that a membrane-as...

In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Nishimoto et al. evolve S. pneumoniae under antibiotics and immune pressure, uncovering drug tolerance mutations, instead of resistance. Increased RNase activity ...